实验环境

系统都是centos 7

IP地址	主机名称
192.168.0.2	k8s-master01
192.168.0.3	k8s-node01
192.168.0.4	k8s-node01

所有节点修改主机名称

cat <<EOF >> /etc/hosts
192.168.0.2 k8s-master01
192.168.0.3 K8s-node01
192.168.0.4 K8s-node02
EOF

所有节点配置阿里云镜像源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo       # 配置centos 7的镜像源
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2   # 安装一些后期或需要的的一下依赖
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sed  -i 's/http/https/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo   # 配置阿里云的k8s源
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

所有节点安装一些所需要的环境

yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y

所有节点关闭服务器防火墙：如果是云服务器记得开放安全组访问权限

systemctl disable --now firewalld 
systemctl disable --now dnsmasq
systemctl disable --now NetworkManager
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config

关闭swap分区

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab

所有节点配置limit

ulimit -SHn 65535
-a 　显示目前资源限制的设定。   
-c <core文件上限> 　设定core文件的最大值，单位为区块。     
-d <数据节区大小> 　程序数据节区的最大值，单位为KB。    
-f <文件大小> 　shell所能建立的最大文件，单位为KB。    
-H 　设定资源的硬性限制，也就是管理员所设下的限制。     
-m <内存大小> 　指定可使用内存的上限，单位为KB。     
-n <文件数目> 　指定同一时间最多可打开的文件数。    
-p <缓冲区大小> 　指定管道缓冲区的大小，单位512字节。    
-s <堆栈大小> 　指定堆叠的上限，单位为KB。      
-S 　设定资源的弹性限制。      
-t <CPU时间> 　指定CPU使用时间的上限，单位为秒。    
-u <进程数目> 　用户最多可启动的进程数目。
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
# 末尾添加如下内容  相当于配置永久生效
cat << EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF

安装免登方便操作

ssh-keygen -t rsa
for i in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done

升级内核

cd /root
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot
cd /root && yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*

所有节点更改内核启动顺序

grub2-set-default  0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
reboot
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# uname -a # 查看系统内核
Linux k8s-master02 4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 21 11:06:36 EST 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

下载安装所有的源码文件

所有节点安装ipvsadm（简单来说介绍LVS）

yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

所有节点配置ipvs模块，在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack， 4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可

yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
# 配置内核模块
cat << EOF >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 
	# 加入以下内容
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF
然后执行systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service即可 # 开启的时候加载内核模块

开启一些k8s集群中必须的内核参数，所有节点配置k8s内核：

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
sysctl --system

K8s组件和Runtime安装

所有节点安装Containerd

yum install docker-ce-20.10.* docker-ce-cli-20.10.* -y
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
modprobe -- overlay
modprobe -- br_netfilter
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 加载内核
mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/' /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i 's#sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"#sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"#' /etc/containerd/config.toml
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now containerd
cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
# 配置完成之后建议在进行重启一下，错误如下图所示：
systemctl restart  containerd

开始进行安装k8s 组件：

yum install kubeadm-1.25* kubelet-1.25* kubectl-1.25* -y
cat >/etc/sysconfig/kubelet<<EOF
KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS="--container-runtime=remote --runtime-request-timeout=15m --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock"
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet

安装完成之后开始进行初始化：

mastart01 执行
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.163 --pod-network-cidr=172.16.0.0/12 --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --cri-socket=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
# 执行如下命令：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 可参考官方文档
https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/
# k8s 命令永久补全
yum install bash-completion -y
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

进行安装网络插件：

安装网络组件

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.25.0/manifests/calico-typha.yaml -o calico.yaml # 注意，这边使用的官网的地址，可能会导致无法下载下来
kubectl  apply -f calico.yaml    # 进行加载此配置即可

查看是否安装成功

[root@hecs-266792 ~]# kubectl  get po -n kube-system 
NAME                                       READY   STATUS     RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-68d86f8988-ggc97   0/1     Pending    0          77s
calico-node-kx69b                          0/1     Init:0/3   0          77s
calico-typha-54b5d5df68-zrwq4              0/1     Pending    0          77s
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-kb5r4                   0/1     Pending    0          15h
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-zjlf4                   0/1     Pending    0          15h
etcd-hecs-266792                           1/1     Running    1          15h
kube-apiserver-hecs-266792                 1/1     Running    1          15h
kube-controller-manager-hecs-266792        1/1     Running    1          15h
kube-proxy-4fckc                           1/1     Running    0          15h
kube-scheduler-hecs-266792                 1/1     Running    1          15h
[root@hecs-266792 ~]# kubectl  get node
NAME          STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
hecs-266792   NotReady   control-plane,master   15h   v1.22.17
[root@hecs-266792 ~]# kubectl  get node
NAME          STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
hecs-266792   Ready    control-plane,master   15h   v1.22.17
[root@hecs-266792 ~]# kubectl  get po -n kube-system 
NAME                                       READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-68d86f8988-ggc97   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          116s
calico-node-kx69b                          0/1     Init:2/3            0          116s
calico-typha-54b5d5df68-zrwq4              0/1     Pending             0          116s
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-kb5r4                   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          15h
coredns-7f6cbbb7b8-zjlf4                   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          15h
etcd-hecs-266792                           1/1     Running             1          15h
kube-apiserver-hecs-266792                 1/1     Running             1          15h
kube-controller-manager-hecs-266792        1/1     Running             1          15h
kube-proxy-4fckc                           1/1     Running             0          15h
kube-scheduler-hecs-266792                 1/1     Running             1          15h
[root@hecs-266792 ~]#