Android之 获取定位信息总结
获取定位信息总结
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一，概述：
1.1 android原生是有定位api的，但稳定性和准确度远远不够，所以通常需要借助三方SDK获取位置信息
1.2 国内SDK选择性较多，百度，腾讯，高德等定位api，但都是需要在平台建立应用，配置key的，包括基础的定位。
1.3 国外普遍的用google定位api和google地图，google定位是免费的，但地图是需要key的，包括地理编码webapi接口都需要key
1.4 国内就不说了，基本没限制，用哪个厂家的SDK都可以，我们主要说下不采用国内的SDK的方案
二，Android原生定位
2.1 定位普遍采用网络定位或者GPS定位，两者区别也比较大
GPS定位精确度高；但仅能在户外使用，获取定位信息速度慢，耗费电池
Network定位户内户外都能使用，定位速度快，电量耗费低；但精确度不太高
2.2 原生定位实践
public class AndroidLocationActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private Button btnLocation;
private TextView tvResult;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_location);
btnLocation = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_location);
tvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
btnLocation.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
checkLocationServiceOpen();
}
});
}
//检查定位服务是否开启
private void checkLocationServiceOpen() {
if (isLocServiceEnable(this) && isLocServiceEnable(this, 1)) {
initLocation();
} else {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
startActivityForResult(intent, LOCATION_SERVICCE);
}
}
/**
* 手机是否开启位置服务，如果没有开启那么所有app将不能使用定位功能
*/
private final static int LOCATION_SERVICCE = 1;// 定位
private final int REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS = 2;//google权限设置
public boolean isLocServiceEnable(Context context) {
int locationMode = 0;
String locationProviders;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
try {
locationMode = Settings.Secure.getInt(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE);
} catch (Settings.SettingNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
return locationMode != Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE_OFF;
} else {
locationProviders = Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.LOCATION_PROVIDERS_ALLOWED);
return !TextUtils.isEmpty(locationProviders);
}
}
/**
* 手机是否开启位置服务，如果没有开启那么所有app将不能使用定位功能
*/
public boolean isLocServiceEnable(Context context, int type) {
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
boolean gps = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
boolean network = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
if (gps || network) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public void initLocation() {
AndPermission.with(this)
.runtime()
.permission(Permission.Group.LOCATION)
.onGranted(new Action<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onAction(List<String> permissions) {
Log.e(TAG, "onAction: " + "开始定位");
startLocation();
}
})
.onDenied(new Action<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onAction(@NonNull List<String> permissions) {
Log.e(TAG, "onAction: " + "定位失败");
startLocation();
// // 判断用户是不是不再显示权限弹窗了，若不再显示的话进入权限设置页
// if (AndPermission.hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(mContext, permissions)) {
// // 打开权限设置页
// AndPermission.permissionSetting(mContext).start();
// return;
// }
}
})
.start();
}
private LocationManager locationManager;
public void startLocation() {
try {
if (locationManager == null) {
locationManager = (LocationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
}
Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
criteria.setAltitudeRequired(true);
String bestProvider = locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, false);
Log.e(TAG, "最佳的定位方式:" + bestProvider);
//最佳定位方式LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider, 0, 0, myLocationListener);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private LocationListener myLocationListener = new LocationListener() {
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(final Location location) {
locationManager.removeUpdates(myLocationListener);
setLocationResult(location);
}
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
}
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
}
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
}
};
private void setLocationResult(Location location) {
if (location == null) {
tvResult.setText("定位失败");
return;
}
long time = location.getTime();
float accuracy = location.getAccuracy();//获取精确位置
double altitude = location.getAltitude();//获取海拔
double latitude = location.getLatitude();//获取纬度，平行
double longitude = location.getLongitude();//获取经度，垂直
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("time : ");
sb.append(time);
sb.append("\nlatitude : ");
sb.append(latitude);
sb.append("\nlontitude : ");
sb.append(longitude);
Log.e(TAG, "Android定位：\n"+sb.toString() + "\n\n");
tvResult.setText("Android定位：\n"+sb.toString() + "\n\n");
geocoderAddress(location);
}
//获取地址信息:城市、街道等信息
public void geocoderAddress(Location location) {
try {
if (location != null) {
Geocoder gc = new Geocoder(this, Locale.getDefault());
List<Address> result = gc.getFromLocation(location.getLatitude(),
location.getLongitude(), 1);
Log.e(TAG, "获取地址信息：" + result.toString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == LOCATION_SERVICCE) {//开启定位服务
if (isLocServiceEnable(this) && isLocServiceEnable(this, 1)) {
checkLocationServiceOpen();
}
} else if (requestCode == REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS) {
switch (resultCode) {
case Activity.RESULT_OK:
// All required changes were successfully made
Log.e("locationSettingCallback", "RESULT_OK");
startLocation();
break;
case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:
