ls
tips:
虽然在终端是每行有多个名称，但是输出的时候是按行输出

语法

ls [OPTION]… [FILE]…

参数

参数	描述
-a, –all	不乎略素有的隐藏文件
-A, –almost-all	do not list implied . and ..
–author	使用-l列出文件的作者
-b, –escape	print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
–block-size=SIZE	scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., ‘–block-size=M’ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-B, –ignore-backups	不列出名称以～结尾的文件
-c	with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C	list entries by columns
–color[=WHEN]	colorize the output; WHEN can be ‘always’ (default if omitted),’auto’, or ‘never’; more info below
-d, –directory	list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, –dired	generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode
-f	do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls –color
-F, –classify	append indicator (one of */=>@
–file-type	likewise, except do not append ‘*’
–format=WORD	across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1,verbose -l, vertical -C
–full-time	like -l –time-style=full-iso
-g	like -l, but do not list owner
–group-directories-first	group directories before files;can be augmented with a –sort option, but any use of –sort=none (-U) disables grouping
-G, –no-group	in a long listing, don’t print group names
-h, –human-readable	with -l and/or -s, print human readable sizes (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
–si	likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, –dereference-command-line	follow symbolic links listed on the command line
–dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir	follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory
–hide=PATTERN	do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)
–indicator-style=WORD	append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (–file-type), classify (-F)
-i, –inode	打印索引
-I, –ignore=PATTERN	do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, –kibibytes	default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage
-l	使用长列表格式
-m	fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, –numeric-uid-gid	like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, –literal	print raw entry names (don’t treat e.g. control characters spe‐cially)
-o	类似于-l，但是不罗列组信息
-p, –indicator-style=slash	append / indicator to directories
-q, –hide-control-chars	print ? instead of nongraphic characters
–show-control-chars	show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is ‘ls’ and output is a terminal)
-Q, –quote-name	enclose entry names in double quotes
–quoting-style=WORD	use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell,shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape
-r, –reverse	reverse order while sorting
-R, –recursive	list subdirectories recursively
-S	sort by file size, largest first
–sort=WORD	sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t),version (-v), extension (-X)
–time=WORD	with -l, show time as WORD instead of default modification time:atime or access or use (-u); ctime or status (-c); also use specified time as sort key if –sort=time (newest first)
–time-style=STYLE	with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso,locale, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in ‘date’; if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is pre‐ fixed with ‘posix-‘, STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
-t	sort by modification time, newest first
-T, –tabsize=COLS	assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u	with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first
-U	do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v	natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, –width=COLS	set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit
-x	list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X	sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, –context	print any security context of each file
-1	list one file per line. Avoid ‘\n’ with -q or -b

测试：
在文件夹中新建两个文件”a.txt”,”b.txt”和一个文件夹”.a”

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ tree -a ~/test
/home/claroja/test
├── .a
├── a.txt
└── b.txt
1 directory, 2 files

ls

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls
a.txt  b.txt

ls -a

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -a
.  ..  .a  a.txt  b.txt

ls -A

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -A
.a  a.txt  b.txt

ls -author

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -author
total 12K
-rw-rw-r--  1 claroja    0 6月  29 17:37 a.txt
-rw-rw-r--  1 claroja    0 6月  29 17:38 b.txt
drwxrwxr-x  3 claroja 4.0K 6月  29 17:39 .
drwxrwxr-x  2 claroja 4.0K 6月  29 17:40 .a
drwxr-xr-x 38 claroja 4.0K 6月  29 17:40 ..

ls -b

不知道什么意思

ls -B

不输出以～结尾的文件

ls -ltc -lc -c

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -ltc #按时间排序显示详细信息，倒序
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja claroja 0 6月  29 17:38 b.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja claroja 0 6月  29 17:37 a.txt
claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -lc #按名称排序显示详细信息，升序
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja claroja 0 6月  29 17:37 a.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja claroja 0 6月  29 17:38 b.txt
claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -c #按时间排序，倒序
b.txt  a.txt

ls -C

未知

ls -d

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -d #列出目录
.

ls -D

未知

ls -f

未知

ls -F

未知

ls -f

不排序，这样会减少命令的时间

ls -g

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -g # 不列出所有者
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja 0 6月  29 17:37 a.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja 0 6月  29 17:38 b.txt

ls -G

未知

ls -lh

使得大小显示符合人的阅读习惯

ls -H

未知

ls -i

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -i #列出文章id
5382202 a.txt  5382204 b.txt

ls -I

未知

ls -k

未知

ls -l

claroja@ubuntu:~/test$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja claroja 0 6月  29 17:37 a.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 claroja claroja 0 6月  29 17:38 b.txt

ls -L

未知