1.引入el-table组件，这里我直接用官网的示例代码

<template>
    <div class="page">
        <el-popover width="60" trigger="click">
            <el-checkbox-group v-model="columnSelecteds">
                <el-checkbox v-for="item in columnHeaders" :label="item.title" :key="item.title" ></el-checkbox>    
            </el-checkbox-group>
            <el-button slot="reference" icon="el-icon-more" circle style="margin-left: 100px;"></el-button>
        </el-popover>
        <el-table
            :data="tableData"
            ref="dataTable"
            stripe
            style="width: 100%">
            <el-table-column v-if="columnHeaders[0].isShow" prop="date" label="日期"></el-table-column>
            <el-table-column v-if="columnHeaders[1].isShow" prop="name" label="姓名"></el-table-column>
            <el-table-column v-if="columnHeaders[2].isShow" prop="address" label="地址"></el-table-column>
        </el-table>
    </div>
</template>

页面效果图：

 2.数据绑定与监听

<script>
export default {
    name: 'ElTableTest',
    data() {
        return {
            // 表格数据
            tableData: [{
                date: '2016-05-02',
                name: '王小虎',
                address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'
            }, {
                date: '2016-05-04',
                name: '王小虎',
                address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1517 弄'
            }, {
                date: '2016-05-01',
                name: '王小虎',
                address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1519 弄'
            }, {
                date: '2016-05-03',
                name: '王小虎',
                address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1516 弄'
            }],
            //表头信息
            columnHeaders: [ 
                {index: 0, title: "日期", isShow: true},
                {index: 1, title: "姓名", isShow: true},
                {index: 2, title: "地址", isShow: true}
            ],  
            //已选择的项
            columnSelecteds: ["日期","姓名", "地址"] 
        }   
    },
    watch: {
        /**
         * @title 监听列显示隐藏
         */
        columnSelecteds(newArrayVal) {
            // 计算为被选中的列标题数组
            var nonSelecteds = this.columnHeaders
                        .filter(item => newArrayVal.indexOf(item.title) == -1) 
                        .map(item => item.title)
            // 根据计算结果进行表格重绘
            this.columnHeaders.filter(item => {
                let isNonSelected = nonSelecteds.indexOf(item.title) != -1
                if (isNonSelected) {
                    // 隐藏未选中的列
                    item.isShow = false
                    this.$nextTick(() => {
                        this.$refs.dataTable.doLayout()
                    })
                } else {
                    // 显示已选中的列
                    item.isShow = true
                    this.$nextTick(() => {
                        this.$refs.dataTable.doLayout()
                    })
                }
            })
        }
    }
}
</script>

监听到已选择和未选择的列，调用doLayout()方法对表格进行重绘。

最终效果：