命令行

查看所有命令行参数 

[root@281dee6aacee prometheus-2.3.2.linux-amd64]# ./prometheus -h
usage: prometheus [<flags>]

The Prometheus monitoring server

Flags:
  -h, --help                     Show context-sensitive help (also try --help-long and
                                 --help-man).
      --version                  Show application version.
      --config.file="prometheus.yml"  
                                 Prometheus configuration file path.
      --web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:9090"  
                                 Address to listen on for UI, API, and telemetry.
      --web.read-timeout=5m      Maximum duration before timing out read of the request, and
                                 closing idle connections.
      --web.max-connections=512  Maximum number of simultaneous connections.
      --web.external-url=<URL>   The URL under which Prometheus is externally reachable (for
                                 example, if Prometheus is served via a reverse proxy). Used for
                                 generating relative and absolute links back to Prometheus
                                 itself. If the URL has a path portion, it will be used to
                                 prefix all HTTP endpoints served by Prometheus. If omitted,
                                 relevant URL components will be derived automatically.
      --web.route-prefix=<path>  Prefix for the internal routes of web endpoints. Defaults to
                                 path of --web.external-url.
      --web.user-assets=<path>   Path to static asset directory, available at /user.
      --web.enable-lifecycle     Enable shutdown and reload via HTTP request.
      --web.enable-admin-api     Enable API endpoints for admin control actions.
      --web.console.templates="consoles"  
                                 Path to the console template directory, available at /consoles.
      --web.console.libraries="console_libraries"  
                                 Path to the console library directory.
      --storage.tsdb.path="data/"  
                                 Base path for metrics storage.
      --storage.tsdb.retention=15d  
                                 How long to retain samples in storage.
      --storage.tsdb.no-lockfile  
                                 Do not create lockfile in data directory.
      --storage.remote.flush-deadline=<duration>  
                                 How long to wait flushing sample on shutdown or config reload.
      --alertmanager.notification-queue-capacity=10000  
                                 The capacity of the queue for pending Alertmanager
                                 notifications.
      --alertmanager.timeout=10s  
                                 Timeout for sending alerts to Alertmanager.
      --query.lookback-delta=5m  The delta difference allowed for retrieving metrics during
                                 expression evaluations.
      --query.timeout=2m         Maximum time a query may take before being aborted.
      --query.max-concurrency=20  
                                 Maximum number of queries executed concurrently.
      --log.level=info           Only log messages with the given severity or above. One of:
                                 [debug, info, warn, error]

 reload配置文件

发送SIGHUP信号或当--web.enable-lifecycle命令行参数启用时访问uri:/-/reload

curl -X POST -s -w %{http_code} 'http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload' 

配置文件

指定配置文件通过命令行参数 --config.file

global:全局配置，其他配置块的默认配置

global:
  # How frequently to scrape targets by default.
  [ scrape_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ]

  # How long until a scrape request times out.
  [ scrape_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s ]

  # How frequently to evaluate rules.
  [ evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ]

  # The labels to add to any time series or alerts when communicating with
  # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager).
  external_labels:
    [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ... ]

scrape_config:定义监控项

既可以通过静态指定，也可以通过服务发现。

# The job name assigned to scraped metrics by default.
job_name: <job_name>

# How frequently to scrape targets from this job.
[ scrape_interval: <duration> | default = <global_config.scrape_interval> ]

# Per-scrape timeout when scraping this job.
[ scrape_timeout: <duration> | default = <global_config.scrape_timeout> ]

# The HTTP resource path on which to fetch metrics from targets.
[ metrics_path: <path> | default = /metrics ]

# honor_labels controls how Prometheus handles conflicts between labels that are
# already present in scraped data and labels that Prometheus would attach
# server-side ("job" and "instance" labels, manually configured target
# labels, and labels generated by service discovery implementations).
#
# If honor_labels is set to "true", label conflicts are resolved by keeping label
# values from the scraped data and ignoring the conflicting server-side labels.
#
# If honor_labels is set to "false", label conflicts are resolved by renaming
# conflicting labels in the scraped data to "exported_<original-label>" (for
# example "exported_instance", "exported_job") and then attaching server-side
# labels. This is useful for use cases such as federation, where all labels
# specified in the target should be preserved.
#
# Note that any globally configured "external_labels" are unaffected by this
# setting. In communication with external systems, they are always applied only
# when a time series does not have a given label yet and are ignored otherwise.
[ honor_labels: <boolean> | default = false ]

