1 启动MySQL

docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql04 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

2 进入容器

[root@zhangyu sbin]# docker exec -it mysql04 /bin/bash

mysql04指定的–name

3 进入mysql

root@e34aba02c0c3:/# mysql -uroot -p123456

4 查看数据库字符集

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                         |
| character_set_connection | latin1                         |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | latin1                         |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+

默认是瑞典latin1

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value              |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci  |
| collation_database   | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+----------------------+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

connection 就是我们通过客户端连接的时候指定的编码。 外部访问数据乱码的问题就出在这个connection连接层上

5 修改为utf-8

mysql> SET NAMES 'utf8';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value              |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci    |
| collation_database   | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+----------------------+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SET NAMES 'utf8';它相当于下面的三句指令：

SET character_set_client = utf8;
SET character_set_results = utf8;
SET character_set_connection = utf8;

6 修改配置文件

1. 进入容器

[root@zhangyu ~]# docker exec -it mysql04 /bin/bash

2. 进入配置文件目录

root@e34aba02c0c3:/# cd /etc/mysql

root@e34aba02c0c3:/etc/mysql# ls
conf.d  my.cnf  my.cnf.fallback

root@e34aba02c0c3:/etc/mysql# vim my.cnf
bash: vim: command not found

vim: command not found ,需要安装vim
3. 安装vim

root@e34aba02c0c3:/etc/mysql# apt-get update

root@e34aba02c0c3:/etc/mysql# apt-get install vim

4.修改my.cnf

• [mysqld] 标签下加上2行

default-character-set = utf8
character_set_server = utf8

• [mysql] 标签下加上一行
  default-character-set = utf8

• [mysql.server]标签下加上一行
  default-character-set = utf8

• [mysqld_safe]标签下加上一行

  default-character-set = utf8

• [client]标签下加上一行

  default-character-set = utf8

7 查看是否成功

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                           |
| character_set_connection | utf8                           |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8                           |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8                           |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+

和上面对比已经成功修改。

• 查看表检查是否成功

mysql> select * from department;
+----+----------------+
| id | departmentName |
+----+----------------+
|  1 | 业务部      |
|  2 | 前台部      |
+----+----------------+

ok.