【Linux基础】Linux下查看硬件配置
Linux服务器配置查看,主要包括CPU、内存、硬盘、网卡等信息一、查看机器所有硬件信息:1、dmidecode |moredmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS,既可以得到当前的配置,也可以得到系统支持的最大配置,比如说支持的最大内存数等。#查看bios信息# dmidecode -
Linux服务器配置查看,主要包括CPU、内存、硬盘、网卡等信息
一、查看机器所有硬件信息
1、dmidecode |more
dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS,既可以得到当前的配置,也可以得到系统支持的最大配置,比如说支持的最大内存数等。
#查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios
#查看内存信息
# dmidecode -t memory
#查看更多硬件
#dmidecode -q
2、dmesg |more
二、CPU
1、lscpu
显示CPU架构信息
[oracle@xxx ~]$ lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 24 #逻辑处理器核心总数量
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-23
Thread(s) per core: 2 #每个核心支持线程数量。2表示支持2个线程
Core(s) per socket: 6 #每个处理器的核心梳理
Socket(s): 2 #逻辑插槽(路)数量,貌似等于物理CPU个数
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #CPU厂商intel
CPU family: 6
Model: 62
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 1200.000
BogoMIPS: 3799.50
Virtualization: VT-x #支持虚拟化
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 12288K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-23
总处理器核心数量=物理处理器数量*每个处理器的核心数量*每个核心支持的线程数量。即:CPU(s) = Socket(s) * Core(s) * Thread(s)。
[xxx@localhost ~]$ man lscpu
COLUMNS
CPU The logical CPU number of a CPU as used by the Linux kernel. #逻辑CPU数量
CORE The logical core number. A core can contain several CPUs. #逻辑核心数量
SOCKET The logical socket number. A socket can contain several cores. #逻辑插槽(路)数量
2、cat /proc/cpuinfo
查看CPU详细信息,Linux下CPU相关的参数保存在 /proc/cpuinfo 文件里,内容太多可结合 | more ,less进行查看,还可以grep查看
# 查看物理CPU个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'physical id'|sort|uniq|wc -l
# 查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
[oracle@xxxx~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq
cpu cores : 6
# 查看每个物理CPU中线程的个数
[oracle@xxx~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "siblings" | uniq
siblings : 12
# 查看逻辑CPU的个数
[oracle@xxx~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"|wc -l
24
# 查看CPU型号
[oracle@xxxx~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" |uniq
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4809 v2 @ 1.90GHz
3、查看CPU的位数
getconf LONG_BIT
[oracle@XXX~]$ getconf LONG_BIT
64
三、内存
1、free
[oracle@xxx~]$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 16022 15817 204 0 91 10244
-/+ buffers/cache: 5481 10541
Swap: 16383 12 16371
[oracle@xxx~]$ free -g
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 15 15 0 0 0 10
-/+ buffers/cache: 5 10
Swap: 15 0 15
2、cat /proc/meminfo
查询内存详细 信息,可结合grep 关键字 查看相关内容
[oracle@xxx~]$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 16407016 kB
MemFree: 212348 kB
Buffers: 93632 kB
Cached: 10490756 kB
SwapCached: 1168 kB
Active: 11509608 kB
Inactive: 2720652 kB
Active(anon): 10227368 kB
Inactive(anon): 1381716 kB
Active(file): 1282240 kB
Inactive(file): 1338936 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 16777208 kB
SwapFree: 16764424 kB
Dirty: 60 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 3644800 kB
Mapped: 5932092 kB
Shmem: 7963196 kB
Slab: 337868 kB
SReclaimable: 237832 kB
SUnreclaim: 100036 kB
KernelStack: 11648 kB
PageTables: 1312736 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 24980716 kB
Committed_AS: 15765032 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 315516 kB
VmallocChunk: 34359369140 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 407552 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 4096 kB
DirectMap2M: 2027520 kB
DirectMap1G: 14680064 kB
3、top
4、查看内存信息(显示插槽个数和每个插槽里内存条的大小)
[root@xxx~]# dmidecode -t memory | grep Size |grep -v 'No Module Installe'
Size: 8192 MB
Size: 8192 MB
我的主板有多个槽位,这里过滤了下,显示使用了2个槽位,每个8G。
5、查看内存条厂家
[root@swnode2 ~]# dmidecode -t memory | grep Manufacturer |grep -v 'NO DIMM'
Manufacturer: Samsung
Manufacturer: Samsung
四、硬盘
1、lsblk
blk是block的缩写。列出块设备,可显示挂载点(文件系统),显示很直观
[root@xxx~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 16G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 1.8T 0 part /
其中,TYPE=disk表示硬盘。可以看出,硬盘sda 分了3个分区。type 还可以是part(分区)、lvm等
2、fdisk -l
可以看到系统上的磁盘(包括U盘)的分区以及大小相关信息。
[root@xxx~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 1999.3 GB, 1999307276288 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243068 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009e3bd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 2115 16777216 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 2115 243069 1935465472 83 Linux
3、df
查看磁盘使用情况,可显示挂载点(文件系统)
[root@xxx~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 1.8T 1.2T 517G 71% /
tmpfs 7.9G 4.0K 7.9G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 33M 152M 18% /boot
注:
