NFS网络文件系统(Network File System)是由Sun开发并发展起来的一项在不同机器、不同操作系统之间通过网络共享文件的技术。在嵌入式Linux系统的开发调试阶段,可以利用该技术在主机上建立基于NFS的根文件系统,挂载到嵌入式设备,可以很方便地修改根文件系统的内容。

 

 

1、前言

我们在上面移植了initramfs文件系统,并且已经成功运行了。下面我们开始移植nfs,之前开启PC上的nfs服务功能确认并安装NFS服务依赖软件包。

一般NFS服务器要提供服务,必须启动inet,nfs, mount,portmap或rpcbind这些守护进程并保持在后台状态运行. 这里需要提示的是从RHEL6开始, 系统使用rpcbind替换了以前早期版本中NFS依赖的portmap服务。


在使用NFS共享文件之前,我们首先使用rpm命令确认我们安装了这些应用程序。如果没有安装,则从安装光盘中找到他们并安装,或者使用yum安装。下面显示我们在安装系统时,已经选择安装了NFS服务相关软件

[lingyun@localhost~]$ cd /opt/

[lingyun@localhostopt]$ rpm -qa | grep nfs

nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-6.el6.x86_64

nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-4.el6.x86_64

nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86_64

[lingyun@localhostopt]$  rpm -qa | grep rpcbind

rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64

修改主机上的NFS配置文件,导出/opt目录使用NFS共享:

[lingyun@localhostopt]$ sudo vim /etc/exports

/home/lingyun/yangzheng*(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

使用root权限运行“service nfs restart”命令重启NFS服务,让其生效:


[lingyun@localhost opt]$ sudo service rpcbind restart

Stoppingrpcbind:                                         [  OK  ]

Startingrpcbind:                                         [  OK  ]

[lingyun@localhostopt]$ sudo service nfs restart

Shuttingdown NFS daemon:                                  [  OK  ]

Shuttingdown NFS mountd:                                  [  OK  ]

Shuttingdown NFS quotas:                                  [  OK  ]

Shuttingdown NFS services:                                [  OK  ]

StartingNFS services:                                     [  OK  ]

StartingNFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]

StartingNFS mountd:                                       [  OK  ]

StoppingRPC idmapd:                                       [  OK  ]

StartingRPC idmapd:                                       [  OK  ]

StartingNFS daemon:                                       [  OK  ]

[lingyun@localhostopt]$

 

使用servicerpcbind status命令和“servicenfs status”命令查看相关服务的运行状态,同时可以使用“showmount –e”命令可以查看我们通过NFS服务共享的文件:

[lingyun@localhostopt]$  service rpcbind status

rpcbind(pid  6566) is running...

[lingyun@localhostopt]$ service nfs status

rpc.svcgssdis stopped

rpc.mountd(pid 6651) is running...

nfsd (pid6716 6715 6714 6713 6712 6711 6710 6709) is running...

rpc.rquotad(pid 6647) is running...

[lingyun@localhostopt]$

[lingyun@localhostopt]$ showmount -e

Exportlist for localhost.localdomain:

/usr/local/src/lingyun/yangzheng*

…………

 

测试NFS访问

在另外一个Linux机器上,或者在本机上通过mount命令挂载并测试如下:

[lingyun@localhost~]$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/yz_nfs

[lingyun@localhost~]$ sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.3:/home/lingyun/yangzheng/ /mnt/yz_nfs/

[lingyun@localhost~]$ mount

/dev/sda2on / type ext4 (rw)

proc on/proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on/sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on/dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs on/dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

/dev/sdb1on /usr/local/src type ext4 (rw)

none on/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

192.168.1.2:/var/ftp/pubon /opt/pub type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.2,clientaddr=192.168.1.3)

nfsd on/proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)

192.168.1.3:/opton /mnt/ky-nfs type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.3,clientaddr=192.168.1.3)

