查看所有网络接口

ls /sys/class/net/ 

要区分无线网卡则可以在

/sys/class/net/${ifname}/

下面找 phy80211 或者 wireless 文件夹，无线网卡目录下才存在这些文件夹

通过C函数来查看：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netpacket/packet.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <err.h>

int device_get_hwinfo(int fd, char* ifname)
{
    struct ifreq ifr;

    memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
    strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));

    if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) < 0)
    {
        err(1, "Could not get arptype");
        return -1;
    }
    return ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family; //this value
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int fd, if_type = -1;
    char *if_name = "eth0";

    fd = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
    if (fd < 0) {
        printf("Could not create packet socket! Please run horst as root!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if_type = device_get_hwinfo(fd, if_name);
    printf("%s type is %d\n", if_name, if_type);

    return 0;
}

得到网卡列表：

#include <net/if.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int get_if_name(char ifstr[][32])
{
    struct if_nameindex *if_ni, *i;
    int num = 0;

    if_ni = if_nameindex();
    if (if_ni == NULL) {
       perror("if_nameindex");
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    for (i = if_ni; ! (i->if_index == 0 && i->if_name == NULL); i++)
    {
        if(strstr(i->if_name,"eth") != NULL)	//比较网卡名得到有线网卡，不可靠，得到全部就注释掉此行
        {
            strcpy(ifstr[num], i->if_name);
            ++num;
        }
        else
            printf("%u: %s\n", i->if_index, i->if_name);
    }
    if_freenameindex(if_ni);
    return num;
}

/**
* 通过interface name 调用iocontrol查询网卡是否是无线网卡，执行该程序需要引用wireless.h,
* 如果编译时报错 删除其中的"__user" 或者 直接定义为空，这是内核中用到的用户空间属性
*/

int if_is_wlif(const char * ifname)
{
    int skfd, ret = 0;
    struct iwreq    wrq;

    /* Set device name */
    strncpy(wrq.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
  
    skfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if(skfd < 0)
        return ret;
    
    /* Get wireless name */
    ret = ioctl(skfd, SIOCGIWNAME, &wrq);
    close(skfd);
    
    /* If no wireless name : no wireless extensions */
    if(ret < 0)
        return 0;
    else 
        return 1;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char ifname[10][32];
    int num, i;

    num = get_if_name(ifname);
    printf("wlan num %d\n", num);

    for( i=0; i<num; ++i)
    {
        printf("wlan if name %s\n", ifname[i]);
    }
/* 注释部分 直接打印出网卡列表未存储到变量中
    struct if_nameindex *if_ni, *i;

    if_ni = if_nameindex();
    if (if_ni == NULL) {
       perror("if_nameindex");
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    for (i = if_ni; ! (i->if_index == 0 && i->if_name == NULL); i++)
       printf("%u: %s\n", i->if_index, i->if_name);

    if_freenameindex(if_ni);
*/
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

查看设备下的网卡可以通过筛选类型值来判断网卡类型

cat /sys/class/net/eth0/type
1

网卡类型的值是 1

无线网卡 Managed和 Master模式的值也是 1，当是 Monitor模式时值才为 802 或 803

设备类型值列表：

/* ARP protocol HARDWARE identifiers. */
#define ARPHRD_NETROM	0		/* from KA9Q: NET/ROM pseudo	*/
#define ARPHRD_ETHER 	1		/* Ethernet 10Mbps		*/
#define	ARPHRD_EETHER	2		/* Experimental Ethernet	*/
#define	ARPHRD_AX25	3		/* AX.25 Level 2		*/
#define	ARPHRD_PRONET	4		/* PROnet token ring		*/
#define	ARPHRD_CHAOS	5		/* Chaosnet			*/
#define	ARPHRD_IEEE802	6		/* IEEE 802.2 Ethernet/TR/TB	*/
#define	ARPHRD_ARCNET	7		/* ARCnet			*/
#define	ARPHRD_APPLETLK	8		/* APPLEtalk			*/
#define ARPHRD_DLCI	15		/* Frame Relay DLCI		*/
#define ARPHRD_ATM	19		/* ATM 				*/
#define ARPHRD_METRICOM	23		/* Metricom STRIP (new IANA id)	*/
#define	ARPHRD_IEEE1394	24		/* IEEE 1394 IPv4 - RFC 2734	*/
#define ARPHRD_EUI64	27		/* EUI-64                       */
#define ARPHRD_INFINIBAND 32		/* InfiniBand			*/

