什么是docker-compose？

docker-compose是docker的容器编排工具。通过配置yml文件来compose 我们开发过程中所需要的服务。

ps: 虽然生产上大部分用的是k8s,但是我们自己开发的时候，可以用docker-compose 来快速的起服务，用什么起什么，极其方便。（至于安装，在这里不做过多的讲解）

先看下实例

docker-compose-mysql.yml

version: '3' #基于compose哪个版本定制，1已经废弃，目前2和3
services:
  mysql:
    container_name: mysql_dev  # 给容器起个名
    image: "mysql:5.7"
    # https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql?tab=description
    environment: # 设置环境变量,相当于docker run命令中的-e,boolean类型得用引号引起来
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      LANG: en_US.UTF-8
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "123456" # root密码
#      MYSQL_USER: 'yxkong'  # 新增超级用户（直接访问MYSQL_DATABASE）
#      MYSQL_PASS: '123456'  # 新增超级用户的密码
      MYSQL_DATABASE: demo  # 初始化的数据库名称
    restart: always  # 容器退出以后的重启策略
    ports: # 端口映射
      - 3306:3306
    volumes: # 数据卷挂载路径设置,将本机目录映射到容器目录
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf" # 本机的mysql配置文件
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql"   # 数据目录挂载
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/log/error.log:/var/log/mysql/error.log" # 异常日志输出
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/" # 初始sql 支持几种格式

执行

sudo docker-compose -f docker-compose-mysql.yml up -d

-f：指定docker-compose.yml文件路径
-d：后台启动

常见配置说明

• container_name：自定义容器名称

• image：容器运行的镜像,可去https://hub.docker.com/搜索

• cgroup_parent：为容器指定父的cgroup组，同时也继承了该cgroup的资源限制。

• environment: 设置环境变量,相当于docker run命令中的-e，boolean类型的用引号引起来

• command：覆盖容器启动的默认命令

• depends_on：设置依赖关系，启动时：先启动依赖项，停止时：按依赖项倒序停止

• deploy：部署策略（开发环境没必要关注，可以用来限制cpu和内存）

• expose：暴露端口，但不映射到宿主机，只被连接的服务访问，可以范围

• logging：服务的日志配置

• restart：默认no，任何情况都不会重启；always，总是重启；on-failure，非正常退出时重启；unless-stopped 重视重启（排除docker守护进程启动时就停止的）

• ulimits：设置ulimit

• volumes：将本机目录或文件映射到容器

version: "3"
services:
  redis:
    container_name: redis_demo
    image: redis
    command: redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --requirepass 123456 --appendonly yes
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      LANG: en_US.UTF-8
    volumes:
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/redis/data:/data"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf"
    ports:
      - 6380:6379
    deploy:
      mode：replicated # replicated：复制服务，复制指定服务到集群的机器上；global：全局服务，服务将部署至集群的每个节点。
      replicas: 2 # replicated模式下的节点数量
      labels:
        description: "This redis service label"
      resources: #配置服务可使用的资源限制
        limits:
          cpus: '0.50'
          memory: 200M
        reservations:
          cpus: '0.25'
          memory: 200M
      restart_policy: # 重启策略
        condition: on-failure # 可选 none、on-failure、any（默认：any）
        delay: 2s # 延迟5秒重启，默认0
        max_attempts: 2  # 最大重试测试，默认一直重试
        window: 60s  # 重启超时时间
      rollback_config: # 回滚策略
        parallelism: 1 # 一次回滚的容器，0，一下子全回滚
        delay: 5s # 每个容器回滚的等待时间
        failure_action: pause # 回滚失败pause，还有一个是continue
        monitor: 10s # 更新后观察10s是否有异常
        max_failure_ratio: 0 # 容忍的故障率
        order: stop-first # 操作顺序 stop-first 串行回滚，start-first 并行回滚，默认stop-first
    logging:
      driver: json-file #json-file、syslog、none
      options:
        #syslog-address: "tcp://127.0.0.1:22" 使用syslog时，可以指定
        max-size: "200k" # 单个文件大小为200k
        max-file: "10" # 最多10个文件
    ulimits:
      nproc: 65535
      nofile:
        soft: 10240
        hard: 10240
    