192.168.1.3:/opton /mnt/nfs type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.3,clientaddr=192.168.1.3)

192.168.1.3:/opton /opt/mnt/nfs type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.3,clientaddr=192.168.1.3)

192.168.1.3:/opt/on /opt/mnt/ww type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.3,clientaddr=192.168.1.3)

192.168.1.3:/opt/on /mnt/ww type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.3,clientaddr=192.168.1.3)

192.168.1.3:/home/lingyun/yangzheng/on /mnt/yz_nfs type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.1.3)

192.168.1.3:/home/lingyun/keyueon /mnt/ky-nfs type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.1.3)

[lingyun@localhost~]$ ls yangzheng/rootfs/

apps  bin data  dev  etc  hh  info  init lib  linuxrc  mnt proc  root  sbin sys  tmp  usr var

[lingyun@localhost~]$ ls /mnt/yz_nfs/rootfs/

apps  bin data  dev  etc  hh  info  init lib  linuxrc  mnt proc  root  sbin sys  tmp  usr var

[lingyun@localhost~]$ rm yangzheng/rootfs/hh

[lingyun@localhost~]$ ls yangzheng/rootfs/  

apps  bin data  dev  etc info  init  lib linuxrc  mnt  proc root  sbin  sys tmp  usr  var

[lingyun@localhost~]$ ls /mnt/yz_nfs/rootfs/

apps  bin data  dev  etc info  init  lib linuxrc  mnt  proc root  sbin  sys tmp  usr  var

 

我们先假定PC上的功能已经开启,同时在上面移植initramfs文件系统时也完成了下面添加内核对nfs的支持的前提下,我们先在上面已经运行起来的环境中试着先看看开发板上的nfs客户端功能是否支持(如果内核中没有开启这个功能也没有关系,因为这一步不是关键的):

PC上/opt目录下的内容:

[lingyun@localhost~]$ ls yangzheng/

busybox-1.20.2  busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2  linux-3.0 linux-3.0.tar.bz2  mkimage  rootfs

下面是开发中挂载PC上的/opt目录情况:

>:mount -o nolock 192.168.1.3:/home/lingyun/yangzheng /mnt/nfs/

>: ls

>: ls/mnt/nfs/

busybox-1.20.2          linux-3.0               mkimage

busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2  linux-3.0.tar.bz2       rootfs

2、添加对内和的支持

//关掉对initramfis的支持
General setup  --->

[ ]Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support

//开启对nfs的支持

[*] Networking support ---> 

Networkingoptions  --->  

[*]   IP: kernel levelautoconfiguration

[ ]     IP: DHCP support

[ ]     IP: BOOTP support

[ ]     IP: RARP support

Filesystems  --->

[*]Network File Systems  --->

<*>   NFS clientsupport

[*]   Root file systemon NFS

 

重新编译内核:

[lingyun@localhostlinux-3.0]$ sudo make

[lingyun@localhostlinux-3.0]$ ls

arch     crypto         fs       Kbuild  MAINTAINERS      modules.order   REPORTING-BUGS  sound              usr

block    Documentation  include Kconfig  Makefile         Module.symvers  samples         System.map         virt

COPYING  drivers       init     kernel   mm               net             scripts         tools              vmlinux

CREDITS  firmware      ipc      lib      modules.builtin  README          security        uImage-s3c2440.gz  vmlinux.o

[lingyun@localhostlinux-3.0]$ cp uImage-s3c2440.gz/tftp/yz_nfsuImage-2440.gz

 

3、添加u_boot对nfs文件系统的支持

由于nfs也是不需要制作镜像文件,而直接编译进内核:

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]# set bootcmd_rootfs'nand read 30008000 100000 400000;bootm 30008000'

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]#  set bootcmd 'run bootcmd_rootfs'

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]# set bootargs_nfs'noinitrd console=ttyS0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M loglevel=7 root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.3:/opt/rootfsip=192.168.1.122:192.168.1.3:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:localhost.com:eth0:off'

