微服务架构——路由网关Spring Cloud Gateway
一、概述1.关于Spring Cloud FinchleySpring Cloud Finchley是6月19日Spring官方正式发布GA版本,Finchley.Release支持了Spring Boot2.0,要求起步JDK8,支持JDK9,Finchley版本带了新的子项目,包括对原先版本的子项目的升级,原先支持的组件现在已经全部为2.0.0.Release,并且在官方的版本生命周期公告中说
一、概述
1.关于Spring Cloud Finchley
Spring Cloud Finchley是6月19日Spring官方正式发布GA版本,Finchley.Release支持了Spring Boot2.0,要求起步JDK8,支持JDK9,Finchley版本带了新的子项目,包括对原先版本的子项目的升级,原先支持的组件现在已经全部为2.0.0.Release,并且在官方的版本生命周期公告中说明,Camden release已经到了终止状态,Dalston release将于2018年12月结束,Edgware release将遵循Spring Boot 1.5.x系列的生命周期结束。Spring Boot2.0的新特性本文不再赘述,本文主要介绍Spring Cloud新的开源子项目Spring Cloud Gateway。
2.关于Spring Cloud Gateway
Spring Cloud Gateway是由spring官方基于Spring5.0,Spring Boot2.0,Project Reactor等技术开发的网关,目的是代替原先版本中的Spring Cloud Netfilx Zuul,目前Netfilx已经开源了Zuul2.0,但Spring 没有考虑集成,而是推出了自己开发的Spring Cloud GateWay。该项目提供了一个构建在Spring Ecosystem之上的API网关,旨在提供一种简单而有效的途径来发送API,并向他们提供交叉关注点,例如:安全性,监控/指标和弹性.
二、实践
以下将介绍Spring Cloud Gateway的一些重点功能和扩展方式,关于基础使用不再文中赘述,如有需要请查阅相关文档。
1.自定义GatewayFilter
GatewayFiltery有两种类型的filter,分别为pre和post类型,以下提供一个demo的配置
定义PreGatewayFilter:
public class PreGatewayFilterFactory extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory {
public PreGatewayFilterFactory() {
super(Config.class);
}
public GatewayFilter apply() {
return apply(o -> {
});
}
@Override
public GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {
// grab configuration from Config object
return (exchange, chain) -> {
//If you want to build a "pre" filter you need to manipulate the
//request before calling change.filter ServerHttpRequest.Builder builder = exchange.getRequest().mutate();
builder.header("GatewayFilter", "PreGatewayFilterFactory success");
//use builder to manipulate the request
return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(builder.build()).build());
};
}
public static class Config {
//Put the configuration properties for your filter here
}
}
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定义PostGatewayFilter:
public class PostGatewayFilterFactory extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PostGatewayFilterFactory.class);
public PostGatewayFilterFactory() {
super(Config.class);
}
public GatewayFilter apply() {
return apply(o -> {
});
}
@Override
public GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {
return (exchange, chain) -> {
logger.info("PostGatewayFilter...");
return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
//Manipulate the response in some way
}));
};
}
public static class Config {
//Put the configuration properties for your filter here
}
}
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自定义GatewayFilter需要在RouteLocator中配置为具体Route项加入,下文RouteLocator配置中会提供demo.
2.全局过滤器(GlobalFilter)
@Configuration
public class GlobalRouteFilter implements GlobalFilter {
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
ServerHttpRequest.Builder builder = exchange.getRequest().mutate();
builder.header("GlobalFilter","GlobalFilter success");
chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(builder.build()).build());
return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(builder.build()).build());
}
}
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自定义GlobalFilter只要使用了@Configuration注解或者配置为一个spring bean就会生效,不需要在RouteLocator中配置。
3.请求限流过滤器(RequestRateLimiter)
目前限流Spring Cloud提供了redis的实现,不过可以自定义RequestRateLimiter的实现。Spring Cloud提供的redis实现基于lua加redis桶实现,需要引入Redis的依赖和Redis的相关数据源配置,Redis依赖如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>
</dependency>
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Redis限流有两个参数需要配置,redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate是您希望允许用户每秒处理多少个请求,而不会丢失任何请求;redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity是用户允许在一秒钟内完成的最大请求数,这是令牌桶可以容纳的令牌的数量,将此值设置为零将阻止所有请求。
过滤器采用可选的keyResolver参数特定于限流,可选参数可以自定义设置,以下为一个根据romoteAddress的demo配置(注意需要配置为一个spring bean):
@Configuration
public class RequestRateLimiterConfig {
@Bean
public KeyResolver addressKeyResolver() {
return exchange -> Mono.just(exchange.getRequest().getRemoteAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress());
}
}
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RequestRateLimiter属于GatewayFilter Factories一种,所以需要在RouteLocator中加入为具体Route项加入或者在配置文件application.yml中配置:
如采用redis限流application.yml配置如下:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: requestratelimiter_route
uri: http://example.org
filters:
- name: RequestRateLimiter
args:
redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate: 10
redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity: 20
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如果自定义RequestRateLimiter的application.yml配置如下:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: requestratelimiter_route
uri: http://example.org
filters:
- name: RequestRateLimiter
args:
rate-limiter: "#{@myRateLimiter}"
key-resolver: "#{@userKeyResolver}"
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使用SpEL按名称引用bean。#{@ myRateLimiter}是引用名为myRateLimiter的bean的SpEL表达式。
使用RouteLocator中加入为具体Route项配置在下文RouteLocator配置中会提供demo.
