Linux驱动修炼之道-SPI驱动框架源码分析
http://www.cnblogs.com/fly-fish/archive/2011/10/26/2225613.htmlhttp://blog.csdn.net/woshixingaaa/article/details/6574215(上)Linux驱动修炼之道-SPI驱动框架源码分析(上)分类:linux驱动编程 2011-06-29 09:5159
http://www.cnblogs.com/fly-fish/archive/2011/10/26/2225613.html
http://blog.csdn.net/woshixingaaa/article/details/6574215
(上)
Linux驱动修炼之道-SPI驱动框架源码分析(上)
努力成为linux kernel hacker的人李万鹏原创作品,为梦而战。转载请标明出处
http://blog.csdn.net/woshixingaaa/archive/2011/06/29/6574215.aspx
SPI协议是一种同步的串行数据连接标准,由摩托罗拉公司命名,可工作于全双工模式。相关通讯设备可工作于m/s模式。主设备发起数据帧,允许多个从设备的存在。每个从设备
有独立的片选信号,SPI一般来说是四线串行总线结构。
接口:
SCLK——Serial Clock(output from master)时钟(主设备发出)
MOSI/SIMO——Master Output, Slave Input(output from master)数据信号线mosi(主设备发出)
MISO/SOMI——Master Input,Slave Outpu(output from slave)数据信号线(从设备)
SS——Slave Select(active low;output from master)片选信号
下面来看一下Linux中的SPI驱动。在Linux设备驱动框架的设计中,有一个重要的主机,外设驱动框架分离的思想,如下图。
外设a,b,c的驱动与主机控制器A,B,C的驱动不相关,主机控制器驱动不关心外设,而外设驱动也不关心主机,外设只是访问核心层的通用的API进行数据的传输,主机和外设之间可以进行任意的组合。如果我们不进行如图的主机和外设分离,外设a,b,c和主机A,B,C进行组合的时候,需要9种不同的驱动。设想一共有个主机控制器,n个外设,分离的结构是需要m+n个驱动,不分离则需要m*n个驱动。
下面介绍spi子系统的数据结构:
在Linux中,使用spi_master结构来描述一个SPI主机控制器的驱动。
- struct spi_master {
- struct device dev;/*总线编号,从0开始*/
- s16 bus_num;/*支持的片选的数量,从设备的片选号不能大于这个数量*/
- u16 num_chipselect;
- u16 dma_alignment;/*改变spi_device的特性如:传输模式,字长,时钟频率*/
- int (*setup)(struct spi_device *spi);/*添加消息到队列的方法,这个函数不可睡眠,他的任务是安排发生的传送并且调用注册的回调函数complete()*/
- int (*transfer)(struct spi_device *spi,struct spi_message *mesg);
- void (*cleanup)(struct spi_device *spi);
- };
分配,注册和注销的SPI主机的API由SPI核心提供:
- struct spi_master *spi_alloc_master(struct device *host, unsigned size);
- int spi_register_master(struct spi_master *master);
- void spi_unregister_master(struct spi_master *master);
- struct spi_driver {
- int (*probe)(struct spi_device *spi);
- int (*remove)(struct spi_device *spi);
- void (*shutdown)(struct spi_device *spi);
- int (*suspend)(struct spi_device *spi, pm_message_t mesg);
- int (*resume)(struct spi_device *spi);
- struct device_driver driver;
- };
可以看出,spi_driver结构体和platform_driver结构体有极大的相似性,都有probe(),remove(),suspend(),resume()这样的接口。
Linux用spi_device来描述一个SPI外设设备。
- struct spi_device {
- struct device dev;
- struct spi_master *master; //对应的控制器指针u32
- max_speed_hz; //spi通信的时钟u8
- chip_select; //片选,用于区分同一总线上的不同设备
- u8 mode;
- #define SPI_CPHA 0x01 /* clock phase */
- #define SPI_CPOL 0x02 /* clock polarity */
- #define SPI_MODE_0 (0|0) /* (original MicroWire) */#define SPI_MODE_1 (0|SPI_CPHA)
- #define SPI_MODE_2 (SPI_CPOL|0)
- #define SPI_MODE_3 (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA)#define SPI_CS_HIGH 0x04 /* chipselect active high? */
- #define SPI_LSB_FIRST 0x08 /* per-word bits-on-wire */
- #define SPI_3WIRE 0x10 /* SI/SO signals shared */
- #define SPI_LOOP 0x20 /* loopback mode */
- u8 bits_per_word; //每个字长的比特数
- int irq; //使用的中断
- void *controller_state;
- void *controller_data;
- char modalias[32]; //名字
- };
这里的spi_master_class,spi_bus_type又是什么呢,看下边两个结构体:
- struct bus_type spi_bus_type = {
- .name = "spi",
- .dev_attrs = spi_dev_attrs,
- .match = spi_match_device,
- .uevent = spi_uevent,
- .suspend = spi_suspend,
- .resume = spi_resume,
- };
- static struct class spi_master_class = {
- .name = "spi_master",
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .dev_release = spi_master_release,
- };
- static struct class *spidev_class;
下边来看两个板级的结构,其中spi_board_info用来初始化spi_device,s3c2410_spi_info用来初始化spi_master。这两个板级的结构需要在移植的时候在arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c中初始化。
- struct spi_board_info {
- char modalias[32]; //设备与驱动匹配的唯一标识
- const void *platform_data;
- void *controller_data;
- int irq;
- u32 max_speed_hz;
- u16 bus_num; //设备所归属的总线编号
- u16 chip_select;
- u8 mode;
- };
- struct s3c2410_spi_info {
- int pin_cs; //芯片选择管脚
- unsigned int num_cs; //总线上的设备数
- int bus_num; //总线号
- void (*gpio_setup)(struct s3c2410_spi_info *spi, int enable); //spi管脚配置函数
