使用VUE开发后台管理系统 完全由后端控制左边菜单项思路

在传统开发后台管理系统时，都会涉及权限控制这一功能需求 即：根据不同登录的角色账号来使用该账号拥有的功能，也就是说系统左边的菜单栏不是固定不变的，而是根据登录账号的权限去动态控制的，现在主流的两种模式
即:1.前后端配合控制 2.完全由后端来控制

本章着重来介绍 第二种模式 :由后端数据控制前端的菜单

1. 借助Ant Design Pro Vue 来讲解实现思路 （Ant-Design-Pro Vue 开箱即用的企业后台管理系统）
2. 码云地址 :https://gitee.com/sendya/ant-design-pro-vue.git

一.实现思路

1. 后端提供路由接口 前端请求数据然后二次处理

2. 前端请求到的数据

3. 前端处理数据的逻辑

// eslint-disable-next-line
import * as loginService from '@/api/login'
// eslint-disable-next-line
import { BasicLayout, BlankLayout, PageView, RouteView } from '@/layouts'

// 前端路由表  
const constantRouterComponents = {
  // 基础页面 layout 必须引入
  BasicLayout: BasicLayout,
  BlankLayout: BlankLayout,
  RouteView: RouteView,
  PageView: PageView,
  '403': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "error" */ '@/views/exception/403'),
  '404': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "error" */ '@/views/exception/404'),
  '500': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "error" */ '@/views/exception/500'),

  // 你需要动态引入的页面组件
  'Workplace': () => import('@/views/dashboard/Workplace'),
  'Analysis': () => import('@/views/dashboard/Analysis'),

  // form
  'BasicForm': () => import('@/views/form/basicForm'),
  'StepForm': () => import('@/views/form/stepForm/StepForm'),
  'AdvanceForm': () => import('@/views/form/advancedForm/AdvancedForm'),

  // // list
  'TableList': () => import('@/views/list/TableList'),
  // 'StandardList': () => import('@/views/list/StandardList'),
  'CardList': () => import('@/views/list/CardList'),
  'SearchLayout': () => import('@/views/list/search/SearchLayout'),
  'SearchArticles': () => import('@/views/list/search/Article'),
  'SearchProjects': () => import('@/views/list/search/Projects'),
  'SearchApplications': () => import('@/views/list/search/Applications'),
  'ProfileBasic': () => import('@/views/profile/basic'),
  'ProfileAdvanced': () => import('@/views/profile/advanced/Advanced'),

  // result
  'ResultSuccess': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "result" */ '@/views/result/Success'),
  'ResultFail': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "result" */ '@/views/result/Error'),

  // exception
  'Exception403': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "fail" */ '@/views/exception/403'),
  'Exception404': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "fail" */ '@/views/exception/404'),
  'Exception500': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "fail" */ '@/views/exception/500'),

  // account
  'AccountCenter': () => import('@/views/account/center'),
  'AccountSettings': () => import('@/views/account/settings/Index'),
  'BaseSettings': () => import('@/views/account/settings/BaseSetting'),
  'SecuritySettings': () => import('@/views/account/settings/Security'),
  'CustomSettings': () => import('@/views/account/settings/Custom'),
  'BindingSettings': () => import('@/views/account/settings/Binding'),
  'NotificationSettings': () => import('@/views/account/settings/Notification'),

  'TestWork': () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "TestWork" */ '@/views/dashboard/TestWork')
}

// 前端未找到页面路由（固定不用改）
const notFoundRouter = {
  path: '*', redirect: '/404', hidden: true
}

// 根级菜单
const rootRouter = {
  key: '',
  name: 'index',
  path: '',
  component: 'BasicLayout',
  redirect: '/dashboard',
  meta: {
    title: '首页'
  },
  children: []
}

/**
 * 动态生成菜单
 * @param token
 * @returns {Promise<Router>}
 */
export const generatorDynamicRouter = (token) => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    loginService.getCurrentUserNav(token).then(res => {
      console.log('res', res) //后端请求到的数据
      const { result } = res
      const menuNav = []
      const childrenNav = []
      //      后端数据, 根级树数组,  根级 PID
      listToTree(result, childrenNav, 0) //路由数据 第一次处理
      rootRouter.children = childrenNav  
      menuNav.push(rootRouter)
      console.log('menuNav', menuNav)
      const routers = generator(menuNav) //路由数据 第二次处理
      routers.push(notFoundRouter)
      console.log('routers', routers)
      resolve(routers)
    }).catch(err => {
      reject(err)
    })
  })
}

