本篇博文介绍一些常用的LaTeX符号,方便使用时查询。
1.操作符
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
±
\pm
± | \pm |
∓
\mp
∓ | \mp |
×
\times
× | \times |
÷
\div
÷ | \div |
⋅
\cdot
⋅ | \cdot |
∗
\ast
∗ | \ast |
⋆
\star
⋆ | \star |
†
\dagger
† | \dagger |
‡
\ddagger
‡ | \ddagger |
⨿
\amalg
⨿ | \amalg |
∩
\cap
∩ | \cap |
∪
\cup
∪ | \cup |
⊎
\uplus
⊎ | \uplus |
⊓
\sqcap
⊓ | \sqcap |
⊔
\sqcup
⊔ | \sqcup |
∨
\vee
∨ | \vee |
∧
\wedge
∧ | \wedge |
⊕
\oplus
⊕ | \oplus |
⊖
\ominus
⊖ | \ominus |
⊗
\otimes
⊗ | \otimes |
∘
\circ
∘ | \circ |
∙
\bullet
∙ | \bullet |
⋄
\diamond
⋄ | \diamond |
⊲
\lhd
⊲ | \lhd |
⊳
\rhd
⊳ | \rhd |
⊴
\unlhd
⊴ | \unlhd |
⊵
\unrhd
⊵ | \unrhd |
⊘
\oslash
⊘ | \oslash |
⊙
\odot
⊙ | \odot |
◯
\bigcirc
◯ | \bigcirc |
◃
\triangleleft
◃ | \triangleleft |
◊
\Diamond
◊ | \Diamond |
△
\bigtriangleup
△ | \bigtriangleup |
▽
\bigtriangledown
▽ | \bigtriangledown |
□
\Box
□ | \Box |
▹
\triangleright
▹ | \triangleright |
$\setminus $ | \setminus |
≀
\wr
≀ | \wr |
x
\sqrt{x}
x
| \sqrt{x} |
x
∘
x^{\circ}
x∘ | x^{\circ} |
▽
\triangledown
▽ | \triangledown |
x
n
\sqrt[n]{x}
nx
| \sqrt[n]{x} |
a
x
a^x
ax | a^x |
a
x
y
z
a^{xyz}
axyz | a^{xyz} | | |
2.关系符
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
≤
\le
≤ | \le |
≥
\ge
≥ | \ge |
≠
\neq
= | \neq |
∼
\sim
∼ | \sim |
≪
\ll
≪ | \ll |
≫
\gg
≫ | \gg |
≐
\doteq
≐ | \doteq |
≃
\simeq
≃ | \simeq |
⊂
\subset
⊂ | \subset |
⊃
\supset
⊃ | \supset |
≈
\approx
≈ | \approx |
≍
\asymp
≍ | \asymp |
⊆
\subseteq
⊆ | \subseteq |
⊇
\supseteq
⊇ | \supseteq |
≅
\cong
≅ | \cong |
⌣
\smile
⌣ | \smile |
⊏
\sqsubset
⊏ | \sqsubset |
⊐
\sqsupset
⊐ | \sqsupset |
≡
\equiv
≡ | \equiv |
⌢
\frown
⌢ | \frown |
⊑
\sqsubseteq
⊑ | \sqsubseteq |
⊒
\sqsupseteq
⊒ | \sqsupseteq |
∝
\propto
∝ | \propto |
⋈
\bowtie
⋈ | \bowtie |
∈
\in
∈ | \in |
∋
\ni
∋ | \ni |
≺
\prec
≺ | \prec |
≻
\succ
≻ | \succ |
⊢
\vdash
⊢ | \vdash |
⊣
\dashv
⊣ | \dashv |
⪯
\preceq
⪯ | \preceq |
⪰
\succeq
⪰ | \succeq |
⊨
\models
⊨ | \models |
⊥
\perp
⊥ | \perp |
∥
\parallel
∥ | \parallel | | |
∣
\mid
∣ | \mid |
≏
\bumpeq
≏ | \bumpeq | \ | |
只要将not放在符号前面或者在 \ 和单词之间插入一个 n ,就可以形成许多这些关系的否定形式,这里有一些例子,加上一些其他的否定,它也适用于许多其他的。
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
∤
\nmid
∤ | \nmid |
≰
\nleq
≰ | \nleq |
≱
\ngeq
≱ | \ngeq |
≁
\nsim
≁ | \nsim |
≆
\ncong
≆ | \ncong |
∦
\nparallel
∦ | \nparallel |
≮
\not<
< | \not< |
≯
\not>
> | \not> |
≠
\not=
= | \not= or \neq |
≰
\not\le
≤ | \not\le |
≱
\not\ge
≥ | \not\ge |
≁
\not\sim
∼ | \not\sim |
≉
\not \approx
≈ | \not\approx |
≇
\not\cong
≅ | \not\cong |