# setbootargs_nfs 'noinitrd console=ttyS0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M loglevel=7 root=/dev/nfs rwnfsroot=192.168.1.3:/home/lingyun/yangzheng/rootfs ip=192.168.1.122:192.168.1.3:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:localhost.com:eth0:off'

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]# set bootargs'noinitrd console=ttyS0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M loglevel=7 root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.3:/home/lingyun/yangzheng/rootfsip=192.168.1.122:192.168.1.3:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:localhost.com:eth0:off'

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]# set bkr 'tftp30008000 yz_nfsuImage-2440.gz;nand erase 100000 400000;nand write 30008000 100000400000'

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]# sa

SavingEnvironment to NAND...

ErasingNand...

Erasingat 0x60000 -- 100% complete.

Writingto Nand... done

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]# run bkr

dm9000i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000:running in 16 bit mode

MAC:08:00:3e:26:0a:6b

could notestablish link

operatingat 100M full duplex mode

Usingdm9000 device

TFTP fromserver 192.168.1.3; our IP address is 192.168.1.244

Filename'yz_nfsuImage-2440.gz'.

Loadaddress: 0x30008000

Loading:T #################################################################

        #################################################################

        ################################################

done

Bytestransferred = 2604692 (27be94 hex)

 

NANDerase: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x400000

Erasingat 0x4e0000 -- 100% complete.

OK

 

NANDwrite: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x400000

 4194304 bytes written: OK

启动linux:

[ s3c2440@ yangzheng ]# boot

NANDread: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x27c000

 2605056 bytes read: OK

## Bootingkernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...

   Image Name:  Linux Kernel

   Created:     2013-06-04   7:34:46 UTC

   Image Type:  ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:   2604628 Bytes = 2.5 MiB

   Load Address: 30008000

   Entry Point: 30008040

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

   XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

OS entrypoint: 30008040

Imageentry point=30008040

 

Startingkernel ...

 

UncompressingLinux... done, booting the kernel.

Linuxversion 3.0.0 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gccversion 4.5.4 (Buildroot 2012.08) ) #4 Tue Jun 4 15:34:42 CST 2013

CPU:ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177

CPU: VIVTdata cache, VIVT instruction cache

Machine:SMDK2440

Memorypolicy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback

CPU S3C2440A(id 0x32440001)

S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 SimtecElectronics

S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz

CLOCK:Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on

Built 1zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256

Kernel commandline: noinitrd console=ttyS0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M loglevel=7 root=/dev/nfs rwnfsroot=192.168.1.3:/home/lingyun/yangzheng/rootfsip=192.168.1.122:192.168.1.3:192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:localhost.com:eth0:off

PID hashtable entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)

Dentrycache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Inode-cachehash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

Memory:64MB = 64MB total

Memory:59488k/59488k available, 6048k reserved, 0K highmem

Virtualkernel memory layout:

    vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)

    fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896kB)

    DMA    : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (   2 MB)

    vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xf6000000   ( 792 MB)

    lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000   (  64 MB)

    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16MB)

      .init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc002c000  ( 144 kB)

      .text : 0xc002c000 - 0xc04ef000  (4876 kB)

      .data : 0xc04f0000 - 0xc051fb00  ( 191 kB)

       .bss : 0xc051fb24 - 0xc054bf80   ( 178 kB)

