用crosstool-ng建立arm-linux交叉工具链

crosstool-ng是新的用来建立交叉工具链的工具，它是crosstool的替换者. 使用crosstool最多只能编译gcc 4.1.1　glibc 2.x的版本. 而crosstool-ng一直保持着更新,现在最新能够建立 gcc 4.3.2版本 glibc 2.9版本...在使用低于4.1.1的版本编译2.6.29 kernel时，会出现include/linux/c

babyfans

2826人浏览 · 2010-12-08 13:51:00

babyfans · 2010-12-08 13:51:00 发布

crosstool-ng是新的用来建立交叉工具链的工具，它是crosstool的替换者.
使用crosstool最多只能编译gcc 4.1.1　glibc 2.x的版本.

而crosstool-ng一直保持着更新,现在最新能够建立 gcc 4.3.2版本 glibc 2.9版本...

在使用低于4.1.1的版本编译2.6.29 kernel时，会出现

include/linux/compiler-gcc4.h:7:3: error: #error Your version of gcc miscompiles the __weak directive

include/linux/compiler-gcc4.h:7 :如下

/* GCC 4.1.[01] miscompiles __weak */
#if __GNUC_MINOR__ == 1 && __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ <= 1
# error Your version of gcc miscompiles the __weak directive
#endif

所以使用crosstool-ng建立一个新的工具链(gcc 4.3.2 glibc 2.9)，以支持对最新kernel编绎.

测试环境：

Debian Linux 2.6.18-6-686
Ubuntu Linux 2.6.28-14 (Ubuntu 9.0.4)

1.crosstool-ng的安装

cd /tmp

mkdir crosstool-ng

wget http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/download/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.5.2.tar.bz2

tar jxvf crosstool-ng-1.5.2.tar.bz2

cd /tmp/crosstool-ng-1.5.2

./configure --prefix=/opt/crosstool-ng

make

make install

echo "PATH=$PATH:/opt/crosstool-ng/bin" >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

ct-ng help

## ^ ^ 安装成功

2.安装必要工具包

#安装java开发包

sudo apt-get install gcj

#安装cvs

sudo apt-get install cvs

#切换mawk

sudo apt-get install gawk

cd /usr/bin

sudo mv mawk mawk.bak

sudo ln -s gawk mawk

Ubuntu 9.0.4 请先安装下 termcap 库参考本文错误与解决 4.. .

3.crosstool-ng使用范例

本范例记录了使用crosstool-ng编绎arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi工具链的过程

cd /tmp/crosstool-ng

mkdir build_toolchain

mkdir ~/src
生成默认配置文件：

ct-ng arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi
也可以这样子：
cp /opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.5.2/samples/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/crosstool.config .config

ct-ng menuconfig

根据实际情况修改这些配置(我测试的是一款arm7 SOC,其指令集为armv4t)

指定指令集

Target options --->

Architecture level

填入 armv4t

修改工具链安装路径

Paths and misc options --->

Prefix directory()

填入 /opt/arm/4.3.2/${CT_TARGET}

修改操作系统选项,禁止内核头文件检测

Operating System --->

[ ] Check installed headers

退出保存配置文件,手动修改内核头文件的安装版本,以修正段错误:
vim .config

修改kernel的安装版本

CT_KERNEL_VERSION="2.6.18"

修改libc中配置的内核头文件的安装版本至2.6.18

CT_LIBC_GLIBC_MIN_KERNEL="2.6.18"

保存退出(注意若使用ct-ng menuconfig进行配置,上面的手动修改信息会丢失,需再次从头配置)

PS:如果你编绎还是失败了或者测试失败了,那可以参考一下,我测试通过的配置文件: crosstool-ng for arm720t 配置文件

-----------我是分隔线 2010 快乐 -----------------------------------

libc库已经换用git来管理源码(sources.redhat.com),下面两个包
glibc-cvs-2.9.tar.gz
glibc-ports-cvs-2.9.tar.gz
将无法从cvs中取出,临时可以这样子解决:
cd /tmp/
wget ftp://sourceware.org/pub/glibc/releases/glibc-2.9.tar.bz2
tar jxvf glibc-2.9.tar.bz2
mv glibc-2.9 glibc-cvs-2.9
tar zcvf glibc-cvs-2.9.tar.gz glibc-cvs-2.9

wget ftp://sourceware.org/pub/glibc/releases/glibc-ports-2.9.tar.bz2
tar jxvf glibc-ports-2.9.tar.bz2
mv glibc-ports-2.9 glibc-ports-cvs-2.9
tar zcvf glibc-ports-cvs-2.9.tar.gz glibc-ports-cvs-2.9

复制这两个*.gz包至 crosstool-ng设置的包下载路径(本例中设置的是:~/src)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

开始编绎(在我的机子上耗时一小时)
ct-ng build.4(用太多线程，很耗系统资源)

4.为工具链增加新链接

cd /opt/arm/4.3.2/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin

./autoln.sh

autoln.sh是一个脚本，用来自动链接arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi的工具...

文件名:autoln.sh 拷到要自动建立链接的文件夹使用。

#!/bin/bash

#
# main
#
if [ $# -lt 1 ] ; then
echo "default path: ./"
BIN_PATH=./
else
BIN_PATH=$1
fi
if [ ! -d $1 ] ; then
echo "path error"
exit
fi
cd $BIN_PATH
SRC=`ls | awk '{print $1}'`

for i in $SRC ; do
if [ "$i" != "autoln.sh" ] ; then
#echo $i
TARGET=`echo $i | sed 's/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux/g' `
echo $TARGET
ln -s $i $TARGET
fi
done

错误与解决

1.[ERROR] Missing: 'i486-linux-gnu-gcj' or 'i486-linux-gnu-gcj' or 'gcj' : either needed!