/**
 * 格式化树形结构数据 生成 vue-router 层级路由表
 *
 * @param routerMap
 * @param parent
 * @returns {*}
 */
 //路由数据第二次处理  匹配加载组件 生成路由path 
export const generator = (routerMap, parent) => {   
  return routerMap.map(item => {
    const { title, show, hideChildren, hiddenHeaderContent, target, icon } = item.meta || {}
    const currentRouter = {
      // 如果路由设置了 path，则作为默认 path，否则 路由地址 动态拼接生成如 /dashboard/workplace
      path: item.path || `${parent && parent.path || ''}/${item.key}`,
      // 路由名称，建议唯一
      name: item.name || item.key || '',
      // 该路由对应页面的 组件 :方案1
      // component: constantRouterComponents[item.component || item.key],
      // 该路由对应页面的 组件 :方案2 (动态加载)
      component: (constantRouterComponents[item.component || item.key]) || (() => import(`@/views/${item.component}`)),
      // meta: 页面标题, 菜单图标, 页面权限(供指令权限用，可去掉)
      meta: {
        title: title,
        icon: icon || undefined,
        hiddenHeaderContent: hiddenHeaderContent,
        target: target,
        permission: item.name
      }
    }
    // 是否设置了隐藏菜单
    if (show === false) {
      currentRouter.hidden = true
    }
    // 是否设置了隐藏子菜单
    if (hideChildren) {
      currentRouter.hideChildrenInMenu = true
    }
    // 为了防止出现后端返回结果不规范，处理有可能出现拼接出两个 反斜杠
    if (!currentRouter.path.startsWith('http')) {
      currentRouter.path = currentRouter.path.replace('//', '/')
    }
    // 重定向
    item.redirect && (currentRouter.redirect = item.redirect)
    // 是否有子菜单，并递归处理
    if (item.children && item.children.length > 0) {
      // Recursion
      currentRouter.children = generator(item.children, currentRouter)
    }
    return currentRouter
  })
}

/**
 * 数组转树形结构
 * @param list 源数组
 * @param tree 树
 * @param parentId 父ID
 */
 // 路由数据第一次 处理 将list结构转化为 tree
const listToTree = (list, tree, parentId) => {
  list.forEach(item => {
    // 判断是否为父级菜单
    if (item.parentId === parentId) {
      const child = {
        ...item,
        key: item.key || item.name,
        children: []
      }
    
      // 迭代 list， 找到当前菜单相符合的所有子菜单
      listToTree(list, child.children, item.id)
      // 删掉不存在 children 值的属性
      if (child.children.length <= 0) {
        delete child.children
      }
      // 加入到树中
      tree.push(child)
    }
  })
}

最终生成的 路由数据

{
    path: '/',
    name: 'index',
    component: BasicLayout,
    meta: { title: 'menu.home' },
    redirect: '/dashboard/workplace',
    children: [
      // dashboard
      {
        path: '/dashboard',
        name: 'dashboard',
        redirect: '/dashboard/workplace',
        component: RouteView,
        meta: { title: 'menu.dashboard', keepAlive: true, icon: bxAnaalyse, permission: [ 'dashboard' ] },
        children: [
          {
            path: '/dashboard/analysis/:pageNo([1-9]\\d*)?',
            name: 'Analysis',
            component: () => import('@/views/dashboard/Analysis'),
            meta: { title: 'menu.dashboard.analysis', keepAlive: false, permission: [ 'dashboard' ] }
          },
          // 外部链接
          {
            path: 'https://www.baidu.com/',
            name: 'Monitor',
            meta: { title: 'menu.dashboard.monitor', target: '_blank' }
          },
          {
            path: '/dashboard/workplace',
            name: 'Workplace',
            component: () => import('@/views/dashboard/Workplace'),
            meta: { title: 'menu.dashboard.workplace', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'dashboard' ] }
          }
        ]
      },

      // forms
      {
        path: '/form',
        redirect: '/form/base-form',
        component: RouteView,
        meta: { title: '表单页', icon: 'form', permission: [ 'form' ] },
        children: [
          {
            path: '/form/base-form',
            name: 'BaseForm',
            component: () => import('@/views/form/basicForm'),
            meta: { title: '基础表单', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'form' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/form/step-form',
            name: 'StepForm',
            component: () => import('@/views/form/stepForm/StepForm'),
            meta: { title: '分步表单', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'form' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/form/advanced-form',
            name: 'AdvanceForm',
            component: () => import('@/views/form/advancedForm/AdvancedForm'),
            meta: { title: '高级表单', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'form' ] }
          }
        ]
      },