≢
\not\equiv
≡ | \not\equiv |
∦
\not\parallel
∥ | \not\parallel |
≮
\nless
≮ | \nless |
≯
\ngtr
≯ | \ngtr |
⪇
\lneq
⪇ | \lneq |
⪈
\gneq
⪈ | \gneq |
⋦
\lnsim
⋦ | \lnsim |
≨
\lneqq
≨ | \lneqq |
≩
\gneqq
≩ | \gneqq | | |
3.希腊字母
小写
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
α
\alpha
α | \alpha |
β
\beta
β | \beta |
γ
\gamma
γ | \gamma |
δ
\delta
δ | \delta |
ϵ
\epsilon
ϵ | \epsilon |
ε
\varepsilon
ε | \varepsilon |
ζ
\zeta
ζ | \zeta |
η
\eta
η | \eta |
θ
\theta
θ | \theta |
ϑ
\vartheta
ϑ | \vartheta |
ι
\iota
ι | \iota |
κ
\kappa
κ | \kappa |
λ
\lambda
λ | \lambda |
μ
\mu
μ | \mu |
ν
\nu
ν | \nu |
ξ
\xi
ξ | \xi |
π
\pi
π | \pi |
ϖ
\varpi
ϖ | \varpi |
ρ
\rho
ρ | \rho |
ϱ
\varrho
ϱ | \varrho |
σ
\sigma
σ | \sigma |
ς
\varsigma
ς | \varsigma |
τ
\tau
τ | \tau |
υ
\upsilon
υ | \upsilon |
ϕ
\phi
ϕ | \phi |
φ
\varphi
φ | \varphi |
χ
\chi
χ | \chi |
ψ
\psi
ψ | \psi |
ω
\omega
ω | \omega | | | | | | |
大写
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
Γ
\Gamma
Γ | \Gamma |
Δ
\Delta
Δ | \Delta |
Θ
\Theta
Θ | \Theta |
Λ
\Lambda
Λ | \Lambda |
Ξ
\Xi
Ξ | \Xi |
Π
\Pi
Π | \Pi |
Σ
\Sigma
Σ | \Sigma |
Υ
\Upsilon
Υ | \Upsilon |
Φ
\Phi
Φ | \Phi |
Ψ
\Psi
Ψ | \Psi |
Ω
\Omega
Ω | \Omega |
∇
\nabla
∇ | \nabla |
加粗
在公式中的字母加粗:
Symbol | Command |
---|
m
\bold m
m | $ \bold m $ |
空心字母
Symbol | Command |
---|
M
\mathbb{M}
M | $ \mathbb{M} $ |
R
\mathbb{R}
R | $ \mathbb{R} $ |
4.箭头
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
←
\gets
← | \gets |
→
\to
→ | \to |
←
\leftarrow
← | \leftarrow |
⇐
\Leftarrow
⇐ | \Leftarrow |
→
\rightarrow
→ | \rightarrow |
⇒
\Rightarrow
⇒ | \Rightarrow |
↔
\leftrightarrow
↔ | \leftrightarrow |
⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇔ | \Leftrightarrow |
↦
\mapsto
↦ | \mapsto |
↩
\hookleftarrow
↩ | \hookleftarrow |
↼
\leftharpoonup
↼ | \leftharpoonup |
↽
\leftharpoondown
↽ | \leftharpoondown |
⇌
\rightleftharpoons
⇌ | \rightleftharpoons |
⟵
\longleftarrow
⟵ | \longleftarrow |
⟸
\Longleftarrow
⟸ | \Longleftarrow |
⟶
\longrightarrow
⟶ | \longrightarrow |
⟹
\Longrightarrow
⟹ | \Longrightarrow |
⟷
\longleftrightarrow
⟷ | \longleftrightarrow |
⟺
\Longleftrightarrow
⟺ | \Longleftrightarrow |
⟼
\longmapsto
⟼ | \longmapsto |
↪
\hookrightarrow
↪ | \hookrightarrow |
⇀
\rightharpoonup
⇀ | \rightharpoonup |
⇁
\rightharpoondown
⇁ | \rightharpoondown |
⇝
\leadsto
⇝ | \leadsto |
↑
\uparrow
↑ | \uparrow |
⇑
\Uparrow
⇑ | \Uparrow |
↓
\downarrow
↓ | \downarrow |
⇓
\Downarrow
⇓ | \Downarrow |
↕
\updownarrow
↕ | \updownarrow |
⇕
\Updownarrow
