在某些情况下，Spring容器在初始化Bean的时候，希望在初始化bean前和销毁bean前进行一些资源的加载和释放的操作。可以通过一下三种方式完成。

• Bean的方法加上@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解
• 在xml中定义init-method和destory-method方法
• Bean实现InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口

@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解

JavaBean代码

@Component
public class PersonService {
    private String message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("PersonService.class init method ...");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void cleanUp() {
        System.out.println("PersonService.class cleanUp method ...");
    }
}

spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd        
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd">

    <!-- spring扫描的路径 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="spring.zhujie" />

</beans>

测试代码和结果

• 测试代码

public static void main(String[] args) {
     AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-zhujie.xml");
     context.registerShutdownHook();
}

• 运行结果

PersonService.class init method ...
PersonService.class cleanUp method ...

在XML中定义init-method和destory-method方法

JavaBean代码

public class PersonService {
    private String message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public void init() {
        System.out.println("PersonService.class init method ...");
    }

    public void cleanUp() {
        System.out.println("PersonService.class cleanUp method ...");
    }
}

spring配置文件

<bean class="spring.zhujie.PersonService" init-method="init" destroy-method="cleanUp"/>

测试代码和结果

• 测试代码

public static void main(String[] args) {
        AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-xml.xml");
        context.registerShutdownHook();
}

• 运行结果

PersonService.class init method ...
六月 23, 2017 9:42:06 下午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@7a94c5e7: startup date [Fri Jun 23 21:42:06 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
PersonService.class cleanUp method ...

Bean实现InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口

JavaBean代码

public class PersonService implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
    private String message;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("PersonService.class init method ...");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("PersonService.class cleanUp method ...");
    }
}

spring配置文件

<bean id="personService" class="spring.zhujie.PersonService" />

测试代码和结果

• 测试代码

public static void main(String[] args) {
        AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-interface.xml");
        context.registerShutdownHook();
    }

• 运行结果

PersonService.class init method ...
PersonService.class cleanUp method ...