      // list
      {
        path: '/list',
        name: 'list',
        component: RouteView,
        redirect: '/list/table-list',
        meta: { title: '列表页', icon: 'table', permission: [ 'table' ] },
        children: [
          {
            path: '/list/table-list/:pageNo([1-9]\\d*)?',
            name: 'TableListWrapper',
            hideChildrenInMenu: true, // 强制显示 MenuItem 而不是 SubMenu
            component: () => import('@/views/list/TableList'),
            meta: { title: '查询表格', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'table' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/list/basic-list',
            name: 'BasicList',
            component: () => import('@/views/list/BasicList'),
            meta: { title: '标准列表', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'table' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/list/card',
            name: 'CardList',
            component: () => import('@/views/list/CardList'),
            meta: { title: '卡片列表', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'table' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/list/search',
            name: 'SearchList',
            component: () => import('@/views/list/search/SearchLayout'),
            redirect: '/list/search/article',
            meta: { title: '搜索列表', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'table' ] },
            children: [
              {
                path: '/list/search/article',
                name: 'SearchArticles',
                component: () => import('../views/list/search/Article'),
                meta: { title: '搜索列表（文章）', permission: [ 'table' ] }
              },
              {
                path: '/list/search/project',
                name: 'SearchProjects',
                component: () => import('../views/list/search/Projects'),
                meta: { title: '搜索列表（项目）', permission: [ 'table' ] }
              },
              {
                path: '/list/search/application',
                name: 'SearchApplications',
                component: () => import('../views/list/search/Applications'),
                meta: { title: '搜索列表（应用）', permission: [ 'table' ] }
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },

      // profile
      {
        path: '/profile',
        name: 'profile',
        component: RouteView,
        redirect: '/profile/basic',
        meta: { title: '详情页', icon: 'profile', permission: [ 'profile' ] },
        children: [
          {
            path: '/profile/basic',
            name: 'ProfileBasic',
            component: () => import('@/views/profile/basic'),
            meta: { title: '基础详情页', permission: [ 'profile' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/profile/advanced',
            name: 'ProfileAdvanced',
            component: () => import('@/views/profile/advanced/Advanced'),
            meta: { title: '高级详情页', permission: [ 'profile' ] }
          }
        ]
      },

      // result
      {
        path: '/result',
        name: 'result',
        component: RouteView,
        redirect: '/result/success',
        meta: { title: '结果页', icon: 'check-circle-o', permission: [ 'result' ] },
        children: [
          {
            path: '/result/success',
            name: 'ResultSuccess',
            component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "result" */ '@/views/result/Success'),
            meta: { title: '成功', keepAlive: false, hiddenHeaderContent: true, permission: [ 'result' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/result/fail',
            name: 'ResultFail',
            component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "result" */ '@/views/result/Error'),
            meta: { title: '失败', keepAlive: false, hiddenHeaderContent: true, permission: [ 'result' ] }
          }
        ]
      },

      // Exception
      {
        path: '/exception',
        name: 'exception',
        component: RouteView,
        redirect: '/exception/403',
        meta: { title: '异常页', icon: 'warning', permission: [ 'exception' ] },
        children: [
          {
            path: '/exception/403',
            name: 'Exception403',
            component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "fail" */ '@/views/exception/403'),
            meta: { title: '403', permission: [ 'exception' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/exception/404',
            name: 'Exception404',
            component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "fail" */ '@/views/exception/404'),
            meta: { title: '404', permission: [ 'exception' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/exception/500',
            name: 'Exception500',
            component: () => import(/* webpackChunkName: "fail" */ '@/views/exception/500'),
            meta: { title: '500', permission: [ 'exception' ] }
          }
        ]
      },

      // account
      {
        path: '/account',
        component: RouteView,
        redirect: '/account/center',
        name: 'account',
        meta: { title: '个人页', icon: 'user', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'user' ] },
        children: [
          {
            path: '/account/center',
            name: 'center',
            component: () => import('@/views/account/center'),
            meta: { title: '个人中心', keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'user' ] }
          },
          {
            path: '/account/settings',
            name: 'settings',
            component: () => import('@/views/account/settings/Index'),
            meta: { title: '个人设置', hideHeader: true, permission: [ 'user' ] },
            redirect: '/account/settings/base',
            hideChildrenInMenu: true,
            children: [
              {
                path: '/account/settings/base',
                name: 'BaseSettings',
                component: () => import('@/views/account/settings/BaseSetting'),
                meta: { title: '基本设置', hidden: true, permission: [ 'user' ] }
              },
              {
                path: '/account/settings/security',
                name: 'SecuritySettings',
                component: () => import('@/views/account/settings/Security'),
                meta: { title: '安全设置', hidden: true, keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'user' ] }
              },
              {
                path: '/account/settings/custom',
                name: 'CustomSettings',
                component: () => import('@/views/account/settings/Custom'),
                meta: { title: '个性化设置', hidden: true, keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'user' ] }
              },
              {
                path: '/account/settings/binding',
                name: 'BindingSettings',
                component: () => import('@/views/account/settings/Binding'),
                meta: { title: '账户绑定', hidden: true, keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'user' ] }
              },
              {
                path: '/account/settings/notification',
                name: 'NotificationSettings',
                component: () => import('@/views/account/settings/Notification'),
                meta: { title: '新消息通知', hidden: true, keepAlive: true, permission: [ 'user' ] }
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }

前端页面显示