# Configures the protocol scheme used for requests.
[ scheme: <scheme> | default = http ]

# Optional HTTP URL parameters.
params:
  [ <string>: [<string>, ...] ]

# Sets the `Authorization` header on every scrape request with the
# configured username and password.
# password and password_file are mutually exclusive.
basic_auth:
  [ username: <string> ]
  [ password: <secret> ]
  [ password_file: <string> ]

# Sets the `Authorization` header on every scrape request with
# the configured bearer token. It is mutually exclusive with `bearer_token_file`.
[ bearer_token: <secret> ]

# Sets the `Authorization` header on every scrape request with the bearer token
# read from the configured file. It is mutually exclusive with `bearer_token`.
[ bearer_token_file: /path/to/bearer/token/file ]

# Configures the scrape request's TLS settings.
tls_config:
  [ <tls_config> ]

# Optional proxy URL.
[ proxy_url: <string> ]

# List of Azure service discovery configurations.
azure_sd_configs:
  [ - <azure_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Consul service discovery configurations.
consul_sd_configs:
  [ - <consul_sd_config> ... ]

# List of DNS service discovery configurations.
dns_sd_configs:
  [ - <dns_sd_config> ... ]

# List of EC2 service discovery configurations.
ec2_sd_configs:
  [ - <ec2_sd_config> ... ]

# List of OpenStack service discovery configurations.
openstack_sd_configs:
  [ - <openstack_sd_config> ... ]

# List of file service discovery configurations.
file_sd_configs:
  [ - <file_sd_config> ... ]

# List of GCE service discovery configurations.
gce_sd_configs:
  [ - <gce_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Kubernetes service discovery configurations.
kubernetes_sd_configs:
  [ - <kubernetes_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Marathon service discovery configurations.
marathon_sd_configs:
  [ - <marathon_sd_config> ... ]

# List of AirBnB's Nerve service discovery configurations.
nerve_sd_configs:
  [ - <nerve_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Zookeeper Serverset service discovery configurations.
serverset_sd_configs:
  [ - <serverset_sd_config> ... ]

# List of Triton service discovery configurations.
triton_sd_configs:
  [ - <triton_sd_config> ... ]

# List of labeled statically configured targets for this job.
static_configs:
  [ - <static_config> ... ]

# List of target relabel configurations.
relabel_configs:
  [ - <relabel_config> ... ]

# List of metric relabel configurations.
metric_relabel_configs:
  [ - <relabel_config> ... ]

# Per-scrape limit on number of scraped samples that will be accepted.
# If more than this number of samples are present after metric relabelling
# the entire scrape will be treated as failed. 0 means no limit.
[ sample_limit: <int> | default = 0 ]

下面挑几个常用的。

<static_config>

# The targets specified by the static config.
targets:
  [ - '<host>' ]

# Labels assigned to all metrics scraped from the targets.
labels:
  [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ... ]

<kubernetes_sd_config>

配置从kubernetes的rest api中检索到需要采集对象，并与集群状态保持同步。 

例子：

# The information to access the Kubernetes API.

# The API server addresses. If left empty, Prometheus is assumed to run inside
# of the cluster and will discover API servers automatically and use the pod's
# CA certificate and bearer token file at /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/.
[ api_server: <host> ]

# The Kubernetes role of entities that should be discovered.
role: <role>

# Optional authentication information used to authenticate to the API server.
# Note that `basic_auth`, `bearer_token` and `bearer_token_file` options are
# mutually exclusive.
# password and password_file are mutually exclusive.

# Optional HTTP basic authentication information.
basic_auth:
  [ username: <string> ]
  [ password: <secret> ]
  [ password_file: <string> ]

# Optional bearer token authentication information.
[ bearer_token: <secret> ]

# Optional bearer token file authentication information.
[ bearer_token_file: <filename> ]

# TLS configuration.
tls_config:
  [ <tls_config> ]

# Optional namespace discovery. If omitted, all namespaces are used.
namespaces:
  names:
    [ - <string> ]

<relabel_config>

动态重写label。

<alertmanager_config>

用于配置alertmanager报警。