- void (*set_cs)(struct s3c2410_spi_info *spi, int cs, int pol);
- };
- struct boardinfo {
- /*用于挂到链表头board_list上*/
- struct list_head list;
- /*管理的spi_board_info的数量*/
- unsigned n_board_info;
- /*存放结构体spi_board_info*/
- struct spi_board_info board_info[0];
- };
- struct s3c24xx_spi {
- /* bitbang has to be first */
- struct spi_bitbang bitbang;
- struct completion done;
- void __iomem *regs;
- int irq;
- int len;
- int count;
- void (*set_cs)(struct s3c2410_spi_info *spi, int cs, int pol);
- /* data buffers */const unsigned char *tx;
- unsigned char *rx;
- struct clk *clk;
- struct resource *ioarea;
- struct spi_master *master;
- struct spi_device *curdev;
- struct device *dev;
- struct s3c2410_spi_info *pdata;
- };
- struct spi_bitbang {
- struct workqueue_struct *workqueue; //工作队列头
- struct work_struct work; //每一次传输都传递下来一个spi_message,都向工作队列头添加一个
- workspinlock_t lock;
- struct list_head queue; //挂接spi_message,如果上一次的spi_message还没有处理完,接下来的spi_message就挂接在queue上等待处理
- u8 busy; //忙碌标志
- u8 use_dma;
- u8 flags;
- struct spi_master *master;/*一下3个函数都是在函数s3c24xx_spi_probe()中被初始化*/
- int (*setup_transfer)(struct spi_device *spi,struct spi_transfer *t); //设置传输模式
- void (*chipselect)(struct spi_device *spi, int is_on); //片选
- #define BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE 1 /* normally nCS, active low */
- #define BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE 0/*传输函数,由s3c24xx_spi_txrx来实现*/
- int (*txrx_bufs)(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t);
- u32 (*txrx_word[4])(struct spi_device *spi,unsigned nsecs,u32 word, u8 bits);
- };
下面来看看spi_message:
- struct spi_message {
- struct list_head transfers; //此次消息的传输队列,一个消息可以包含多个传输段
- struct spi_device *spi; //传输的目的设备
- unsigned is_dma_mapped:1; //如果为真,此次调用提供dma和cpu虚拟地址
- void (*complete)(void *context); //异步调用完成后的回调函数
- void *context; //回调函数的参数
- unsigned actual_length; //此次传输的实际长度
- int status; //执行的结果,成功被置0,否则是一个负的错误码
- struct list_head queue;
- void *state;
- };
下面看一看spi_transfer:
- struct spi_transfer {
- const void *tx_buf; //要写入设备的数据(必须是dma_safe),或者为NULL
- void *rx_buf; //要读取的数据缓冲(必须是dma_safe),或者为NULL
- unsigned len; //tx和rx的大小(字节数),这里不是指它的和,而是各自的长度,他们总是相等的
- dma_addr_t tx_dma; //如果spi_message.is_dma_mapped是真,这个是tx的dma地址
- dma_addr_t rx_dma; //如果spi_message.is_dma_mapped是真,这个是rx的dma地址
- unsigned cs_change:1; //影响此次传输之后的片选,指示本次tranfer结束之后是否要重新片选并调用setup改变设置,这个标志可以较少系统开销u8
- bits_per_word; //每个字长的比特数,如果是0,使用默认值
- u16 delay_usecs; //此次传输结束和片选改变之间的延时,之后就会启动另一个传输或者结束整个消息
- u32 speed_hz; //通信时钟。如果是0,使用默认值
- struct list_head transfer_list; //用来连接的双向链表节点
Linux驱动修炼之道-SPI驱动框架源码分析(中)
努力成为linux kernel hacker的人李万鹏原创作品,为梦而战。转载请标明出处
http://blog.csdn.net/woshixingaaa/archive/2011/06/29/6574220.aspx
这篇来分析spi子系统的建立过程。
嵌入式微处理器访问SPI设备有两种方式:使用GPIO模拟SPI接口的工作时序或者使用SPI控制器。使用GPIO模拟SPI接口的工作时序是非常容易实现的,但是会导致大量的时间耗费在模拟SPI接口的时序上,访问效率比较低,容易成为系统瓶颈。这里主要分析使用SPI控制器的情况。
这个是由sys文件系统导出的spi子系统在内核中的视图了。
首先了解一下Linux内核中的几个文件:spi.c也就是spi子系统的核心了,spi_s3c24xx.c是s3c24xx系列芯片的SPI controller驱动,它向更上层的SPI核心层(spi.c)提供接口用来控制芯片的SPI controller,是一个被其他驱动使用的驱动。而spidev.c是在核心层基础之上将SPI controller模拟成一个字符型的驱动,向文件系统提供标准的文件系统接口,用来操作对应的SPI controller。
下面我们来看看spi子系统是怎么注册进内核的:
- static int __init spi_init(void)
- {
- int status;
- buf = kmalloc(SPI_BUFSIZ, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!buf) {
- status = -ENOMEM;
- goto err0;
- }
- status = bus_register(&spi_bus_type);
- if (status < 0)
- goto err1;
- status = class_register(&spi_master_class);
- if (status < 0)
- goto err2;
- return 0;
- err2:
- bus_unregister(&spi_bus_type);
- err1:
- kfree(buf);
- buf = NULL;
- err0:
- return status;
- }
- postcore_initcall(spi_init);
下面来分析SPI controller驱动的注册与初始化过程,首先执行的是s3c24xx_spi_init。
- static int __init s3c24xx_spi_init(void)
- {
- return platform_driver_probe(&s3c24xx_spi_driver, s3c24xx_spi_probe);
- }