我们来看下docker-compose 命令

Usage:
  docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [--profile <name>...] [options] [--] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
  docker-compose -h|--help

Options:
  -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file # 指定compose的yml文件
                              (default: docker-compose.yml)
  -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name # 项目名称
                              (default: directory name)
  --profile NAME              Specify a profile to enable
  -c, --context NAME          Specify a context name
  --verbose                   Show more output
  --log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
  --ansi (never|always|auto)  Control when to print ANSI control characters
  --no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters (DEPRECATED)
  -v, --version               Print version and exit
  -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to

  --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
  --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
  --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
  --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
  --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the
                              name specified in the client certificate
  --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory
                              (default: the path of the Compose file)
  --compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert keys
                              in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent (DEPRECATED)
  --env-file PATH             Specify an alternate environment file

Commands:
  build              Build or rebuild services #构建镜像 docker-compose build --no-cache 无缓存构建
  config             Validate and view the Compose file #校验文件格式是否正确 docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml config
  create             Create services # 创建容器
  down               Stop and remove resources # 停止服务
  events             Receive real time events from containers
  exec               Execute a command in a running container # 执行
  help               Get help on a command
  images             List images # 列出镜像
  kill               Kill containers
  logs               View output from containers # 查看容器的log
  pause              Pause services #
  port               Print the public port for a port binding
  ps                 List containers # 快速查看compose文件中的容器
  pull               Pull service images # 拉取镜像
  push               Push service images
  restart            Restart services # 重启服务
  rm                 Remove stopped containers
  run                Run a one-off command
  scale              Set number of containers for a service
  start              Start services # 启动容器
  stop               Stop services # 停止容器
  top                Display the running processes
  unpause            Unpause services
  up                 Create and start containers # 创建并启动容器 docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
  version            Show version information and quit

可以通过docker-compose 命令 --help查看具体的命令

yxkdeMacBook-Pro:doc yxk$ docker-compose  ps --help
List containers.

Usage: ps [options] [--] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    -q, --quiet          Only display IDs
    --services           Display services
    --filter KEY=VAL     Filter services by a property
    -a, --all            Show all stopped containers (including those created by the run command)

