所用相关技术：
FFmpeg是一套可以用来记录、转换数字音频、视频，并能将其转化为流的开源计算机程序。采用LGPL或GPL许可证。它提供了录制、转换以及流化音视频的完整解决方案。它包含了非常先进的音频/视频编解码库libavcodec，能够解码、编码、转码、复用、解复用、流化、滤波和播放几乎任何人类和机器创造的多媒体文件。它具有高可移植性、高性能、高度安全、高度易用性、支持的格式多样性、高度可扩展等特点。

Nginx本身是一个非常出色的HTTP服务器,ffmpeg是非常好的音视频解决方案.这两个东西通过一个nginx的模块nginx-rtmp-module,组合在一起即可以搭建一个功能相对比较完善的流媒体服务器.这个流媒体服务器可以支持RTMP和HLS(Live
Http Stream)。

nginx配合ffmpeg做流媒体服务器的原理是:

nginx通过rtmp模块提供rtmp服务, ffmpeg推送一个rtmp流到nginx, 然后客户端通过访问nginx来收看实时视频流.
HLS也是差不多的原理,只是最终客户端是通过HTTP协议来访问的,但是ffmpeg推送流仍然是rtmp的.

FFmpeg安装

配置环境变量

搜索 环境变量

到此就配置完成了。

测试

cmd中运行：ffmpeg -version

如此ffmpeg就装好了，如果有问题可能是你文件下载的有问题。也可能你存放ffmpeg的位置和你环境变量里配置的不对应。

搭建nginx-rtmp流媒体服务器

配置

解压以后可以任意放到一个文件目录下，但是要记住目录地址后面会用到。
打开nginx\conf下nginx-win-rtmp.conf

rtsp转rtmp配置

如下代码：

rtmp {
    server {
        listen 4848;
        chunk_size 4000;
        application live {
             live on;
        }
    }
}

listen：端口号
application live：app名为live（这个名字可以自定义，后面转换的）

rtsp转hls配置
将下一段代码添加到 application live 的下面

        application hls {
            live on;
            hls on;
            hls_path hls;
            hls_fragment 5s;
        }

#user  nobody;
# multiple workers works !
worker_processes  2;
 
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
 
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
 
events {
    worker_connections  8192;
    # max value 32768, nginx recycling connections+registry optimization = 
    #   this.value * 20 = max concurrent connections currently tested with one worker
    #   C1000K should be possible depending there is enough ram/cpu power
    # multi_accept on;
}
 
rtmp {
    server {
        listen 4848;
        chunk_size 4000;
        application live {
             live on;
        }
		application hls {
            live on;
            hls on;
            hls_path hls;
            hls_fragment 5s;
        }
    }
}
 
http {
    #include      /nginx/conf/naxsi_core.rules;
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr:$remote_port - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
#     # loadbalancing PHP
#     upstream myLoadBalancer {
#         server 127.0.0.1:9001 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9002 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9003 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9004 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9005 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9006 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9007 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9008 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9009 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9010 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         least_conn;
#     }
 
    sendfile        off;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
 
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
 
## Start: Timeouts ##
    client_body_timeout   10;
    client_header_timeout 10;
    keepalive_timeout     30;
    send_timeout          10;
    keepalive_requests    10;
## End: Timeouts ##
 
    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       1515;
        server_name  localhost;
 
 
        location /stat {
            rtmp_stat all;
            rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
        }
        location /stat.xsl {
            root nginx-rtmp-module/;
        }
        location /control {
            rtmp_control all;
        }
        location /hls {
            # Serve HLS fragments
            types {
                application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
                video/mp2t ts;
            }
            alias hls;
            expires -1;
            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
        }
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
 
        ## Caching Static Files, put before first location
        #location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        #    expires 14d;
        #    add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
        #}

# For Naxsi remove the single # line for learn mode, or the ## lines for full WAF mode
        location / {
            #include    /nginx/conf/mysite.rules; # see also http block naxsi include line
            ##SecRulesEnabled;
         ##DeniedUrl "/RequestDenied";
         ##CheckRule "$SQL >= 8" BLOCK;
         ##CheckRule "$RFI >= 8" BLOCK;
         ##CheckRule "$TRAVERSAL >= 4" BLOCK;
         ##CheckRule "$XSS >= 8" BLOCK;
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
       
# For Naxsi remove the ## lines for full WAF mode, redirect location block used by naxsi
        ##location /RequestDenied {
        ##    return 412;
        ##}
 
## Lua examples !
#         location /robots.txt {
#           rewrite_by_lua '
#             if ngx.var.http_host ~= "localhost" then
#               return ngx.exec("/robots_disallow.txt");
#             end
#           ';
#         }
 
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
 
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
 
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
 
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; # single backend process
        #    fastcgi_pass   myLoadBalancer; # or multiple, see example above
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
 
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
 
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl spdy;
    #    server_name  localhost;
 
    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
    #    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    #    ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:ECDH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS:!EXP:!ADH:!LOW:!MEDIUM;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
}

运行
打开cmd命令提示符 打开nginx所在的位置，运行以下命令：
nginx.exe -c conf/nginx-win-rtmp.conf

测试
浏览器打开127.0.0.1:1515 端口号是在上文中设定的


打开以后所有的准备工作就完成了。

视频流转换

基本流程

1、新建cmd命令提示符窗口
2、ffmpeg转码
3、vlc测试

ffmpeg转码rtsp转rtmp

ffmpeg -i "rtsp://admin:password@192.168.100.205:554/h264/ch1/main/av_stream" -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://192.168.100.170:4848/live/hls

使用ffmpeg命令推流，-i后面是摄像头流地址，-flv后面是推到nginx机器的地址，
vlc直接打开这个链接就可以看到转出来的视频画面。

ffmpeg转码rtsp转hls

ffmpeg -i "rtsp://admin:password@192.168.100.205:554/h264/ch1/main/av_stream" -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://192.168.100.170:1515/hls/ test

使用ffmpeg命令推流，-i后面是摄像头流地址，-flv后面是推到nginx机器的地址，
vlc直接打开

rtmp://192.168.100.170:1515/hls/test.m3u8

就可以看到转出来的视频画面了。

# 音视频
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