---

一、项目模拟

1. 项目环境

  公司在实际的生产环境中，需要使用 Docker 技术在一台主机上创建 LNMP 服务并运行 Wordpress 网站平台。然后对此服务进行相关的性能调优和管理工作。
所有安装包下载：

cd /opt
wget http://112.124.46.81/lnmp_wordpress/mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
wget http://112.124.46.81/lnmp_wordpress/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
wget http://112.124.46.81/lnmp_wordpress/php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
wget http://112.124.46.81/lnmp_wordpress/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
> 或者
wget -r -np http://112.124.46.81/lnmp_wordpress/

2. 服务器环境

容器	操作系统	IP地址	主要软件
nginx	CentOS 7.9 x86_64	172.88.0.10	Docker-Nginx
mysql	Centos 7.9 x86_64	172.88.0.20	Docker-Mysql
php	Centos 7.9 x86_64	172.88.0.30	Docker-php

3. 任务需求

（1）使用 Docker 构建 LNMP 环境并运行 Wordpress 网站平台。
（2）限制 Nginx 容器最多使用 500MB 的内存和 1G 的 Swap。
（3）限制 Mysql 容器写 /dev/sda 的速率为 10 MB/s。
（4）将所有容器进行快照，然后将 Docker 镜像打包成 tar 包备份到本地。

二、Linux 系统基础镜像

[root@docker ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@docker ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7
#从公有仓库中下载 centos7 作为系统基础镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
centos       7         eeb6ee3f44bd   4 weeks ago   204MB

三、Nginx

1. 建立工作目录

[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /data/nginx
[root@docker ~]# cd /data/nginx
[root@docker nginx]# mv /opt/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz ./
#移动 nginx 安装包 nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@docker nginx]# mv /opt/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz ./
rz waiting to receive.
#移动 wordpress 服务包 wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

2. 编写 Dockerfile 脚本

[root@docker nginx]# vim Dockerfile
 
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <lnmp>
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module;make -j4 && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
ADD wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz /usr/local/nginx/html
RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 80
VOLUME [ "/usr/local/nginx/html/" ]
CMD [ "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;" ]

3. 准备 nginx.conf 配置文件

[root@docker nginx]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.php;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   172.88.0.30:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
    }
}
》》》》》》wq

[root@docker nginx]# ls		//需要有以下文件
Dockerfile  nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz  nginx.conf  wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

4. 生成镜像

[root@docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx:lnmp .
[root@docker nginx]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx        lnmp      35a6404fcfa1   5 seconds ago   522MB
centos       7         eeb6ee3f44bd   4 weeks ago     204MB

5. 创建自定义网络

#创建docker1网卡，并指定网段
[root@docker nginx]# docker network create --subnet=172.88.0.0/16 --opt "com.docker.network.bridge.name"="docker1" lnmp
0cbe1bd0bd782bf1c8e69916d99427970196de22deb312f970e01030406d9b45

[root@docker nginx]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME        DRIVER    SCOPE
dd7a55d01f86   bridge      bridge    local
63ddf1e359e9   host        host      local
0cbe1bd0bd78   lnmp        bridge    local
a4b66a8a6cd2   none        null      local

[root@docker nginx]# ifconfig docker1		//查看网卡信息
docker1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.88.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.88.255.255
        ether 02:42:40:dc:e8:1d  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

6. 启动镜像容器

[root@docker nginx]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -m 500m --memory-swap 1g --net lnmp --ip 172.88.0.10 nginx:lnmp
57616d4ea225c82a50b731472b003dabfd681e8dc6c6ef85a9bb2f665354334b

[root@docker nginx]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
57616d4ea225   nginx:lnmp   "/usr/local/nginx/sb…"   13 seconds ago   Up 12 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   nginx

[root@docker nginx]# docker inspect nginx 	//查看容器信息
······
                        "IPv4Address": "172.88.0.10"
······

7. 验证 nginx

[root@docker nginx]# curl http://192.168.3.15:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
 
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
 
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

三、Mysql

1. 建立工作目录

[root@docker nginx]# mkdir /data/mysql
[root@docker nginx]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@docker mysql]# mv /opt/mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz ./
#传入mysql安装包mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz

2. 编写 Dockerfile

[root@docker mysql]# vim Dockerfile 
 

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp>
RUN yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j 4;make install
ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
EXPOSE 3306
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/
RUN ./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]

3. 准备 my.cnf 文件

[root@docker mysql]# vim my.cnf
 
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
 
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

4. 生成镜像

[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:lnmp .
[root@docker mysql]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mysql        lnmp      49da8f7299af   3 minutes ago    9.98GB
nginx        lnmp      35a6404fcfa1   17 minutes ago   522MB
centos       7         eeb6ee3f44bd   4 weeks ago      204MB

5. 启动镜像容器

[root@docker mysql]# docker run --name=mysql -d --privileged --device-write-bps /dev/sda:10M -v /usr/local/mysql --net lnmp --ip 172.88.0.20 mysql:lnmp
ebafbdc1c4dcfc49406a7db8ee5a2afc54f5b4203d11ad374dba885ec4ef5afd