4.权重路由(WeightRoutePredicateFactory)
WeightRoutePredicateFactory是一个路由断言工厂,采用分组的方式来实现权重路由,同样可以采用application.yml或者RouteLocator进行配置:
spring:
application:
name: gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: provide1
uri: http://localhost:8080/provide
predicates:
- Path=/test
- Weight=provide, 90
- id: provide2
uri: http://localhost:8081/provide
predicates:
- Path=/test
- Weight=provide, 10
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RouteLocator配置下文中会提供demo。
5.Hystrix GatewayFilter Factory、 LoadBalancerClient Filter、DiscoveryClient Route Definition Locator的使用
Spring Cloud Gateway提供的这三个功能比较重要且基本都会用到,但比较简单放一块来说明。
Hystrix GatewayFilter Factory需要引入如下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
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配置如下:
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000
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DiscoveryClient Route Definition Locatorr需要在启动类加上@EnableDiscoveryClient注解并在配置文件中添加eureka或其他注册中心的配置,并且加入如下配置
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
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eureka的依赖如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
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LoadBalancerClient Filter的使用比较简单,只需在url前加上lb,以下是这三部分综合使用的一个demo
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
routes:
- id: Hystrix
uri: lb://user
predicates:
- Path=/test/**
filters:
- name: Hystrix
args:
name: fallbackcmd
fallbackUri: forward:/fallback
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其中user是一个向注册中心注册名为user的服务。
7.Websocket Routing Filter
websocket的路由也比较简单在url前加上ws,如果还要使用LoadBalancerClient Filter和DiscoveryClient Route只需 lb:ws: //serviceid 这样写url就可以。
8.RouteLocator
Spring Cloud Gateway为了在Java中进行简单的配置,在RouteLocatorBuilder bean中定义了流畅的API,以下提供与上文相关的demo配置:
@Configuration
public class RoutesConfig {
@Autowired
private KeyResolver addressKeyResolver;
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
//权重路由
.route(r->r.weight("provide",90).and().path("/test/weight").filters(f -> f.retry(3).filter(new PreGatewayFilterFactory().apply()).filter(new PostGatewayFilterFactory().apply()).requestRateLimiter().rateLimiter(RedisRateLimiter.class,config -> config.setBurstCapacity(1).setReplenishRate(1)).configure(config -> config.setKeyResolver(addressKeyResolver)).stripPrefix(1).hystrix(config -> config.setFallbackUri("forward:/fallback").setName("fallbackcmd"))).uri("http://localhost:3001/test/weight"))
.route(r->r.weight("provide",5).and().path("/test/weight").filters(f -> f.retry(3).filter(new PreGatewayFilterFactory().apply()).filter(new PostGatewayFilterFactory().apply()).requestRateLimiter().rateLimiter(RedisRateLimiter.class,config -> config.setBurstCapacity(1).setReplenishRate(1)).configure(config -> config.setKeyResolver(addressKeyResolver)).stripPrefix(1).hystrix(config -> config.setFallbackUri("forward:/fallback").setName("fallbackcmd"))).uri("http://localhost:3002/test/weight"))
//集成了可能会用到的各种filter
.route(r -> r.path("/test/**").filters(f -> f.retry(3).filter(new PreGatewayFilterFactory().apply()).filter(new PostGatewayFilterFactory().apply()).requestRateLimiter().rateLimiter(RedisRateLimiter.class,config -> config.setBurstCapacity(1).setReplenishRate(1)).configure(config -> config.setKeyResolver(addressKeyResolver)).stripPrefix(1).hystrix(config -> config.setFallbackUri("forward:/fallback").setName("fallbackcmd"))).uri("lb://user"))
.build();
}
}
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