NR_IRQS:85

irq:clearing pending ext status 00080000

irq:clearing subpending status 00000003

irq:clearing subpending status 00000002

Console:colour dummy device 80x30

console[ttyS0] enabled

Calibratingdelay loop... 201.52 BogoMIPS (lpj=503808)

pid_max:default: 32768 minimum: 301

Mount-cachehash table entries: 512

CPU:Testing write buffer coherency: ok

gpiochip_add:gpios 288..303 (GPIOK) failed to register

gpiochip_add:gpios 320..334 (GPIOL) failed to register

gpiochip_add:gpios 352..353 (GPIOM) failed to register

NET:Registered protocol family 16

S3C Power Management, Copyright 2004Simtec Electronics

S3C2440: Initialising architecture

S3C2440: IRQ Support

S3C24XX DMA Driver, Copyright 2003-2006Simtec Electronics

DMAchannel 0 at c4804000, irq 33

DMA channel1 at c4804040, irq 34

DMAchannel 2 at c4804080, irq 35

DMAchannel 3 at c48040c0,irq 36

S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off

s3c-adc s3c24xx-adc: attached adc driver

bio:create slab <bio-0> at 0

SCSIsubsystem initialized

usbcore:registered new interface driver usbfs

usbcore:registered new interface driver hub

usbcore:registered new device driver usb

s3c-i2cs3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10

s3c-i2cs3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz

s3c-i2cs3c2440-i2c: i2c-0:S3C I2C adapter

AdvancedLinux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.

cfg80211:Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain

NET:Registered protocol family 2

IP routecache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCPestablished hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP bindhash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

TCP: Hashtables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)

TCP reno registered

UDP hashtable entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

UDP-Litehash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

NET:Registered protocol family 1

RPC:Registered named UNIX socket transport module.

RPC:Registered udp transport module.

RPC:Registered tcp transport module.

RPC:Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.

NetWinderFloating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision)

NTFSdriver 2.1.30 [Flags: R/W].

JFFS2version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  漏 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.

msgmnihas been set to 116

ioscheduler noop registered

ioscheduler deadline registered

ioscheduler cfq registered (default)

Console:switching to colour frame buffer device 60x34

fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device

s3c2440-uart.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x50000000(irq = 70) is a S3C2440

s3c2440-uart.1: ttyS1 at MMIO 0x50004000(irq = 73) is a S3C2440

s3c2440-uart.2: ttyS2 at MMIO 0x50008000(irq = 76) is a S3C2440

brd:module loaded

loop:module loaded

at240-0050: 65536 byte 24c512EEPROM, writable, 128 bytes/write

S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 SimtecElectronics

s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 29ns Twrph0=7 69ns, Twrph1=329ns

s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND soft ECC

NANDdevice: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)

Scanningdevice for bad blocks

Baderaseblock 421 at 0x0000034a0000

Baderaseblock 1177 at 0x000009320000

Baderaseblock 1727 at 0x00000d7e0000

Creating11 MTD partitions on "NAND":

0x000000000000-0x000000100000: "mtdblock0 u-boot 1MB"

0x000000100000-0x000000500000: "mtdblock1 kernel 4MB"

0x000000500000-0x000000f00000 : "mtdblock2 ramdisk10MB"

0x000000f00000-0x000001e00000 :"mtdblock3 cramfs 15MB"

0x000001e00000-0x000004600000: "mtdblock3 jffs2 40MB"

0x000004600000-0x000006e00000: "mtdblock4 yaffs2 40MB"

0x000006e00000-0x000009600000: "mtdblock5 ubifs 40MB"

0x000009600000-0x000009700000: "mtdblock6 info 1MB"

0x000009700000-0x00000bf00000: "mtdblock7 apps 40MB"

0x00000bf00000-0x00000e700000: "mtdblock8 data 40MB"

0x00000e700000-0x000010000000: "mtdblock9 backup 25MB"

PPPgeneric driver version 2.4.2

PPPDeflate Compression module registered

PPP BSDCompression module registered

PPP MPPECompression module registered

NET:Registered protocol family 24

dm9000Ethernet Driver, V1.31

eth0: dm9000a at c4864300,c4866304 IRQ 51 MAC:08:00:3e:26:0a:6b(chip)

usbcore:registered new interface driver rt2800usb

ohci_hcd:USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver

s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XXOHCI

s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned busnumber 1

s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000

usb usb1:New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001

usb usb1:New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1

usb usb1:Product: S3C24XXOHCI

usb usb1:Manufacturer: Linux 3.0.0 ohci_hcd

usb usb1:SerialNumber: s3c24xx

hub1-0:1.0: USB hub found

hub1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected

InitializingUSB Mass Storage driver...