⇕ | \Updownarrow |
↗
\nearrow
↗ | \nearrow |
↘
\searrow
↘ | \searrow |
↙
\swarrow
↙ | \swarrow |
↖
\nwarrow
↖ | \nwarrow |
(对于不喜欢键入长串字母的人,\iff和\implies可以分别替代\Longleftrightarrow和\ longrighttarrow)
5.点
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
⋅
\cdot
⋅ | \cdot |
⋮
\vdots
⋮ | \vdots |
…
\dots
… | \dots |
⋱
\ddots
⋱ | \ddots |
⋯
\cdots
⋯ | \cdots | KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \iddots at position 1: \̲i̲d̲d̲o̲t̲s̲ | \iddots |
6.上标
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
x
^
\hat{x}
x^ | \hat{x} |
x
ˇ
\check{x}
xˇ | \check{x} |
x
˙
\dot{x}
x˙ | \dot{x} |
x
˘
\breve{x}
x˘ | \breve{x} |
x
ˊ
\acute{x}
xˊ | \acute{x} |
x
¨
\ddot{x}
x¨ | \ddot{x} |
x
ˋ
\grave{x}
xˋ | \grave{x} |
x
~
\tilde{x}
x~ | \tilde{x} |
x
˚
\mathring{x}
x˚ | \mathring{x} |
x
ˉ
\bar{x}
xˉ | \bar{x} |
x
⃗
\vec{x}
x
| \vec{x} | | |
当对i和j应用上标时,可以使用\imath和\jmath来防止点干扰上标:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
ȷ
⃗
\vec{\jmath}
ȷ
| \vec{\jmath} |
ı
~
\tilde{\imath}
ı~ | \tilde{\imath} |
\tilde和\hat有很宽的版本,可以让你强调一个表达:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
7
+
x
^
\widehat{7+x}
7+x
| \widehat{7+x} |
a
b
c
~
\widetilde{abc}
abc
| \widetilde{abc} |
7.其他
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
∞
\infty
∞ | \infty |
△
\triangle
△ | \triangle |
∠
\angle
∠ | \angle |
ℵ
\aleph
ℵ | \aleph |
ℏ
\hbar
ℏ | \hbar |
ı
\imath
ı | \imath |
ȷ
\jmath
ȷ | \jmath |
ℓ
\ell
ℓ | \ell |
℘
\wp
℘ | \wp |
ℜ
\Re
ℜ | \Re |
ℑ
\Im
ℑ | \Im |
℧
\mho
℧ | \mho |
′
\prime
′ | \prime |
∅
\emptyset
∅ | \emptyset |
∇
\nabla
∇ | \nabla |
√
\surd
√ | \surd |
∂
\partial
∂ | \partial |
⊤
\top
⊤ | \top |
⊥
\bot
⊥ | \bot |
⊢
\vdash
⊢ | \vdash |
⊣
\dashv
⊣ | \dashv |
∀
\forall
∀ | \forall |
∃
\exists
∃ | \exists |
¬
\neg
¬ | \neg |
♭
\flat
♭ | \flat |
♮
\natural
♮ | \natural |
♯
\sharp
♯ | \sharp |
\
\backslash
\ | \backslash |
□
\Box
□ | \Box |
◊
\Diamond
◊ | \Diamond |
♣
\clubsuit
♣ | \clubsuit |
♢
\diamondsuit
♢ | \diamondsuit |
♡
\heartsuit
♡ | \heartsuit |
♠
\spadesuit
♠ | \spadesuit |
⋈
\Join
⋈ | \Join |
■
\blacksquare
■ | \blacksquare |
✓
\checkmark
✓ | \checkmark |
R
\mathbb{R}
R | \mathbb{R} |
©
\copyright
c◯ | \copyright |
£
\pounds
£ | \pounds |
□
\square
□ | \square |
∪
\cup
∪ | \cup |
★
\bigstar
★ | \bigstar |
∈
\in
∈ | \in | | |
8.命令符
有些符号用于命令中,因此需要以特殊的方式处理它们。
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
\
\backslash
\ | \backslash |
&
\&
& | \& |
%
\%
% | \% |
#
\#
# | \# |
_
\_
_ | \_ |
{
\{
{ | \{ |
}
\}
} | \} | | |