- static int __init s3c24xx_spi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- struct s3c2410_spi_info *pdata;
- struct s3c24xx_spi *hw;
- struct spi_master *master;
- struct resource *res;
- int err = 0;
- /*分配struct spi_master+struct s3c24xx_spi大小的数据,把s3c24xx_spi设为spi_master的私有数据*/
- master = spi_alloc_master(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct s3c24xx_spi));
- if (master == NULL) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No memory for spi_master\n");
- err = -ENOMEM;
- goto err_nomem;
- }
- /*从master中获得s3c24xx_spi*/
- hw = spi_master_get_devdata(master);
- memset(hw, 0, sizeof(struct s3c24xx_spi));
- hw->master = spi_master_get(master);
- /*驱动移植的时候需要实现的重要结构,初始化为&s3c2410_spi0_platdata*/
- hw->pdatapdata = pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
- hw->dev = &pdev->dev;
- if (pdata == NULL) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No platform data supplied\n");
- err = -ENOENT;
- goto err_no_pdata;
- }
- /*设置平台的私有数据为s3c24xx_spi*/
- platform_set_drvdata(pdev, hw);
- init_completion(&hw->done);
- /* setup the master state. */
- /*该总线上的设备数*/
- master->num_chipselect = hw->pdata->num_cs;
- /*总线号*/
- master->bus_num = pdata->bus_num;
- /* setup the state for the bitbang driver */
- /*spi_bitbang专门负责数据的传输*/
- hw->bitbang.master = hw->master;
- hw->bitbang.setup_transfer = s3c24xx_spi_setupxfer;
- hw->bitbang.chipselect = s3c24xx_spi_chipsel;
- hw->bitbang.txrx_bufs = s3c24xx_spi_txrx;
- hw->bitbang.master->setup = s3c24xx_spi_setup;
- dev_dbg(hw->dev, "bitbang at %p\n", &hw->bitbang);
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- /*初始化设置寄存器,包括对SPIMOSI,SPIMISO,SPICLK引脚的设置*/
- s3c24xx_spi_initialsetup(hw);
- /* register our spi controller */
- err = spi_bitbang_start(&hw->bitbang);
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- }
- int spi_bitbang_start(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
- {
- int status;
- if (!bitbang->master || !bitbang->chipselect)
- return -EINVAL;
- /*动态创建一个work_struct结构,它的处理函数是bitbang_work*/
- INIT_WORK(&bitbang->work, bitbang_work);
- spin_lock_init(&bitbang->lock);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bitbang->queue);
- /*spi的数据传输就是用这个方法*/
- if (!bitbang->master->transfer)
- bitbang->master->transfer = spi_bitbang_transfer;
- if (!bitbang->txrx_bufs) {
- bitbang->use_dma = 0;
- /*spi_s3c24xx.c中有spi_bitbang_bufs方法,在bitbang_work中被调用*/
- bitbang->txrx_bufs = spi_bitbang_bufs;
- if (!bitbang->master->setup) {
- if (!bitbang->setup_transfer)
- bitbang->setup_transfer =
- spi_bitbang_setup_transfer;
- /*在spi_s3c24xx.c中有setup的处理方法,在spi_new_device中被调用*/
- bitbang->master->setup = spi_bitbang_setup;
- bitbang->master->cleanup = spi_bitbang_cleanup;
- }
- } else if (!bitbang->master->setup)
- return -EINVAL;
- /* this task is the only thing to touch the SPI bits */
- bitbang->busy = 0;
- /调用create_singlethread_workqueue创建单个工作线程/
- bitbang->workqueue = create_singlethread_workqueue(
- dev_name(bitbang->master->dev.parent));
- if (bitbang->workqueue == NULL) {
- status = -EBUSY;
- goto err1;
- }
- status = spi_register_master(bitbang->master);
- if (status < 0)
- goto err2;
- return status;
- err2:
- destroy_workqueue(bitbang->workqueue);
- err1:
- return status;
- }
然后看这里是怎样注册spi主机控制器驱动的:
- int spi_register_master(struct spi_master *master)
- {
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- /*将spi添加到内核,这也是sys/class/Spi_master下产生Spi0,Spi1的原因*/
- dev_set_name(&master->dev, "spi%u", master->bus_num);
- status = device_add(&master->dev);
- scan_boardinfo(master);
- }
这里跟踪scan_boardinfo函数:
- static void scan_boardinfo(struct spi_master *master)
- {
- struct boardinfo *bi;
- mutex_lock(&board_lock);
- /*遍历所有挂在board_list上的struct boardinfo*/
- list_for_each_entry(bi, &board_list, list) {
- struct spi_board_info *chip = bi->board_info;
- unsigned n;
- /*遍历每个boardinfo管理的spi_board_info,如果设备的总线号与控制器的总线好相等,则创建新设备*/
