一套包含完整前后端的系统如何在K8S中部署?
需求实际应用中,一个系统往往是包含前后端的,通常前端使用Vue,后端使用Springboot。而之前我们只是在K8S中配置过后端Springboot项目,现在我们需要将完整的系统部署到K8S集群中,通过本次部署可以具体分析如何部署,为日后上线生产环境做好充足的准备。前端前端如果使用的Vue开发,需要将打包后的dist放到Web容器的root目录下,在此我们使用Deployent来部署Nginx p
需求
实际应用中,一个系统往往是包含前后端的,通常前端使用Vue,后端使用Springboot。而之前我们只是在K8S中配置过后端Springboot项目,现在我们需要将完整的系统部署到K8S集群中,通过本次部署可以具体分析如何部署,为日后上线生产环境做好充足的准备。
前端
前端如果使用Vue开发,需要将打包后的dist放到Web容器的root目录下,在此我们使用Deployent来部署Nginx pod。
1.root目录
Nginx镜像默认配置文件中指定的root目录为/usr/share/nginx/html
,我们可以使用默认根目录也可以自定义,但是要保证集群中node节点能共享此目录,因此需要将root目录进行持久化并以共享的方式挂在,在此我们使用简单的NFS。
# Master节点
mkdir /App/nfs/nginx/htdocs
chmod 777 /App/nfs/nginx/htdocs
cd /App/nfs/nginx/htdocs
# 将dist 放到hello.test.cn 目录下
mkdir hello.test.cn
mv dist .
# htdocs目录将通过NFS挂载到Nginx pod的自定义站点root目录/mnt上。
/mnt/hello.test.cn/dist
2.Nginx配置文件
Nginx配置文件默认放在/etc/nginx/conf.d
中,站点配置文件通过ConfigMap
进行定义。
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
namespace: test
labels:
app: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
data:
hello.test.cn.conf: |-
server {
listen 80;
server_name hello.test.cn;
location / {
root /mnt/hello.test.cn/dist;
index index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
}
3.Nginx pod
Nginx定义为Deployment类型的工作负载,其中自定义站点root目录及具体的站点配置文件分别以NFS
和ConfigMap
形式进行挂载。
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web-nginx
namespace: test
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
name: web-nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
volumeMounts:
- name: htdocs
mountPath: /mnt
- name: config-nginx-hello-test.cn
mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/hello.test.cn.conf
subPath: hello.test.cn.conf
ports:
- containerPort: 80
volumes:
#挂在nfs
- name: htdocs
nfs:
path: /App/nfs/htdocs
server: 192.168.3.217
#挂在configmap
- name: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
configMap:
name: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
defaultMode: 0640
注意:hello.test.cn.conf一定要挂载为subPath
,否则将会变成一个目录。
4.Service
前端的Service比较简单,部署类型为NodePort。
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: web-helloworld
namespace: test
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: nginx
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
后端
后端Springboot部署,详细配置说明可参见K8S部署Springboot项目一文,在此我们不做具体解释。
# 1.Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: api-helloworld
namespace: test
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: helloworld
template:
metadata:
name: helloworld
labels:
app: helloworld
spec:
hostAliases:
- ip: "10.11.10.11"
hostnames:
- "api1.test.cn"
- "api2.test.cn"
- ip: "10.11.10.12"
hostnames:
- "api3.test.cn"
containers:
- name: helloworld
env:
- name: JAVA_OPTS
value: "-Xmx128m -Xms128m -Dspring.profiles.active=test"
image: harbor.test.cn/helloworld/helloworld:1311c4520122dfa67bb60e0103c9519fcb370e50
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /api
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 200
timeoutSeconds: 5
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /api
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 180
timeoutSeconds: 5
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
resources:
limits:
#cpu: "0.5"
memory: "500Mi"
requests:
#cpu: "0.5"
memory: "500Mi"
volumeMounts:
- name: logdir
mountPath: /logs
- name: localtime
mountPath: /etc/localtime
- name: timezone
mountPath: /etc/timezone
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
volumes:
- name: logdir
emptyDir: {}
- name: localtime
hostPath:
path: /etc/localtime
- name: timezone
hostPath:
path: /etc/timezone
# 2.Service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: api-hellworld
namespace: test
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: helloworld
ports:
- port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
注意:我们在此暂时取消CPU 资源限制,因为Springboot在启动时耗费的CPU资源较多,导致进程启动慢,在测试时可以临时关闭。
Ingress
Ingress 作为访问前后端的入口,我们在此将其分离出来单独讲解。
在Ingress中我们通过访问路由将前后端分离:
- / 访问前端静态文件;
- /api 访问后端接口;
1.http访问
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-hello.test.cn
namespace: test
spec:
rules:
- host: hello.test.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /api
pathType: Prefix
backend:
serviceName: api-hellworld
servicePort: 8080
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
serviceName: web-helloworld
servicePort: 80
2.https访问
