SpringCloud(第 017 篇)电影微服务接入Feign,添加 fallbackFactory 属性来触发请求进行容灾降级

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一、大致介绍

1、在一些场景中,简单的触发在 FeignClient 加入 Fallback 属性即可,而另外有一些场景需要访问导致回退触发的原因,那么这个时候可以在 FeignClient 中加入 FallbackFactory 属性即可;
2、而在使用 Fallback 和 FallbackFactory 时候,我仅仅表述个人观点,发现二者混合一起用的话,会发生冲突情况,所以大家用的时候注重考虑一下场景,二者属性用其一即可。

二、实现步骤

2.1 添加 maven 引用包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.springms.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springms-spring-cloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- web模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 客户端发现模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Java HTTP 客户端开发的工具的模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Hystrix 模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2.2 添加应用配置文件(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\resources\application.yml)

spring:
  application:
    name: springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory
server:
  port: 8115
eureka:
  client:
#    healthcheck:
#      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://admin:admin@localhost:8761/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}


# 解决第一次请求报超时异常的方案,因为 hystrix 的默认超时时间是 1 秒,因此请求超过该时间后,就会出现页面超时显示 :
#
# 这里就介绍大概三种方式来解决超时的问题,解决方案如下:
#
# 第一种方式:将 hystrix 的超时时间设置成 5000 毫秒
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000
#
# 或者:
# 第二种方式:将 hystrix 的超时时间直接禁用掉,这样就没有超时的一说了,因为永远也不会超时了
# hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled: false
#
# 或者:
# 第三种方式:索性禁用feign的hystrix支持
# feign.hystrix.enabled: false ## 索性禁用feign的hystrix支持

# 超时的issue:https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-netflix/issues/768
# 超时的解决方案: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27375557/hystrix-command-fails-with-timed-out-and-no-fallback-available
# hystrix配置: https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki/Configuration#execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds

2.3 添加实体用户类User(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\entity\User.java)

package com.springms.cloud.entity;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class User {

    private Long id;

    private String username;

    private String name;

    private Short age;

    private BigDecimal balance;

    public Long getId() {
        return this.id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return this.username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Short getAge() {
        return this.age;
    }

    public void setAge(Short age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public BigDecimal getBalance() {
        return this.balance;
    }

    public void setBalance(BigDecimal balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }

}

2.4 添加访问远端用户微服务 Feign 客户端(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient.java)

package com.springms.cloud.feign;

import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * 用户Http请求的客户端。
 *
 * 注解FeignClient的传参:表示的是注册到 Eureka 服务上的模块名称。
 *
 * @author hmilyylimh
 *
 * @version 0.0.1
 *
 * @date 2017/9/24
 *
 */
@FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", /*fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class,*/ fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class)
public interface UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient {

    /**
     * 这里有两个坑需要注意:<br/>
     *
     * <li>这里需要设置请求的方式为 RequestMapping 注解,用 GetMapping 注解是运行不成功的,即 GetMapping 不支持。</li>
     * <li>注解 PathVariable 里面需要填充变量的名字,不然也是运行不成功的。</li>
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

2.5 添加访问远端用户微服务 Fallback 类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\HystrixClientFallback.java)

package com.springms.cloud.feign;

import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Hystrix 客户端回退机制类。
 *
 * 这里加上注解 Component 的目的:就是因为没有这个注解,运行时候会报错,报错会说没有该类的这个实例,所以我们就想到要实例化这个类,因此加了这个注解。
 *
 * @author hmilyylimh
 *
 * @version 0.0.1
 *
 * @date 2017/9/24
 *
 */
@Component
public class HystrixClientFallback implements UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient {

    @Override
    public User findById(Long id) {

        System.out.println("======== findById Fallback " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

        User tmpUser = new User();
        tmpUser.setId(0L);
        return tmpUser;
    }
}

2.6 添加访问远端用户微服务 FallbackFactory 类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\HystrixClientFallbackFactory.java)

package com.springms.cloud.feign;

import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Hystrix 客户端回退机制类。
 *
 * 这里加上注解 Component 的目的:就是因为没有这个注解,运行时候会报错,报错会说没有该类的这个实例,所以我们就想到要实例化这个类,因此加了这个注解。
 *
 * @author hmilyylimh
 *
 * @version 0.0.1
 *
 * @date 2017/9/24
 *
 */
@Component
public class HystrixClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient> {

    private static final Logger Logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class);

    @Override
    public UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient create(Throwable e) {

        Logger.info("fallback; reason was: {}", e.getMessage());
        System.out.println("======== UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient.create " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

        return new UserFeignWithFallBackFactoryClient(){

            @Override
            public User findById(Long id) {
                System.out.println("======== findById FallBackFactory " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

                User tmpUser = new User();
                tmpUser.setId(-1L);
                return tmpUser;
            }
        };
    }
}

/****************************************************************************************
 @FeignClient(name = "hello", fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class)
 protected interface HystrixClient {
     @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/hello")
     Hello iFailSometimes();
 }