- for (n = bi->n_board_info; n > 0; n--, chip++) {
- if (chip->bus_num != master->bus_num)
- continue;
- (void) spi_new_device(master, chip);
- }
- }
- mutex_unlock(&board_lock);
- }
这个函数完成了将spi_board_info交由boardinfo管理,并把boardinfo挂载到board_list链表上。也就是说在系统初始化的时候将spi_device交由到挂在board_list上的boardinfo管理,在spi controller的driver注册的时候不但注册这个主机控制器的驱动,还要遍历这个主机控制器的总线上的spi_device,将总线上的spi_device全部注册进内核。当注册进内核并且spi_driver已经注册的时候,如果总线match成功,则会调用spi_driver的probe函数,这个将在后边进行分析。
- int __init
- spi_register_board_info(struct spi_board_info const *info, unsigned n)
- {
- struct boardinfo *bi;
- bi = kmalloc(sizeof(*bi) + n * sizeof *info, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!bi)
- return -ENOMEM;
- bi->nn_board_info = n;
- memcpy(bi->board_info, info, n * sizeof *info);
- mutex_lock(&board_lock);
- list_add_tail(&bi->list, &board_list);
- mutex_unlock(&board_lock);
- return 0;
- }
看一下创建新设备的函数:
- struct spi_device *spi_new_device(struct spi_master *master,
- struct spi_board_info *chip)
- {
- struct spi_device *proxy;
- int status;
- proxy = spi_alloc_device(master);
- if (!proxy)
- return NULL;
- WARN_ON(strlen(chip->modalias) >= sizeof(proxy->modalias));
- /*初始化spi_device的各个字段*/
- proxy->chipchip_select = chip->chip_select;
- proxy->max_speed_hz = chip->max_speed_hz;
- proxy->mode = chip->mode;
- proxy->irq = chip->irq;
- /*这里获得了spi_device的名字,这个modalias也是在我们移植时在mach-smdk2440.c中的s3c2410_spi0_board中设定的*/
- strlcpy(proxy->modalias, chip->modalias, sizeof(proxy->modalias));
- proxy->dev.platform_data = (void *) chip->platform_data;
- proxy->controller_data = chip->controller_data;
- proxy->controller_state = NULL;
- /*主要完成将spi_device添加到内核*/
- status = spi_add_device(proxy);
- if (status < 0) {
- spi_dev_put(proxy);
- return NULL;
- }
- return proxy;
- }
- struct spi_device *spi_alloc_device(struct spi_master *master)
- {
- struct spi_device *spi;
- struct device *dev = master->dev.parent;
- if (!spi_master_get(master))
- return NULL;
- spi = kzalloc(sizeof *spi, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!spi) {
- dev_err(dev, "cannot alloc spi_device\n");
- spi_master_put(master);
- return NULL;
- }
- spi->master = master;
- spi->dev.parent = dev;
- /*设置总线是spi_bus_type,下面会讲到spi_device与spi_driver是怎样match上的*/
- spi->dev.bus = &spi_bus_type;
- spi->dev.release = spidev_release;
- device_initialize(&spi->dev);
- return spi;
- }
- int spi_add_device(struct spi_device *spi)
- {
- static DEFINE_MUTEX(spi_add_lock);
- struct device *dev = spi->master->dev.parent;
- int status;
- /*spi_device的片选号不能大于spi控制器的片选数*/
- if (spi->chip_select >= spi->master->num_chipselect) {
- dev_err(dev, "cs%d >= max %d\n",
- spi->chip_select,
- spi->master->num_chipselect);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- /*这里设置是spi_device在Linux设备驱动模型中的name,也就是图中的spi0.0,而在/dev/下设备节点的名字是proxy->modalias中的名字*/
- dev_set_name(&spi->dev, "%s.%u", dev_name(&spi->master->dev),
- spi->chip_select);
- mutex_lock(&spi_add_lock);
- /*如果总线上挂的设备已经有这个名字,则设置状态忙碌,并退出*/
- if (bus_find_device_by_name(&spi_bus_type, NULL, dev_name(&spi->dev))
- != NULL) {
- dev_err(dev, "chipselect %d already in use\n",
- spi->chip_select);
- status = -EBUSY;
- goto done;
- }
- /对spi_device的时钟等进行设置/
- status = spi->master->setup(spi);
- if (status < 0) {
- dev_err(dev, "can't %s %s, status %d\n",
- "setup", dev_name(&spi->dev), status);
- goto done;
- }
- /*添加到内核*/
- status = device_add(&spi->dev);
- if (status < 0)
- dev_err(dev, "can't %s %s, status %d\n",
- "add", dev_name(&spi->dev), status);
- else
- dev_dbg(dev, "registered child %s\n", dev_name(&spi->dev));
- done:
- mutex_unlock(&spi_add_lock);
- return status;
- }
- static int s3c24xx_spi_setup(struct spi_device *spi)
- {
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- ret = s3c24xx_spi_setupxfer(spi, NULL);
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- }
- static int s3c24xx_spi_setupxfer(struct spi_device *spi,