安装常用的开发工具

包括：kafka、redis、eureka、mysql、nacos 等

docker-compose.yml 文件

version: '3'
services:
  zookeeper:
    container_name: zookeeper_dev
    image: zookeeper:3.5.5
    restart: always
    hostname: zookeeper
    ports:
      - 2181:2181
    volumes:
      - "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/zookeeper/data:/data"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/zookeeper/log:/var/log/zookeeper"
  kafka:
    container_name: kafka_dev
    image: wurstmeister/kafka:2.12-2.2.1
    hostname: kafka
    # 配置参数见：https://hub.docker.com/r/wurstmeister/kafka
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 9092:9092
    environment:
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
#      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: kafka
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_PORT: 9092                                      # 端口
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://10.203.8.28:9092  #配置宿主机ip或容器和宿主机都能识别的ip ，这个配置是kafka发布到zk上的，供外部使用，默认使用容器的id，容器id和容器的ip会在hosts里做映射
      KAFKA_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092            # 全网监听，定义kafka的服务监听
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
      KAFKA_CREATE_TOPICS: "zipkin:1:1,zipkin.log.info:1:1,zipkin.log.warn:1:1,zipkin.log.error:1:1"
      KAFKA_MESSAGE_MAX_BYTES: 6000000
      KAFKA_REPLICA_FETCH_MAX_BYTES: 6000000
      KAFKA_GROUP_MAX_SESSION_TIMEOUT_MS: 60000
      KAFKA_NUM_PARTITIONS: 2
    volumes:
      - "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
     # - "/Users/yxk/docker/kafka/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
     # - "/Users/yxk/docker/kafka/data:/kafka"   # kafka数据
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper
  kafka-manager:
    container_name: kafka_manager_dev
    image: sheepkiller/kafka-manager
    restart: always
    links:
      - zookeeper
      - kafka
    environment:
      ZK_HOSTS: zookeeper:2181
      APPLICATION_SECRET: "yxkong"
      KAFKA_MANAGER_AUTH_ENABLED: "true"  # 开启kafka-manager权限校验
      KAFKA_MANAGER_USERNAME: 5ycode       # 登陆账户
      KAFKA_MANAGER_PASSWORD: yxkong      # 登陆密码
      KM_ARGS: -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
    ports:
      - 9000:9000
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper
    volumes:
      - "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
  redis:
    container_name: redis_dev
    image: redis
    restart: always
    command: redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --requirepass 123456 --appendonly yes
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      LANG: en_US.UTF-8
    volumes:
      - "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/redis/data:/data"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf"
    ports:
      - 6379:6379
  mysql:
    container_name: mysql_dev
    image: "mysql:5.7"
#    hostname: yxkong
    # https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql?tab=description
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      LANG: en_US.UTF-8
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "123456" # root密码
#      MYSQL_USER: 'yxkong'  # 新增超级用户（直接访问MYSQL_DATABASE）
#      MYSQL_PASS: '123456'  # 新增超级用户的密码
      MYSQL_DATABASE: demo  # 初始化的数据库名称,只能填写一个，多张库表的创建可以放到sql文件中
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    volumes:
      - "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/log/error.log:/var/log/mysql/error.log"
      - "/Users/yxk/docker/mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/"
#  nacos:
#    container_name: nacos_dev
#    image: "nacos/nacos-server:v2.0.3"
#    #    env_file:
#    #      - ../nacos/nacos-standlone-mysql.env
#    environment:
#      - "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
#      - PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname                 # 如果支持主机名可以使用hostname,否则使用ip，默认也是ip
#      - MODE=standalone                           # 单机模式启动
##      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql          # 数据源平台 仅支持mysql或不保存empty
#      # TODO 修改mysql连接信息
#      - MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=127.0.0.1    # 注：这里不能为`127.0.0.1`或`localhost`方式！！！
#      - MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos
#      - MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306
#      - MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=root
#      - MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=123456
#      - MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_PARAM=characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false
#      # TODO 修改JVM调优参数
#      - JVM_XMS=128m   #-Xms default :2g
#      - JVM_XMX=128m   #-Xmx default :2g
#      - JVM_XMN=64m    #-Xmn default :1g
#      - JVM_MS=32m     #-XX:MetaspaceSize default :128m
#      - JVM_MMS=32m    #-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize default :320m
#      - NACOS_DEBUG=n  #是否开启远程debug，y/n，默认n
#      - TOMCAT_ACCESSLOG_ENABLED=false #是否开始tomcat访问日志的记录，默认false
#    restart: always
#    ports:
#      - "8848:8848"
#      - "9848:9848"
#      - "9555:9555"
#    volumes:
#      - "./logs:/home/nacos/logs/"
#      - "./custom.properties:/home/nacos/init.d/custom.properties"
#      - "./nacos/application.properties:/home/nacos/conf/application.properties"
#    depends_on:
#      - mysql
  eureka-server:
    image: 5ycode/eureka:0.1
    container_name: eureka-server_dev
    restart: always
    environment:
      - "/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime"
      - JVM_XMS=312m
      - JVM_XMX=312m
      - REMOTE_DEBUG=y
    ports:
      - "8765:8765"
    volumes:
      - ./logs/eureka-server:/logs

ps:一定要注意网络，通过compose发布的，都是可以互联互通，外部应用访问，最好通过宿主机的ip来。

mysql的配置文件my.cnf

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
# MySQL启动用户
user=mysql
#mysql服务端监听端口
port  = 3306
# 创建新表时的设置默认引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
#设置默认字符
character-set-server=utf8
#mysql数据库存放目录
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
#服务端pid进程文件,若丢失则重启Mysql重新生成,若重启失败,
#则可能由于mysqld进程未杀死,用pkill mysql后则能重启成功Mysql
pid-file =/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#指定错误日志目录
log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log

# 指定服务器id(同一局域网内要唯一)
server_id = 22

# binlog文件(不要和数据库放一起)
#log-bin=/var/lib/binlog/
# binlog格式
# 1. STATEMENT：基于SQL语句的模式，binlog 数据量小，但是某些语句和函数在复制过程可能导致数据不一致甚至出错；
# 2. MIXED：混合模式，根据语句来选用是 STATEMENT 还是 ROW 模式；
# 3. ROW：基于行的模式，记录的是行的完整变化。安全，但 binlog 会比其他两种模式大很多；
binlog_format=ROW
# FULL：binlog记录每一行的完整变更 MINIMAL：只记录影响后的行
binlog_row_image=FULL
# 日志文件大小
max_binlog_size=256M
# 定义清除过期日志的时间(这里设置为7天)
expire_logs_days=7