 @Component
 static class HystrixClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<HystrixClient> {
     @Override
     public HystrixClient create(Throwable cause) {
        return new HystrixClientWithFallBackFactory() {
             @Override
             public Hello iFailSometimes() {
                return new Hello("fallback; reason was: " + cause.getMessage());
            }
        };
     }
 }
 ****************************************************************************************/

2.7 添加回退处理客户端类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\feign\UserFeignWithFallBackFactoryClient.java)

package com.springms.cloud.feign;

/**
 * 回退处理客户端。
 *
 * @author hmilyylimh
 *
 * @version 0.0.1
 *
 * @date 2017/9/24
 *
 */
public interface UserFeignWithFallBackFactoryClient extends UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient{
}

2.8 添加Web访问层Controller(springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\controller\MovieFeignHystrixFactoryController.java)

package com.springms.cloud.controller;

import com.springms.cloud.entity.User;
import com.springms.cloud.feign.UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class MovieFeignHystrixFactoryController {

    @Autowired
    private UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient userFeignHystrixFactoryClient;

    @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")
    public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        System.out.println("======== findById Controller " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " - " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        return userFeignHystrixFactoryClient.findById(id);
    }
}

2.9 添加电影微服务启动类(springms-consumer-movie-feign-custom-without-hystrix\src\main\java\com\springms\cloud\MsConsumerMovieFeignCustomWithoutHystrixApplication.java)

package com.springms.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

/**
 * 电影微服务接入Feign,添加 fallbackFactory 属性来触发请求进行容灾降级。
 *
 * Feign: Java HTTP 客户端开发的工具。
 *
 * 注解 EnableFeignClients 表示该电影微服务已经接入 Feign 模块。
 *
 * @author hmilyylimh
 *
 * @version 0.0.1
 *
 * @date 2017/9/24
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class MsConsumerMovieFeignHystrixFactoryApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MsConsumerMovieFeignHystrixFactoryApplication.class, args);
        System.out.println("【【【【【【 电影Feign-HystrixFactory微服务 】】】】】】已启动.");
    }
}

三、测试

/****************************************************************************************
 一、电影微服务接入Feign,添加 fallbackFactory 属性来触发请求进行容灾降级(测试正常接入功能):

 1、注解:EnableFeignClients;
 2、编写类 HystrixClientFallbackFactory 回退处理机制类,并给该类加上注解 Component ;加入 FeignClient 注解
    // @FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class  )
 3、启动 springms-discovery-eureka 模块服务,启动1个端口;
 4、启动 springms-provider-user 模块服务,启动1个端口;
 5、启动 springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory 模块服务;
 6、在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到具体的用户信息(即用户ID != 0 的用户)成功的被打印出来;
 ****************************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************************
 二、电影FeignHystrix-HystrixFactory微服务接入 HystrixFactory 功能模块(测试断路器功能):

 1、注解:EnableFeignClients;
 2、编写类 HystrixClientFallbackFactory 回退处理机制类,并给该类加上注解 Component,UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient 加上 fallbackFactory 属性;
    // @FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class, fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class )
 3、启动 springms-discovery-eureka 模块服务,启动1个端口;
 4、启动 springms-provider-user 模块服务,启动1个端口;
 5、启动 springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory 模块服务;
 6、在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到具体的用户信息(即用户ID != 0 的用户)成功的被打印出来;

 7、停止 springms-provider-user 模块服务;
 8、在浏览器输入地址http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到用户信息ID = 0 的用户成功的被打印出来,但随着问题也来了;
 9、HystrixClientFallbackFactory 截获的异常却没有被打印出来,本来用户微服务停止的话,请求链接就已经链接超时了,但是为啥异常没有打印出来呢?请看下面第三中测试方法。
 ****************************************************************************************/

/****************************************************************************************
 三、电影FeignHystrix-HystrixFactory微服务接入 HystrixFactory 功能模块(测试断路器功能):

 1、注解:EnableFeignClients;
 2、编写类 HystrixClientFallbackFactory 回退处理机制类,并给该类加上注解 Component,UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient 去掉 fallback 属性,然后加上 fallbackfactory 属性;
    // @FeignClient(name = "springms-provider-user", fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class )
 3、启动 springms-discovery-eureka 模块服务,启动1个端口;
 4、启动 springms-provider-user 模块服务,启动1个端口;
 5、启动 springms-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-factory 模块服务;
 6、在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到具体的用户信息(即用户ID != 0 的用户)成功的被打印出来;

 7、停止 springms-provider-user 模块服务;
 8、在浏览器输入地址http://localhost:8115/movie/1 可以看到用户信息ID = -1 的用户成功的被打印出来,而且异常信息日志也被打印出来了,这就正常了;

 注意:第2步骤:UserFeignHystrixFactoryClient 去掉 fallback 属性,然后加上 fallbackfactory 属性;
      所以这里目前暂时谨记,fallback 和 fallbackfactory 属性会有冲突,所以只要其一就行了;
 ****************************************************************************************/

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https://gitee.com/ylimhhmily/SpringCloudTutorial.git

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