/dev/shm/是一个使用就是tmpfs文件系统的设备,其实就是一个特殊的文件系统。redhat中默认大小为物理内存的一半,使用时不用mkfs格式化。
tmpfs是Linux/Unix系统上的一种基于内存的虚拟文件系统。tmpfs可以使用您的内存或swap分区来存储文件(即它的存储空间在virtual memory 中, VM由real memory和swap组成)。由此可见,tmpfs主要存储暂存的文件。它有如下2个优势 : 1. 动态文件系统的大小。2. tmpfs 使用VM建的文件系统,速度当然快。3.重启后数据丢失。
4、cat /proc/partitions
有点类似与lsblk,简洁但信息较少。
[root@swnode2 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 1952448512 sda
8 1 204800 sda1
8 2 16777216 sda2
8 3 1935465472 sda3
五、网卡
1、lspci |grep -i 'eth'
查看网卡硬件信息
[root@xxx~]# lspci |grep -i 'eth'
01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Controller 10-Gigabit X540-AT2 (rev 01)
01:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Controller 10-Gigabit X540-AT2 (rev 01)
2、ifconfig
查看系统的所有网络接口
[root@xxx~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:F9:DB:BE
inet addr:192.168.12.121 Bcast:192.168.12.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::225:90ff:fef9:dbbe/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1147482001 errors:0 dropped:5994 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1043105972 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8785000769357 (7.9 TiB) TX bytes:129632779646 (120.7 GiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:F9:DB:BF
inet addr:192.168.11.121 Bcast:192.168.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::225:90ff:fef9:dbbf/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:5413 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:623902 (609.2 KiB) TX bytes:912 (912.0 b)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback #本地环回
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:22438196 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:22438196 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2936283227 (2.7 GiB) TX bytes:2936283227 (2.7 GiB)
3、ip add show
[root@xxx~]# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:25:90:f9:db:be brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.12.121/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::225:90ff:fef9:dbbe/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:25:90:f9:db:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.11.121/24 brd 192.168.11.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::225:90ff:fef9:dbbf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4、ip link show
[root@xxx~]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:25:90:f9:db:be brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:25:90:f9:db:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5、ethtool
如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息,例如eth0的详细参数和指标
[root@swnode2 ~]# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
10000baseT/Full #支持万兆半双工、全双工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式,一般都支持
Advertised link modes: 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
10000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式
Speed: 1000Mb/s #现在的网卡速度是1000Mb,网卡使用自适应模式,推测路由是1000M,导致万兆网卡变成支持千兆
Duplex: Full #全双工
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: external
Auto-negotiation: on
MDI-X: Unknown
Supports Wake-on: umbg
Wake-on: g
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
drv probe link
Link detected: yes #表示有网线连接和路由是通的
六、光盘
插入CD光碟后,光碟文件是 /dev/cdrom,
因此只需 mount /dev/cdrom mount_point 即可。
[root@xxx tmp]# mount /dev/cdrom mount_point
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
其实仔细看一下,光驱的设备文件是 hdc
[root@miix tmp]# ls -l /dev/cdrom*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 01-08 08:54 /dev/cdrom -> hdc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 01-08 08:54 /dev/cdrom-hdc -> hdc
因此我们也可以这样 mount /dev/hdc mount_point
如果光驱里没放入有效光盘,则报错:
[root@miix tmp]# mount /dev/hdc mount_point
mount: 找不到介质
七、USB
其实通过 fdisk -l 命令可以查看到接入的U盘信息,本人的U盘信息如下:
Disk /dev/sda: 2012 MB, 2012217344 bytes
16 heads, 32 sectors/track, 7676 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 512 * 512 = 262144 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 16 7676 1961024 b W95 FAT32
U盘的设备文件是 /dev/sda,2G大小,FAT32格式。
如果用户登陆的不是Linux图形界面,U盘不会自动挂载上来。
此时可以通过手工挂载(mount):
mount /dev/sda1 mount_point
以上命令将U盘挂载到当前目录的 mount_point 目录,注意挂的是 sda1 不是 sda。
卸载命令是 umount mount_point
Linux默认没有自带支持NTFS格式磁盘的驱动,但对FAT32支持良好,挂载的时候一般不需要 -t vfat 参数 。
如果支持ntfs,对ntfs格式的磁盘分区应使用 -t ntfs 参数。
如果出现乱码情况,可以考虑用 -o iocharset=字符集 参数。
可以通过 lsusb 命令查看 USB 设备信息哦:
[root@miix tmp]# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0951:1613 Kingston Technology
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
八、其他
查看pci信息,即主板所有硬件槽信息,包括CPU、内存、网卡等等。
lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
结合grep 关键字进行信息查看
更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
设备树:lscpi -t
更多推荐
所有评论(0)