- struct spi_transfer *t)
- {
- struct s3c24xx_spi *hw = to_hw(spi);
- unsigned int bpw;
- unsigned int hz;
- unsigned int div;
- /*设置了每字长的位数,发送速度*/
- bpw = t ? t->bits_per_word : spi->bits_per_word;
- hz = t ? t->speed_hz : spi->max_speed_hz;
- if (bpw != 8) {
- dev_err(&spi->dev, "invalid bits-per-word (%d)\n", bpw);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- /*设置分频值*/
- div = clk_get_rate(hw->clk) / hz;
- /* is clk = pclk / (2 * (pre+1)), or is it
- * clk = (pclk * 2) / ( pre + 1) */
- div /= 2;
- if (div > 0)
- div -= 1;
- if (div > 255)
- div = 255;
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "setting pre-scaler to %d (hz %d)\n", div, hz);
- writeb(div, hw->regs + S3C2410_SPPRE);
- spin_lock(&hw->bitbang.lock);
- if (!hw->bitbang.busy) {
- hw->bitbang.chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
- /* need to ndelay for 0.5 clocktick ? */
- }
- spin_unlock(&hw->bitbang.lock);
- return 0;
- }
在spidev.c中:
- static int __init spidev_init(void)
- {
- int status;
- BUILD_BUG_ON(N_SPI_MINORS > 256);
- status = register_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, "spi", &spidev_fops);
- if (status < 0)
- return status;
- spidev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "spidev");
- if (IS_ERR(spidev_class)) {
- unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi.driver.name);
- return PTR_ERR(spidev_class);
- }
- status = spi_register_driver(&spidev_spi);
- if (status < 0) {
- class_destroy(spidev_class);
- unregister_chrdev(SPIDEV_MAJOR, spidev_spi.driver.name);
- }
- return status;
- }
- static struct spi_driver spidev_spi = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "spidev",
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- },
- .probe = spidev_probe,
- .remove = __devexit_p(spidev_remove),
- };
- static struct spi_driver spidev_spi = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "spidev",
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- },
- .probe = spidev_probe,
- .remove = __devexit_p(spidev_remove),
- };
- static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)
- {
- struct device_driver *drv = data;
- if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
- return 0;
- if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
- down(&dev->parent->sem);
- down(&dev->sem);
- if (!dev->driver)
- driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
- up(&dev->sem);
- if (dev->parent)
- up(&dev->parent->sem);
- return 0;
- }
- struct bus_type spi_bus_type = {
- .name = "spi",
- .dev_attrs = spi_dev_attrs,
- .match = spi_match_device,
- .uevent = spi_uevent,
- .suspend = spi_suspend,
- .resume = spi_resume,
- };
- static int spi_match_device(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- const struct spi_device *spi = to_spi_device(dev);
- return strcmp(spi->modalias, drv->name) == 0;
- }
- static int spi_drv_probe(struct device *dev)
- {
- const struct spi_driver *sdrv = to_spi_driver(dev->driver);
- return sdrv->probe(to_spi_device(dev));
- }
- static int spidev_remove(struct spi_device *spi)
- {
- struct spidev_data *spidev = spi_get_drvdata(spi);
- /* make sure ops on existing fds can abort cleanly */
- spin_lock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- spidev->spi = NULL;
- spi_set_drvdata(spi, NULL);
- spin_unlock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- /* prevent new opens */
- mutex_lock(&device_list_lock);
- list_del(&spidev->device_entry);
- device_destroy(spidev_class, spidev->devt);
- clear_bit(MINOR(spidev->devt), minors);
- if (spidev->users == 0)
- kfree(spidev);
- mutex_unlock(&device_list_lock);
- return 0;
- }
- static struct file_operations spidev_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- /* REVISIT switch to aio primitives, so that userspace
- * gets more complete API coverage. It'll simplify things
- * too, except for the locking.
