使用 kubeadm 部署集群

本文通过 kubeadm 的方式来安装Kubernetes集群。

服务器名称	内网IP	角色
xz-master	192.168.10.204	k8s-master
xz-node01	192.168.10.205	k8s-node
xz-node02	192.168.10.207	k8s-node

安装 kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl

基于Centos7.9操作系统安装：

#!/bin/bash

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

# Setup required sysctl params, these persist across reboots.
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF

# Apply sysctl params without reboot
sysctl --system

# 卸载旧版本
yum remove -y containerd.io

# 设置 yum repository
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 安装 containerd
yum install -y containerd.io-1.4.3

mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

sed -i "s#k8s.gcr.io#registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio#g"  /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i '/containerd.runtimes.runc.options/a\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SystemdCgroup = true' /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "s#https://registry-1.docker.io#${REGISTRY_MIRROR}#g"  /etc/containerd/config.toml


systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable containerd
systemctl restart containerd

# 安装 nfs-utils
# 必须先安装 nfs-utils 才能挂载 nfs 网络存储
yum install -y nfs-utils
yum install -y wget

# 关闭 防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭 SeLinux
setenforce 0
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭 swap
swapoff -a
yes | cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak
cat /etc/fstab_bak |grep -v swap > /etc/fstab

# 配置K8S的yum源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

# 卸载旧版本
yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
# 将 ${1} 替换为 kubernetes 版本号，例如 1.20.1
yum install -y kubelet-${1} kubeadm-${1} kubectl-${1}

crictl config runtime-endpoint /run/containerd/containerd.sock

# 重启 docker，并启动 kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

containerd --version
kubelet --version

使用 kubeadm 创建Kubernetes v1.26.x 单Master节点

yum update

export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

# 只在 master 节点执行
# 替换 x.x.x.x 为 master 节点的内网IP
# export 命令只在当前 shell 会话中有效，开启新的 shell 窗口后，如果要继续安装过程，请重新执行此处的 export 命令
export MASTER_IP=x.x.x.x
# 替换 apiserver.demo 为 您想要的 dnsName
export APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.demo
# Kubernetes 容器组所在的网段，该网段安装完成后，由 kubernetes 创建，事先并不存在于您的物理网络中
export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.0/16
echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts

#!/bin/bash

# 只在 master 节点执行

# 脚本出错时终止执行
set -e

if [ ${#POD_SUBNET} -eq 0 ] || [ ${#APISERVER_NAME} -eq 0 ]; then
  echo -e "\033[31;1m请确保您已经设置了环境变量 POD_SUBNET 和 APISERVER_NAME \033[0m"
  echo 当前POD_SUBNET=$POD_SUBNET
  echo 当前APISERVER_NAME=$APISERVER_NAME
  exit 1
fi


# 查看完整配置选项 https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2
rm -f ./kubeadm-config.yaml
cat <<EOF > ./kubeadm-config.yaml
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v${1}
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/k8sxio
controlPlaneEndpoint: "${APISERVER_NAME}:6443"
networking:
  serviceSubnet: "10.96.0.0/16"
  podSubnet: "${POD_SUBNET}"
  dnsDomain: "cluster.local"
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
  imageRepository: swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com${2}
  imageTag: 1.8.0

---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
EOF

# kubeadm init
# 根据您服务器网速的情况，您需要等候 3 - 10 分钟
echo ""
echo "抓取镜像，请稍候..."
kubeadm config images pull --config=kubeadm-config.yaml
echo ""
echo "初始化 Master 节点"
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs

# 配置 kubectl
rm -rf /root/.kube/
mkdir /root/.kube/
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config


curl -sSL https://kuboard.cn/install-script/v1.22.x/init_master.sh | sh -s 1.22.3 /coredns


# 只在 master 节点执行

# 执行如下命令，等待 3-10 分钟，直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态
watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide

# 查看 master 节点初始化结果
kubectl get nodes -o wide

网络插件安装

calico

export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.0/16
kubectl apply -f https://kuboard.cn/install-script/v1.22.x/calico-operator.yaml
wget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/v1.22.x/calico-custom-resources.yaml
sed -i "s#192.168.0.0/16#${POD_SUBNET}#" calico-custom-resources.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico-custom-resources.yaml

flannel

export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.0/16
wget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/flannel/flannel-v0.14.0.yaml
sed -i "s#10.244.0.0/16#${POD_SUBNET}#" flannel-v0.14.0.yaml
kubectl apply -f ./flannel-v0.14.0.yaml

初始化 worker节点

获得 join命令参数

# 只在 master 节点执行
kubeadm token create --print-join-command

初始化worker

# 只在 worker 节点执行
# 替换 x.x.x.x 为 master 节点的内网 IP
export MASTER_IP=x.x.x.x
# 替换 apiserver.demo 为初始化 master 节点时所使用的 APISERVER_NAME
export APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.demo
echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts

# 替换为 master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令的输出
kubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token mpfjma.4vjjg8flqihor4vt     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303

检查初始化结果

kubectl get node -owide