/* Dummy types for non ARP hardware */
#define ARPHRD_SLIP	256
#define ARPHRD_CSLIP	257
#define ARPHRD_SLIP6	258
#define ARPHRD_CSLIP6	259
#define ARPHRD_RSRVD	260		/* Notional KISS type 		*/
#define ARPHRD_ADAPT	264
#define ARPHRD_ROSE	270
#define ARPHRD_X25	271		/* CCITT X.25			*/
#define ARPHRD_HWX25	272		/* Boards with X.25 in firmware	*/
#define ARPHRD_CAN	280		/* Controller Area Network      */
#define ARPHRD_PPP	512
#define ARPHRD_CISCO	513		/* Cisco HDLC	 		*/
#define ARPHRD_HDLC	ARPHRD_CISCO
#define ARPHRD_LAPB	516		/* LAPB				*/
#define ARPHRD_DDCMP    517		/* Digital's DDCMP protocol     */
#define ARPHRD_RAWHDLC	518		/* Raw HDLC			*/

#define ARPHRD_TUNNEL	768		/* IPIP tunnel			*/
#define ARPHRD_TUNNEL6	769		/* IP6IP6 tunnel       		*/
#define ARPHRD_FRAD	770             /* Frame Relay Access Device    */
#define ARPHRD_SKIP	771		/* SKIP vif			*/
#define ARPHRD_LOOPBACK	772		/* Loopback device		*/
#define ARPHRD_LOCALTLK 773		/* Localtalk device		*/
#define ARPHRD_FDDI	774		/* Fiber Distributed Data Interface */
#define ARPHRD_BIF      775             /* AP1000 BIF                   */
#define ARPHRD_SIT	776		/* sit0 device - IPv6-in-IPv4	*/
#define ARPHRD_IPDDP	777		/* IP over DDP tunneller	*/
#define ARPHRD_IPGRE	778		/* GRE over IP			*/
#define ARPHRD_PIMREG	779		/* PIMSM register interface	*/
#define ARPHRD_HIPPI	780		/* High Performance Parallel Interface */
#define ARPHRD_ASH	781		/* Nexus 64Mbps Ash		*/
#define ARPHRD_ECONET	782		/* Acorn Econet			*/
#define ARPHRD_IRDA 	783		/* Linux-IrDA			*/
/* ARP works differently on different FC media .. so  */
#define ARPHRD_FCPP	784		/* Point to point fibrechannel	*/
#define ARPHRD_FCAL	785		/* Fibrechannel arbitrated loop */
#define ARPHRD_FCPL	786		/* Fibrechannel public loop	*/
#define ARPHRD_FCFABRIC	787		/* Fibrechannel fabric		*/
	/* 787->799 reserved for fibrechannel media types */
#define ARPHRD_IEEE802_TR 800		/* Magic type ident for TR	*/
#define ARPHRD_IEEE80211 801		/* IEEE 802.11			*/
#define ARPHRD_IEEE80211_PRISM 802	/* IEEE 802.11 + Prism2 header  */
#define ARPHRD_IEEE80211_RADIOTAP 803	/* IEEE 802.11 + radiotap header */
#define ARPHRD_IEEE802154	  804

#define ARPHRD_PHONET	820		/* PhoNet media type		*/
#define ARPHRD_PHONET_PIPE 821		/* PhoNet pipe header		*/
#define ARPHRD_CAIF	822		/* CAIF media type		*/

#define ARPHRD_VOID	  0xFFFF	/* Void type, nothing is known */
#define ARPHRD_NONE	  0xFFFE	/* zero header length */

/* ARP protocol opcodes. */
#define	ARPOP_REQUEST	1		/* ARP request			*/
#define	ARPOP_REPLY	2		/* ARP reply			*/
#define	ARPOP_RREQUEST	3		/* RARP request			*/
#define	ARPOP_RREPLY	4		/* RARP reply			*/
#define	ARPOP_InREQUEST	8		/* InARP request		*/
#define	ARPOP_InREPLY	9		/* InARP reply			*/
#define	ARPOP_NAK	10		/* (ATM)ARP NAK			*/