Log.e("locationSettingCallback", "RESULT_CANCELED");
// The user was asked to change settings, but chose not to
// googleLocationStar();
// checkLocationPermission();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}注意：
Geocoder的使用
1，Geocoder该类用于获取地理位置的前向编码和反向编码，前向编码是根据地址获取经纬度；反向编码是根据经纬度获取对应的详细地址
2，Geocoder 请求的是一个后台服务，但是该服务不包括在标准android framework中，因此如果当前设备不包含location services，则Geocoder返回的地址或者经纬度为空。大部分手机可能都用不了，不支持的会闪退，做好异常处理
监听设置
设置成功后需要取消监听，否则下载再定位不会更新位置
locationManager.removeUpdates(myLocationListener);
三 google定位实践
3.1 用google限制比较大
- 首先手机要支持google服务，但国产手机由于各厂家的定制化严重，基本上都不会默认带google服务
- 手机网络需要VPN，不然也用不了国外的服务
3.2 解决限制的方法
安装google三件套，谷歌服务框架、商店和google账户管理程序，方法可以自己去搜。同时安装翻网工具，这个也自己去搜
3.2 示例
module级build.gradle添加定位依赖
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:18.0.0'
在清单文件添加权限
<!-- 位置信息 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />java源码
public class GoogleLocationActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private Button btnLocation;
private TextView tvResult;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_location);
btnLocation = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_location);
tvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
btnLocation.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
checkLocationServiceOpen();
}
});
}
//检查定位服务是否开启
private void checkLocationServiceOpen() {
if (isLocServiceEnable(this) && isLocServiceEnable(this, 1)) {
initLocation();
} else {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
startActivityForResult(intent, LOCATION_SERVICCE);
}
}
/**
* 手机是否开启位置服务，如果没有开启那么所有app将不能使用定位功能
*/
private final static int LOCATION_SERVICCE = 1;// 定位
private final int REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS = 2;//google权限设置
public boolean isLocServiceEnable(Context context) {
int locationMode = 0;
String locationProviders;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
try {
locationMode = Settings.Secure.getInt(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE);
} catch (Settings.SettingNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
return locationMode != Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE_OFF;
} else {
locationProviders = Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.LOCATION_PROVIDERS_ALLOWED);
return !TextUtils.isEmpty(locationProviders);
}
}
/**
* 手机是否开启位置服务，如果没有开启那么所有app将不能使用定位功能
*/
public boolean isLocServiceEnable(Context context, int type) {
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
boolean gps = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
boolean network = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
if (gps || network) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public void initLocation() {
AndPermission.with(this)
.runtime()
.permission(Permission.Group.LOCATION)
.onGranted(new Action<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onAction(List<String> permissions) {
Log.e(TAG, "onAction: " + "开始定位");
initGooglePlayService();
}
})
.onDenied(new Action<List<String>>() {
@Override
public void onAction(@NonNull List<String> permissions) {
Log.e(TAG, "onAction: " + "定位失败");
initGooglePlayService();
// // 判断用户是不是不再显示权限弹窗了，若不再显示的话进入权限设置页
// if (AndPermission.hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(mContext, permissions)) {
// // 打开权限设置页
// AndPermission.permissionSetting(mContext).start();
// return;
// }
}
})
.start();
}
//连接google服务
private void initGooglePlayService() {
GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)
.addApi(LocationServices.API)
.addConnectionCallbacks(new GoogleApiClient.ConnectionCallbacks() {
@Override
public void onConnected(@Nullable Bundle bundle) {
Log.e(TAG, "onConnected");
initGoogleLocation();
}
@Override
public void onConnectionSuspended(int i) {
Log.e(TAG, "onConnectionSuspended" + "---i");
//startBaiduLocation();
}
})
.addOnConnectionFailedListener(new GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener() {
@Override
public void onConnectionFailed(@NonNull ConnectionResult connectionResult) {
Log.e(TAG, "onConnectionFailed---" + connectionResult.getErrorCode() + "---" + connectionResult.getErrorMessage());
//startBaiduLocation();
}
})
.build();
mGoogleApiClient.connect();
}
private LocationRequest locationRequest;
private void initGoogleLocation() {
try {
locationRequest = LocationRequest.create();
// locationRequest.setInterval(20000);
// locationRequest.setFastestInterval(10000);
// locationRequest.setNumUpdates(1);
// locationRequest.setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY);
LocationSettingsRequest.Builder builder = new LocationSettingsRequest.Builder()
.addLocationRequest(locationRequest);
SettingsClient client = LocationServices.getSettingsClient(this);
Task<LocationSettingsResponse> task = client.checkLocationSettings(builder.build());
task.addOnSuccessListener(this, new OnSuccessListener<LocationSettingsResponse>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(LocationSettingsResponse locationSettingsResponse) {
Log.e(TAG, "onSuccess");
startLocation();
}
});
task.addOnFailureListener(this, new OnFailureListener() {
@Override
public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "onFailure");
if (e instanceof ResolvableApiException) {
// Location settings are not satisfied, but this can be fixed
// by showing the user a dialog.