- */
- .write = spidev_write,
- .read = spidev_read,
- .unlocked_ioctl = spidev_ioctl,
- .open = spidev_open,
- .release = spidev_release,
- };
到此为止spi子系统与spi_master,spi_device,spi_driver这个Linux设备驱动模型已经建立完了。
Linux驱动修炼之道-SPI驱动框架源码分析(下)
努力成为linux kernel hacker的人李万鹏原创作品,为梦而战。转载请标明出处
http://blog.csdn.net/woshixingaaa/article/details/6574224
这篇文档主要介绍spi数据传输过程。
当应用层要向设备传输数据的时候,会通过ioctl向设备驱动发送传输数据的命令。如图,向SPI从设备发送读写命令,实际的读写操作还是调用了主机控制器驱动的数据传输函数。transfer函数用于spi的IO传输。但是,transfer函数一般不会执行真正的传输操作,而是把要传输的内容放到一个队列里,然后调用一种类似底半部的机制进行真正的传输。这是因为,spi总线一般会连多个spi设备,而spi设备间的访问可能会并发。如果直接在transfer函数中实现传输,那么会产生竞态,spi设备互相间会干扰。所以,真正的spi传输与具体的spi控制器的实现有关,spi的框架代码中没有涉及。像spi设备的片选,根据具体设备进行时钟调整等等都在实现传输的代码中被调用。spi的传输命令都是通过结构spi_message定义,设备程序调用transfer函数将spi_message交给spi总线驱动,总线驱动再将message传到底半部排队,实现串行化传输。
在spidev.c中实现了file_operations:
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static struct file_operations spidev_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .write = spidev_write,
- .read = spidev_read,
- .unlocked_ioctl = spidev_ioctl,
- .open = spidev_open,
- .release = spidev_release,
- };</span>
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static long
- spidev_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- int err = 0;
- int retval = 0;
- struct spidev_data *spidev;
- struct spi_device *spi;
- u32 tmp;
- unsigned n_ioc;
- struct spi_ioc_transfer *ioc;
- /*查看这个命令的幻数字段是否为'k'*/
- if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != SPI_IOC_MAGIC)
- return -ENOTTY;
- /*如果方向是用户空间从内核读,即内核向用户空间写,则检查用户空间的地址是否有效*/
- if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_READ)
- err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE,
- (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
- /*如果方向是用户空间向内核写,即内核读用户空间,则检查用户空间的地址是否有效*/
- if (err == 0 && _IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_WRITE)
- err = !access_ok(VERIFY_READ,
- (void __user *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
- if (err)
- return -EFAULT;
- /* guard against device removal before, or while,
- * we issue this ioctl.
- */
- spidev = filp->private_data;
- spin_lock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- spi = spi_dev_get(spidev->spi);
- spin_unlock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- if (spi == NULL)
- return -ESHUTDOWN;
- mutex_lock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- switch (cmd) {
- /* read requests */
- case SPI_IOC_RD_MODE:
- /*因为已经进行了地址是否有效的检查,所以这里使用__put_user,__get_user,__copy_from_user可以节省几个时钟周期呢*/
- retval = __put_user(spi->mode & SPI_MODE_MASK,
- (__u8 __user *)arg);
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_RD_LSB_FIRST:
- retval = __put_user((spi->mode & SPI_LSB_FIRST) ? 1 : 0,
- (__u8 __user *)arg);
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_RD_BITS_PER_WORD:
- retval = __put_user(spi->bits_per_word, (__u8 __user *)arg);
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_RD_MAX_SPEED_HZ:
- retval = __put_user(spi->max_speed_hz, (__u32 __user *)arg);
- break;
- /*设置SPI模式*/
- case SPI_IOC_WR_MODE:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (u8 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- /*先将之前的模式保存起来,一旦设置失败进行回复*/
- u8 save = spi->mode;
- if (tmp & ~SPI_MODE_MASK) {
- retval = -EINVAL;
- break;
- }
- tmp |= spi->mode & ~SPI_MODE_MASK;
- spi->mode = (u8)tmp;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->mode = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "spi mode %02x\n", tmp);
- }
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_WR_LSB_FIRST:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (__u8 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- u8 save = spi->mode;
- if (tmp)
- spi->mode |= SPI_LSB_FIRST;
- else
- spi->mode &= ~SPI_LSB_FIRST;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->mode = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%csb first\n",
- tmp ? 'l' : 'm');
- }
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_WR_BITS_PER_WORD:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (__u8 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- u8 save = spi->bits_per_word;
- spi->bits_per_word = tmp;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->bits_per_word = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%d bits per word\n", tmp);
- }
- break;
- case SPI_IOC_WR_MAX_SPEED_HZ:
- retval = __get_user(tmp, (__u32 __user *)arg);
- if (retval == 0) {
- u32 save = spi->max_speed_hz;
- spi->max_speed_hz = tmp;
- retval = spi_setup(spi);
- if (retval < 0)
- spi->max_speed_hz = save;