usbcore:registered new interface driver usb-storage

USB MassStorage support registered.

usbcore:registered new interface driver usbserial

usbserial:USB Serial Driver core

USBSerial support registered for ch341-uart

usbcore:registered new interface driver ch341

USBSerial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device

usbcore:registered new interface driver ftdi_sio

ftdi_sio:v1.6.0:USB FTDI Serial Converters Driver

USBSerial support registered for GSM modem (1-port)

usbcore:registered new interface driver option

option: v0.7.2:USBDriver for GSM modems

USBSerial support registered for pl2303

usbcore:registered new interface driver pl2303

pl2303:Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver

mousedev:PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

samsung-tss3c2440-ts: driverattached, registering input device

input: S3C24XX TouchScreen as/devices/virtual/input/input0

S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 SimtecElectronics

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0

i2c /dev entries driver

s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: mmc0 - using pio, sw SDIO IRQ

usbcore:registered new interface driver usbhid

usbhid:USB HID core driver

S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio driver

UDA134XSoC Audio Codec

asoc:uda134x-hifi <-> s3c24xx-iismapping ok

ALSAdevice list:

  #0: S3C24XX_UDA134X

Netfiltermessages via NETLINK v0.30.

nf_conntrackversion 0.5.0 (929 buckets, 3716 max)

ctnetlinkv0.93: registering with nfnetlink.

xt_time:kernel timezone is -0000

ip_set:protocol 6

IPVS:Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, AH, ESP)

IPVS:Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=32Kbytes)

IPVS:Creating netns size=1008 id=0

IPVS:ipvs loaded.

IPVS:[rr] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[wrr] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[lc] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[wlc] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[lblc] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[lblcr] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[dh] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[sh] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[sed] scheduler registered.

IPVS:[nq] scheduler registered.

ip_tables:(C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team

ipt_CLUSTERIP:ClusterIP Version 0.8 loaded successfully

arp_tables:(C) 2002 David S. Miller

TCP cubicregistered

NET:Registered protocol family 17

lib80211:common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers

Registeringthe dns_resolver key type

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2047-03-2012:01:06 UTC (2436696066)

dm9000dm9000.0: eth0: link down

usb 1-1:new full speed USB device number 2 using s3c2410-ohci

IP-Config:Complete:

     device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.122,mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.1.1,

     host=localhost, domain=, nis-domain=com,

     bootserver=192.168.1.3,rootserver=192.168.1.3, rootpath=

dm9000dm9000.0: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xCDE1

VFS:Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:12.

Freeinginit memory: 144K

usb 1-1:New USB device found, idVendor=05e3, idProduct=0606

usb 1-1:New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0

usb 1-1:Product: USB Hub 2.0

hub1-1:1.0: USB hub found

hub1-1:1.0: 4 ports detected

 

Copyright(C) 2013 yangzheng<yz2012ww@gmail.com>

rootlogin: root

>: ls

apps     data    etc      init     linuxrc proc     sbin     tmp     var

bin      dev     info     lib      mnt     root     sys      usr

下面就测试一下:

在开发板上ls

>: ls

apps     data    etc      init     linuxrc proc     sbin     tmp     var

bin      dev     info     lib      mnt     root     sys      usr

在pc上创建一个文件haha

[lingyun@localhostrootfs]$ touch haha

[lingyun@localhostrootfs]$ ls

apps  bin data  dev  etc  haha  info  init lib  linuxrc  mnt proc  root  sbin sys  tmp  usr var

再在开发板上ls

>: ls

apps     data    etc      info     lib     mnt      root     sys     usr

bin      dev     haha    init     linuxrc  proc    sbin     tmp      var

 

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