解决:sudo apt-get install gcj

[ERROR]     Build failed in step 'Retrieving needed toolchain components' tarballs'
[ERROR]     Error happened in '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/functions' in function 'CT_DoExecLog' (line unknown, sorry)
[ERROR]           called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/functions' at line # 471 in function 'CT_GetCVS'
[ERROR]           called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/build/libc/glibc.sh' at line # 31 in function 'do_libc_get'
[ERROR]           called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/crosstool-NG.sh' at line # 449 in function 'main'
[ERROR]     Look at '/home/star/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build.log' for more info on this error.
[ERROR] (elapsed: 33:29.56)
[33:30] / make[1]: *** [build] 错误 127
make: *** [build.4] 错误 2

解决：　sudo apt-get install cvs

[INFO ] Installing C library headers
[EXTRA]     Configuring C library
[EXTRA]     Installing C library headers
[ERROR]     make[3]: *** [/home/star/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi//sys-root/usr/include/gnu/lib-names.h] Error 1
[ERROR]     make[2]: *** [install-headers] Error 2
[ERROR]     Build failed in step 'Installing C library headers'
[ERROR]     Error happened in '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/functions' in function 'CT_DoExecLog' (line unknown, sorry)
[ERROR]           called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/build/libc/glibc.sh' at line # 185 in function 'do_libc_headers'
[ERROR]           called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/crosstool-NG.sh' at line # 494 in function 'main'
[ERROR]     Look at '/home/star/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build.log' for more info on this error.
[ERROR] (elapsed: 36:41.91)
[36:42] / make[1]: *** [build] 错误 2
make: *** [build.4] 错误 2

解决:查看build.log

[ALL ] /usr/bin/install: cannot stat `/tmp/crosstool-ng/targets/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build/build-libc-headers/gnu/li
b-names.h': No such file or directory

但在这之前也发生了一个error，但crosstool-ng并没有报错

[ALL ]     mawk: scripts/gen-sorted.awk: line 19: regular expression compile failed (bad class -- [], [^] or [)
[ALL ]     /[^
[ALL ]     mawk: scripts/gen-sorted.awk: line 19: syntax error at or near ]
[ALL ]     mawk: scripts/gen-sorted.awk: line 19: runaway regular expression /, "", subd ...

OK,在gen-sorted.awk第19行，出错，这是一个简单的错误，缺少了转义符

查找一个看有没有类似的　　

cd /tmp/crosstool-ng/targets/src/glibc-cvs-2.9/scripts　

　sed '//^///p' gen-sorted.awk -n

　输出的则是存在语法错误的语句

　可以直接用

　sed -i 's//^^/g' gen-sorted.awk

这种方法是不完善的，后面的还是会出现错误。

　网上搜了下，需要用/usr/bin/gawk 替换/usr/bin/mawk，即

sudo apt-get install gawk

cd /usr/bin

sudo mv mawk mawk.bak

sudo ln -s gawk mawk

[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing C library
[EXTRA]     Configuring C library
[WARN ]     Removing "-pipe" for use with glibc>=2.6
[EXTRA]     Building C library
[ERROR]     make[4]: *** [/tmp/crosstool-ng/targets/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build/build-libc/elf/ld.so] Error 2
[ERROR]     make[3]: *** [elf/subdir_lib] Error 2
[ERROR]     make[2]: *** [all] Error 2
[ERROR]     Build failed in step 'Installing C library'
[ERROR]     Error happened in '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/functions' in function 'CT_DoExecLog' (line unknown, sorry)
[ERROR]           called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/build/libc/glibc.sh' at line # 504 in function 'do_libc'
[ERROR]           called from '/opt/crosstool-ng/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/crosstool-NG.sh' at line # 494 in function 'main'
[ERROR]     Look at '/home/star/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build.log' for more info on this error.
[ERROR] (elapsed: 32:05.76)
[32:06] / make[1]: *** [build] 错误 2
make: *** [build.4] 错误 2

解决:

sudo apt-get install gawk

cd /usr/bin

sudo mv mawk mawk.bak

   sudo ln -s gawk mawk
5.
49567 [ERROR]    configure: error: no termcap library found
49568 [ERROR]    make[3]: *** [configure-gdb] Error 1
49569 [ALL ]    make[3]: Leaving directory `/opt/build_toolchain/targets/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build/build-gdb-cross'
49570 [ERROR]    make[2]: *** [all] Error 2
49571 [ALL ]    make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/build_toolchain/targets/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build/build-gdb-cross'
49572 [ERROR]    Build failed in step 'Installing cross-gdb'
49573 [ERROR]    Error happened in '/usr/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/functions' in function 'CT_DoExecLog' (line unknown, sorry)
49574 [ERROR]          called from '/usr/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/build/debug/300-gdb.sh' at line # 126 in function 'do_debug      _gdb_build'
49575 [ERROR]          called from '/usr/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/build/debug.sh' at line # 35 in function 'do_debug'
49576 [ERROR]          called from '/usr/lib/ct-ng-1.4.1/scripts/crosstool-NG.sh' at line # 494 in function 'main'
49577 [ERROR]    Look at '/opt/arm/4.3.2/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/build.log' for more info on this error.
49578 [ERROR] (elapsed: 72:30.97)

解决:
这个问题我只在ubuntu 9.0.4中遇到过...缺少了termcap 库，但我在源里又没有搜到termcap相关的库（似乎是被其它库替换了，termcap这东西的确很古老)
cd /tmp
wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/termcap/termcap-1.3.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf termcap-1.3.1.tar.gz
cd termcap-1.3.1
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
（又需要从头编译工具链了 …… ）

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