- else
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%d Hz (max)\n", tmp);
- }
- break;
- default:
- /* segmented and/or full-duplex I/O request */
- if (_IOC_NR(cmd) != _IOC_NR(SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(0))
- || _IOC_DIR(cmd) != _IOC_WRITE) {
- retval = -ENOTTY;
- break;
- }
- /*得到用户空间数据的大小*/
- tmp = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
- /*如果这些数据不能分成spi_ioc_transfer的整数倍,则不能进行传输,spi_io_transfer是对spi_transfer的映射*/
- if ((tmp % sizeof(struct spi_ioc_transfer)) != 0) {
- retval = -EINVAL;
- break;
- }
- /*计算出能分多少个spi_ioc_transfer*/
- n_ioc = tmp / sizeof(struct spi_ioc_transfer);
- if (n_ioc == 0)
- break;
- /*在内核中分配装载这些数据的内存空间*/
- ioc = kmalloc(tmp, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!ioc) {
- retval = -ENOMEM;
- break;
- }
- /*把用户空间的数据拷贝过来*/
- if (__copy_from_user(ioc, (void __user *)arg, tmp)) {
- kfree(ioc);
- retval = -EFAULT;
- break;
- }
- /*进行数据传输*/
- <span style="color:#ff0000;">retval = spidev_message(spidev, ioc, n_ioc);</span>
- kfree(ioc);
- break;
- }
- mutex_unlock(&spidev->buf_lock);
- spi_dev_put(spi);
- return retval;
- }
- </span>
下面跟踪spidev_message看看:
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static int spidev_message(struct spidev_data *spidev,
- struct spi_ioc_transfer *u_xfers, unsigned n_xfers)
- {
- struct spi_message msg;
- struct spi_transfer *k_xfers;
- struct spi_transfer *k_tmp;
- struct spi_ioc_transfer *u_tmp;
- unsigned n, total;
- u8 *buf;
- int status = -EFAULT;
- /*初始化spi_message的tranfers链表头*/
- spi_message_init(&msg);
- /*分配n个spi_transfer的内存空间,一个spi_message由多个数据段spi_message组成*/
- k_xfers = kcalloc(n_xfers, sizeof(*k_tmp), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (k_xfers == NULL)
- return -ENOMEM;
- buf = spidev->buffer;
- total = 0;
- /*这个for循环的主要任务是将所有的spi_transfer组装成一个spi_message*/
- for (n = n_xfers, k_tmp = k_xfers, u_tmp = u_xfers;
- n;
- n--, k_tmp++, u_tmp++) {
- /*u_tmp是从用户空间传下来的spi_ioc_message的大小,spi_ioc_message是对spi_message的映射*/
- k_tmp->len = u_tmp->len;
- /*统计要传输数据的总量*/
- total += k_tmp->len;
- if (total > bufsiz) {
- status = -EMSGSIZE;
- goto done;
- }
- /*spi_transfer是一个读写的buffer对,如果是要接收则把buffer给接收的rx_buf*/
- if (u_tmp->rx_buf) {
- k_tmp->rx_buf = buf;
- if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (u8 __user *)
- (uintptr_t) u_tmp->rx_buf,
- u_tmp->len))
- goto done;
- }
- /*如果要传输,这个buffer给tx_buf使用,从用户空间拷过来要传输的数据*/
- if (u_tmp->tx_buf) {
- k_tmp->tx_buf = buf;
- if (copy_from_user(buf, (const u8 __user *)
- (uintptr_t) u_tmp->tx_buf,
- u_tmp->len))
- goto done;
- }
- /*指向下一段内存*/
- buf += k_tmp->len;
- /*最后一个transfer传输完毕是否会影响片选*/
- k_tmp->cs_change = !!u_tmp->cs_change;
- /*每字长的字节数*/
- k_tmp->bits_per_word = u_tmp->bits_per_word;
- /*一段数据传输完需要一定的时间等待*/
- k_tmp->delay_usecs = u_tmp->delay_usecs;
- /*初始化传输速度*/
- k_tmp->speed_hz = u_tmp->speed_hz;
- /*将spi_transfer通过它的transfer_list字段挂到spi_message的transfer队列上*/
- spi_message_add_tail(k_tmp, &msg);
- }
- /*调用底层的传输函数*/
- <span style="color:#ff0000;">status = spidev_sync(spidev, &msg);</span>
- if (status < 0)
- goto done;
- /* copy any rx data out of bounce buffer */
- buf = spidev->buffer;
- /*把传输数据拷贝到用户空间打印出来,可以查看是否传输成功*/
- for (n = n_xfers, u_tmp = u_xfers; n; n--, u_tmp++) {
- if (u_tmp->rx_buf) {
- if (__copy_to_user((u8 __user *)
- (uintptr_t) u_tmp->rx_buf, buf,
- u_tmp->len)) {
- status = -EFAULT;
- goto done;
- }
- }
- buf += u_tmp->len;
- }
- status = total;
- done:
- kfree(k_xfers);
- return status;
- }
- </span>
看spidev_sync的实现:
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static ssize_t
- spidev_sync(struct spidev_data *spidev, struct spi_message *message)
- {
- /*声明并初始化一个完成量*/
- DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
- int status;
- /*指定spi_message使用的唤醒完成量函数*/
- message->complete = spidev_complete;
- message->context = &done;
- spin_lock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- if (spidev->spi == NULL)
- status = -ESHUTDOWN;
- else
- /*调用spi核心中的函数进行数据传输*/
- <span style="color:#ff0000;"> status = spi_async(spidev->spi, message);</span>
- spin_unlock_irq(&spidev->spi_lock);
- if (status == 0) {
- /*等待完成量被唤醒*/
- wait_for_completion(&done);
- status = message->status;
- if (status == 0)
- status = message->actual_length;
- }
- return status;
- }
- </span>
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static inline int
- spi_async(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *message)
- {
- message->spi = spi;
- return spi->master->transfer(spi, message);
- }
- </span>