# 1.从证书创建secret
# kubectl create secret tls tls-secret-test-cn --key test.cn.key --cert test.cn.pem -n test
# 2.Ingress配置
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-hello.test.cn
namespace: test
spec:
rules:
- host: hello.test.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /api
pathType: Prefix
backend:
serviceName: api-helloworld
servicePort: 8080
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
serviceName: web-nginx
servicePort: 80
tls:
- hosts:
- hello.test.cn
secretName: tls-secret-test-cn
注意:配置https,默认访问http会强制转换成https访问。
在此我们可以通过ssl-redirect设置为"false"(默认为true)
来解决,将其加入到ingress-nginx的全局配置文件。
# vim global_configmap.yaml
# ingress-nginx 全局配置文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: nginx-configuration
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
data:
proxy-connect-timeout: "300"
proxy-read-timeout: "300"
proxy-send-timeout: "300"
proxy-body-size: "200m"
ssl-redirect: "false"
# 应用后,nginx会自动reload生效
# kubectl apply -f global_configmap.yaml
此时既可以通过http访问,也可以通过https访问。
配置文件合并
最好我们将以上配置合并为一个配置文件hello.test.cn.yaml
,方便使用。
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
namespace: test
labels:
app: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
data:
hello.test.cn.conf: |-
server {
listen 80;
server_name hello.test.cn;
location / {
root /mnt/hello.test.cn/dist;
index index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: web-nginx
namespace: test
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
name: web-nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
volumeMounts:
- name: htdocs
mountPath: /mnt
- name: config-nginx-hello-test.cn
mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/hello.test.cn.conf
subPath: hello.test.cn.conf
ports:
- containerPort: 80
volumes:
#挂在nfs
- name: htdocs
nfs:
path: /App/nfs/htdocs
server: 192.168.3.217
#挂在configmap
- name: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
configMap:
name: config-nginx-hello-test-cn
defaultMode: 0640
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: api-helloworld
namespace: test
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: helloworld
template:
metadata:
name: helloworld
labels:
app: helloworld
spec:
hostAliases:
- ip: "10.11.10.11"
hostnames:
- "api1.test.cn"
- "api2.test.cn"
- ip: "10.11.10.12"
hostnames:
- "api3.test.cn"
containers:
- name: helloworld
env:
- name: JAVA_OPTS
value: "-Xmx128m -Xms128m -Dspring.profiles.active=test"
image: harbor.test.cn/helloworld/helloworld:1311c4520122dfa67bb60e0103c9519fcb370e50
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /api
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 200
timeoutSeconds: 5
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /api
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 180
timeoutSeconds: 5
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
resources:
limits:
#cpu: "0.5"
memory: "500Mi"
requests:
#cpu: "0.5"
memory: "500Mi"
volumeMounts:
- name: logdir
mountPath: /logs
- name: localtime
mountPath: /etc/localtime
- name: timezone
mountPath: /etc/timezone
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
volumes:
- name: logdir
emptyDir: {}
- name: localtime
hostPath:
path: /etc/localtime
- name: timezone
hostPath:
path: /etc/timezone
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: web-helloworld
namespace: test
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: nginx
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: api-hellworld
namespace: test
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: helloworld
ports:
- port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-hello.test.cn
namespace: test
spec:
rules:
- host: hello.test.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /api
pathType: Prefix
backend:
serviceName: api-helloworld
servicePort: 8080
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
serviceName: web-nginx
servicePort: 80
tls:
- hosts:
- hello.test.cn
secretName: tls-secret-test-cn
问题思考
以上虽然实现了一套完整的前后端系统在K8S中部署,但是我们还需思考以下几个问题:
1.共享Nginx pod
K8S集群内一个项目我们使用一个Nginx pod来提供静态文件的访问,如果是多个项目将会产生很多Nginx pod,因此是否可以考虑使用一个Nginx pod来运行所有项目的静态文件呢?
2.Nginx热更新
每个静态站点我们都是用ConfigMap生成一个Nginx 配置文件,如hello.test.cn.conf;如果所有项目都使用同一个Nginx pod,那么再次通过ConfigMap生成Nginx配置文件,Nginx pod不会自动reload,这就需要手动操作或有一套热更新机制。
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