[root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
ebafbdc1c4dc   mysql:lnmp   "/usr/sbin/init"         11 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds   3306/tcp                            mysql
57616d4ea225   nginx:lnmp   "/usr/local/nginx/sb…"   17 minutes ago   Up 17 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   nginx

6. 验证 mysql

[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it mysql bash
[root@ebafbdc1c4dc bin]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: activating (start) since Sun 2021-10-17 05:54:59 UTC; 42s ago
······

四、PHP

1. 建立工作目录

[root@docker mysql]# mkdir /data/php
[root@docker mysql]# cd /data/php/
[root@docker php]# mv /opt/php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 ./
#传入php安装包php-7.1.10.tar.bz2

2. 编写 Dockerfile 脚本

[root@docker php]# vim Dockerfile 
 
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp>
RUN yum install -y gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH
ADD php.ini     /usr/local/php/lib/
ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
EXPOSE 9000
CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F

3. 准备 php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf 配置文件

从其他机器安装 php 后，scp 配置文件到容器宿主机并进行修改

3.1 php.ini

该配置文件模板位于安装目录的 php-7.1.10/php.ini-development 位置

[root@docker php]# vim php.ini
 
#939行,取消注释，修改
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
#1170行,修改
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[root@docker php]# egrep -v "^;" php.ini | egrep -v "^$"
[PHP]
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
precision = 14
output_buffering = 4096
zlib.output_compression = Off
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = -1
disable_functions =
disable_classes =
zend.enable_gc = On
expose_php = On
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL
display_errors = On
display_startup_errors = On
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
track_errors = On
html_errors = On
variables_order = "GPCS"
request_order = "GP"
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 8M
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = "text/html"
default_charset = "UTF-8"
doc_root =
user_dir =
enable_dl = Off
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 2M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
default_socket_timeout = 60
[CLI Server]
cli_server.color = On
[Date]
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
[filter]
[iconv]
[intl]
[sqlite3]
[Pcre]
[Pdo]
[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket=
[Phar]
[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
mail.add_x_header = On
[SQL]
sql.safe_mode = Off
[ODBC]
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off
[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On
[OCI8]
[PostgreSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0
[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0
[browscap]
[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.use_strict_mode = 0
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.referer_check =
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.sid_length = 26
session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form="
session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
[Assertion]
zend.assertions = 1
[COM]
[mbstring]
[gd]
[exif]
[Tidy]
tidy.clean_output = Off
[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
[sysvshm]
[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1
[mcrypt]
[dba]
[opcache]
[curl]
[openssl]

3.2 php-fpm.conf

该配置文件位于 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default

[root@docker php]# vim php-fpm.conf 
 
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

3.3 www.conf

该配置文件位于 usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default

[root@docker php]# vim www.conf 
 
[www]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 172.88.0.30:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3

4. 生成镜像

[root@docker php]# docker build -t php:lnmp .
[root@docker php]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
php          lnmp      985842f961f1   About a minute ago   1.2GB
mysql        lnmp      49da8f7299af   12 minutes ago       9.98GB
nginx        lnmp      35a6404fcfa1   26 minutes ago       522MB
centos       7         eeb6ee3f44bd   4 weeks ago          204MB

5. 启动镜像容器

[root@docker php]# docker run -itd --name php --net lnmp --ip 172.88.0.30 -p 9000:9000 --volumes-from nginx --volumes-from mysql php:lnmp
954d8ecdd6c7d47270fe15ce4ad6db9c4a5396f42f9d111315ecee69358a9566

[root@docker php]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
954d8ecdd6c7   php:lnmp     "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…"   15 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds   0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp   php
ebafbdc1c4dc   mysql:lnmp   "/usr/sbin/init"         8 minutes ago    Up 8 minutes    3306/tcp                                    mysql
57616d4ea225   nginx:lnmp   "/usr/local/nginx/sb…"   26 minutes ago   Up 26 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp           nginx

6. 验证 php

[root@docker php]# docker exec -it php bash

[root@954d8ecdd6c7 php-7.1.10]# ps -aux
USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root          1  0.0  0.0 113028  9536 pts/0    Ss+  06:00   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx         7  0.0  0.0 113028  5780 pts/0    S+   06:00   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx         8  0.0  0.0 113028  5784 pts/0    S+   06:00   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
root          9  0.2  0.0  11828  1888 pts/1    Ss   06:01   0:00 bash
root         23  0.0  0.0  51732  1728 pts/1    R+   06:01   0:00 ps -aux

五、启动 wordpress 服务

1. mysql 授权

进入 mysql 容器

[root@ebafbdc1c4dc bin]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
#初始密码为空
mysql> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2. 浏览器访问测试

访问 http://192.168.3.15/wordpress/index.php

六、备份镜像至本地

[root@docker php]# mkdir /opt/lnmp_images
[root@docker php]# cd /opt/lnmp_images/
[root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:lnmp
[root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o mysql.tar mysql:lnmp
[root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o php.tar php:lnmp