try {
// Show the dialog by calling startResolutionForResult(),
// and check the result in onActivityResult().
ResolvableApiException resolvable = (ResolvableApiException) e;
resolvable.startResolutionForResult(GoogleLocationActivity.this,
REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS);
} catch (IntentSender.SendIntentException sendEx) {
// Ignore the error.
}
}
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
private Location lastKnownLocation;
private FusedLocationProviderClient locationProviderClient;
private void startLocation() {
// Construct a FusedLocationProviderClient.
if (locationProviderClient == null) {
locationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);
}
/*
* Get the best and most recent location of the device, which may be null in rare
* cases when a location is not available.
*/
try {
Task<Location> locationResult = locationProviderClient.getLastLocation();
locationResult.addOnCompleteListener(this, new OnCompleteListener<Location>() {
@Override
public void onComplete(Task<Location> task) {
if (task.isSuccessful()) {
// Set the map's camera position to the current location of the device.
lastKnownLocation = task.getResult();
if(lastKnownLocation!=null){
updateLocation();
}else {
startNewLocation();
}
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "Current location is null. Using defaults.");
Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.getException());
}
}
});
} catch (SecurityException e) {
Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
}
}
//开始google定位
private void startNewLocation() {
if (locationProviderClient == null) {
locationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);
}
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// TODO: Consider calling
// ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
// here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
// public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
// int[] grantResults)
// to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
// for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
return;
}
Log.e(TAG, "startGoogleLocation11: " + "开始Google定位");
locationProviderClient.requestLocationUpdates(locationRequest,
locationCallback,
Looper.getMainLooper())
.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Void>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Void unused) {
Log.e(TAG, "onSuccess: ");
}
});
}
//定期接受位置信息
LocationCallback locationCallback = new LocationCallback() {
@Override
public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {
locationProviderClient.removeLocationUpdates(locationCallback);
lastKnownLocation=locationResult.getLastLocation();
updateLocation();
}
@Override
public void onLocationAvailability(@NonNull LocationAvailability locationAvailability) {
super.onLocationAvailability(locationAvailability);
Log.e(TAG, "数量3："+locationAvailability.isLocationAvailable());
}
};
private void updateLocation(){
if (lastKnownLocation != null) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("time : ");
sb.append(lastKnownLocation.getTime());
sb.append("\nlatitude : ");
sb.append(lastKnownLocation.getLatitude());
sb.append("\nlontitude : ");
sb.append(lastKnownLocation.getLongitude());
Log.e(TAG, "google定位：\n"+sb.toString() + "\n\n");
tvResult.setText("google定位：\n"+sb.toString() + "\n\n");
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == LOCATION_SERVICCE) {//开启定位服务
if (isLocServiceEnable(this) && isLocServiceEnable(this, 1)) {
checkLocationServiceOpen();
}
} else if (requestCode == REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS) {
switch (resultCode) {
case Activity.RESULT_OK:
// All required changes were successfully made
Log.e("locationSettingCallback", "RESULT_OK");
startLocation();
break;
case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:
Log.e("locationSettingCallback", "RESULT_CANCELED");
// The user was asked to change settings, but chose not to
// googleLocationStar();
// checkLocationPermission();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}3.3 注意：
流程上可以先调android原生->再调google最后一次位置->没最后位置就更新位置来确保能获取到定位信息。
3.4 一定要先请求位置权限，不然会报无权限
3.5 定位精度可以去掉，经尝试加上的话室内一直加载失败
locationRequest.setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY);
四 总结
国内哪个都可以，国外可以原生和google共用，毕竟google限制条件多，对定位要求不高可以用原生，要求高只能用google定位了
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