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
lower_case_table_names=1
# 定义mysql应该支持的sql语法，数据校验等!
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
performance_schema_max_table_instances=400
table_definition_cache=400
table_open_cache=256
max_allowed_packet = 32M

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
#配置mysql的内存大小，一般数据库服务器的80%
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# MySQL绑定IP
#bind-address   = 127.0.0.1
#设置最大链接数
max_connections=200

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8

redis.conf文件

直接 wget http://download.redis.io/redis-stable/redis.conf 或者用下面

# 开启保护模式后，需要 bind ip 或 设置密码
protected-mode yes
port 6379
tcp-backlog 511
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 300
daemonize no
supervised no
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
loglevel notice
logfile ""
databases 16
always-show-logo yes
# 900秒内，如果超过1个key被修改，则发起快照保存
save 900 1
# 300秒内，如果超过10个key被修改，则发起快照保存
save 300 10
# 60秒内，如果1万个key被修改，则发起快照保存
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
rdb-del-sync-files no
dir ./
replica-serve-stale-data yes
replica-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-diskless-load disabled
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
replica-priority 100
acllog-max-len 128
# 设置密码 docker命令上已经设置了
# requirepass 123456
lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
replica-lazy-flush no
lazyfree-lazy-user-del no
oom-score-adj no
oom-score-adj-values 0 200 800
appendonly no
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
# 每次操作都会立即写入aof文件中
# appendfsync always
# 每秒持久化一次(默认配置)
appendfsync everysec
# 不主动进行同步操作，默认30s一次
# appendfsync no
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
aof-use-rdb-preamble yes
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-size -2
list-compress-depth 0
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
stream-node-max-bytes 4096
stream-node-max-entries 100
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
dynamic-hz yes
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
rdb-save-incremental-fsync yes
jemalloc-bg-thread yes

安装过程中遇到的坑：

• Creating zookeeper_dev 或Starting zookeeper_dev 卡住，然后报UnixHTTPConnectionPool(host=‘localhost’, port=None): Read timed out.

sudo docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
Password:
Starting redis_dev ... 
Starting mysql_dev ... 
Starting zookeeper_dev ... 

ERROR: for redis_dev  UnixHTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=None): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)

ERROR: for mysql_dev  UnixHTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=None): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)

ERROR: for zookeeper_dev  UnixHTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=None): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)

ERROR: for redis  UnixHTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=None): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)

ERROR: for mysql  UnixHTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=None): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)

ERROR: for zookeeper  UnixHTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=None): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)

习惯想应该是某个配置，可以调节。

百度了下，将/etc/profile 配置了超时时间

export DOCKER_CLIENT_TIMEOUT=500
export COMPOSE_HTTP_TIMEOUT=500

还报这个错。

解决办法：重启docker 解决

常用的一些命令：

# 查看本地镜像
docker images
# 删除本地镜像
docker rmi  容器名
# 查看容器
docker ps
# 创建并运行容器
docker run -it --name 起的名  镜像名
# 查看容器日志
docker logs -f 容器ID
# 容器启动、重启、停止
docker start restart stop 容器名或id
# 进入容器并打开新的交互终端
docker exec -it 容器名 /bin/bash
​
# 常用组合命令
# 查询指定内容的images的id
 docker images|grep zookeeper | awk '{print $3}'
# 删除指定image
docker images|grep zookeeper | awk '{print $3}'|xargs docker rmi
# 删除指定内容的容器
docker ps|grep mysql| awk '{print $1}'|xargs docker rm
# 删除所有容器
docker stop `docker ps -q -a` | xargs docker rm
# 查找容器IP地址
docker inspect 容器名或ID | grep "IPAddress"
​
# 查看zk中注册kafka信息
docker exec -it zookeeper_dev bash bin/zkCli.sh
# 查看brokers相关信息
ls /brokers/ids/1
get /brokers/ids/1