您可能会注意到,如果使用其中任何一个来排版垂直较大的表达式,比如
(\frac{a}{x} )^2
得到的表达式的括号的大小不对
(
a
x
)
2
(\frac{a} {x} )^2
(xa)2
如果我们把\left和\right放在相关的括号前,我们会得到一个更漂亮的表达式:
\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2 会得到
(
a
x
)
2
\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2
(xa)2
9.跨行或跨列的符号:
symbol | command |
---|
{
x
+
y
=
3
2
x
+
y
=
5
\left\{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\\2x+y=5\end{array}\right.
{x+y=32x+y=5 | \left{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\2x+y=5\end{array}\right. |
⌈
x
y
⌉
\left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil
⌈yx⌉ | \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil |
⌊
x
y
⌋
\left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor
⌊yx⌋ | \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor |
a
0
+
a
1
+
a
2
+
⋯
+
a
n
⏟
x
\underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x}
x
a0+a1+a2+⋯+an | \underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x} |
a
0
+
a
1
+
a
2
+
⋯
+
a
n
⏞
x
\overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x}
a0+a1+a2+⋯+an
x | \overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x} |
arg
m
a
x
1
≤
k
≤
n
λ
k
λ
k
+
1
\arg \underset{1\leq k \leq n} {max} \frac{\lambda_k}{\lambda_{k+1}}
arg1≤k≤nmaxλk+1λk | \arg \underset{1\leq k \leq n} {max} \frac{\lambda_k}{\lambda_{k+1}} |
\left和\right也可以用来调整下列符号的大小:
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
↑
\uparrow
↑ | \uparrow |
↓
\downarrow
↓ | \downarrow |
↕
\updownarrow
↕ | \updownarrow |
⇑
\Uparrow
⇑ | \Uparrow |
⇓
\Downarrow
⇓ | \Downarrow |
⇕
\Updownarrow
⇕ | \Updownarrow |
Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command | Symbol | Command |
---|
∑
\sum
∑ | \sum |
∫
\int
∫ | \int |
∮
\oint
∮ | \oint |
∏
\prod
∏ | \prod |
∐
\coprod
∐ | \coprod |
⋂
\bigcap
⋂ | \bigcap |
⋃
\bigcup
⋃ | \bigcup |
⨆
\bigsqcup
⨆ | \bigsqcup |
⋁
\bigvee
⋁ | \bigvee |
⋀
\bigwedge
⋀ | \bigwedge |
⨀
\bigodot
⨀ | \bigodot |
⨂
\bigotimes
⨂ | \bigotimes |
⨁
\bigoplus
⨁ | \bigoplus |
⨄
\biguplus
⨄ | \biguplus | | |
换行符号 ’ \\’ 与空格符号’\quad’
Symbol | Command |
---|
a
=
1
b
=
2
a=1\\b=2
a=1b=2 | $ a=1 \\ b=2 $ |
a
b
a \qquad b
ab | $ a \qquad b $ |
a
b
a \quad b
ab | $ a \quad b $ |
a
b
a \ b
a b | $ a\ b $ |
a
b
a \; b
ab | $ a; b $ |
a
b
a \, b
ab | $ a\ b $ |
a
b
ab
ab | $ ab $ |
a
b
a \! b
ab | $ a! b $ |
参考:
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/LaTeX:Symbols
https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/LaTeX:Commands
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