bitbang->master->transfer= spi_bitbang_transfer;
看spi_bitbang_transfer的实现:
- <span style="font-size:18px;">int spi_bitbang_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *m)
- {
- struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
- unsigned long flags;
- int status = 0;
- m->actual_length = 0;
- m->status = -EINPROGRESS;
- /*在spi_alloc_master函数中调用spi_master_set_devdata把struct s3c24xx_spi结构存放起来,而struct spi_bitbang正是struct s3c24xx_spi结构所包含的第一个结构*/
- bitbang = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master);
- spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
- if (!spi->max_speed_hz)
- status = -ENETDOWN;
- else {
- /*把message加入到bitbang的等待队列中*/
- list_add_tail(&m->queue, &bitbang->queue);
- /*把bitbang-work加入bitbang->workqueue中,调度运行*/
- queue_work(bitbang->workqueue, &bitbang->work);
- }
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
- return status;
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_transfer);
- </span>
分析工作队列的处理函数:
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static void bitbang_work(struct work_struct *work)
- {
- struct spi_bitbang *bitbang =
- container_of(work, struct spi_bitbang, work);
- unsigned long flags;
- spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
- /*设置成忙状态*/
- bitbang->busy = 1;
- /*对bitqueue中的每一个spi_message进行处理*/
- while (!list_empty(&bitbang->queue)) {
- struct spi_message *m;
- struct spi_device *spi;
- unsigned nsecs;
- struct spi_transfer *t = NULL;
- unsigned tmp;
- unsigned cs_change;
- int status;
- int (*setup_transfer)(struct spi_device *,
- struct spi_transfer *);
- m = container_of(bitbang->queue.next, struct spi_message,
- queue);
- /*从队列中驱动这个spi_message*/
- list_del_init(&m->queue);
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
- nsecs = 100;
- spi = m->spi;
- tmp = 0;
- cs_change = 1;
- status = 0;
- setup_transfer = NULL;
- /*对spi_message的transfers上的每个spi_transfer进行处理*/
- list_for_each_entry (t, &m->transfers, transfer_list) {
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- if (t->len) {
- if (!m->is_dma_mapped)
- t->rx_dma = t->tx_dma = 0;
- /*调用bitbang->txrx_bufs进行数据的传输,bitbang->txrx_bufs = s3c24xx_spi_txrx;这个在s3c24xx_spi_probe中进行赋值的*/
- <span style="color:#ff0000;">status = bitbang->txrx_bufs(spi, t);</span>
- }
- 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
- m->status = status;
- /*传输完成,唤醒刚才的那个完成变量*/
- m->complete(m->context);
- /* restore speed and wordsize */
- if (setup_transfer)
- setup_transfer(spi, NULL);
- if (!(status == 0 && cs_change)) {
- ndelay(nsecs);
- bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
- ndelay(nsecs);
- }
- spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
- }
- bitbang->busy = 0;
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
- }
- </span>
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static int s3c24xx_spi_txrx(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t)
- {
- struct s3c24xx_spi *hw = to_hw(spi);
- dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "txrx: tx %p, rx %p, len %d\n",
- t->tx_buf, t->rx_buf, t->len);
- hw->tx = t->tx_buf; //发送指针
- hw->rx = t->rx_buf; //接收指针
- hw->len = t->len; //需要发送/接收的数目
- hw->count = 0; //存放实际spi传输的数据数目
- /*初始化了完成量*/
- init_completion(&hw->done);
- /*
- *只需发送第一个字节(如果发送为空,则发送0xff),中断中就会自动发送完其他字节(并接受数据)
- *直到所有数据发送完毕且所有数据接收完毕才返回
- */
- writeb(hw_txbyte(hw, 0), hw->regs + S3C2410_SPTDAT);
- /*等待完成量被唤醒*/
- wait_for_completion(&hw->done);
- return hw->count;
- }
- static inline unsigned int hw_txbyte(struct s3c24xx_spi *hw, int count)
- {
- return hw->tx ? hw->tx[count] : 0xff;
- //如果还有数据没接收完且要发送的数据经已发送完毕,发送空数据0xFF
- }
- </span>
- <span style="font-size:18px;">static irqreturn_t s3c24xx_spi_irq(int irq, void *dev)
- {
- struct s3c24xx_spi *hw = dev;
- /*读取spi的状态寄存器*/
- unsigned int spsta = readb(hw->regs + S3C2410_SPSTA);
- unsigned int count = hw->count;
- /*检测冲突*/
- if (spsta & S3C2410_SPSTA_DCOL) {
- dev_dbg(hw->dev, "data-collision\n");
- /*唤醒完成量*/
- complete(&hw->done);
- goto irq_done;
- }
- /*设备忙*/
- if (!(spsta & S3C2410_SPSTA_READY)) {
- dev_dbg(hw->dev, "spi not ready for tx?\n");
- /*唤醒完成量*/
- complete(&hw->done);
- goto irq_done;
- }
- hw->count++;
- /*接收数据*/
- if (hw->rx)
- hw->rx[count] = readb(hw->regs + S3C2410_SPRDAT);
- count++;
- /*如果count小于需要发送或接收数据的数目,发送其他数据*/
- if (count < hw->len)
- writeb(hw_txbyte(hw, count), hw->regs + S3C2410_SPTDAT);
- else
- /*唤醒完成量,通知s3c24xx_spi_txrx函数*/
- complete(&hw->done);
- irq_done:
- return IRQ_HANDLED;
- }
- </span>
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