一、部署master组件

1、在master上操作，api-server生成证书

[root@localhost k8s]# unzip master.zip
[root@localhost k8s]# mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{cfg,bin,ssl} -p
[root@localhost k8s]# mkdir k8s-cert
[root@localhost k8s]# cd k8s-cert/
[root@localhost k8s-cert]# ls
k8s-cert.sh

查看下脚本内容

[root@localhost k8s-cert]# vim k8s-cert.sh
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
      	    "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

#-----------------------

cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.221.70",  //master1
      "192.168.221.80",  //master2
      "192.168.221.200",  //vip
      "192.168.221.110",  //lb （master）
      "192.168.221.120",  //lb （backup）
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

#-----------------------

cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

#-----------------------

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

ip地址有master地址，lb负载均衡地址，和虚拟地址

不用写node节点，层次化管理

vip是lb之间做双机热备的虚拟IP

如果这些节点之间的IP地址出现变化，那么证书就需要重新生成

10.0.0.1和127.0.0.1是固定格式，不用动

2、生成k8s证书

[root@localhost k8s-cert]# bash k8s-cert.sh 

[root@localhost k8s-cert]# ls *pem
admin-key.pem  ca-key.pem  kube-proxy-key.pem  server-key.pem
admin.pem      ca.pem      kube-proxy.pem      server.pem

3、将ca和server的证书复制到工作目录/opt/kubernetes/ssl/下

[root@master1 k8s-cert]# cp ca*.pem server*.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@master1 k8s-cert]# ls /kubernetes/ssl/
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem

4、解压kubernetes-server-linux-amd软件包

[root@localhost k8s-cert]# cd ..
#解压kubernetes压缩包
[root@localhost k8s]# tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@localhost k8s]# cd /root/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin

5、复制关键命令文件

[root@localhost bin]# cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/

6、验证身份的token令牌，首先生成随机序列号

[root@localhost k8s]# cd /root/k8s
[root@localhost k8s]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
0fb61c46f8991b718eb38d27b605b008,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
序列号，用户名，id，角色
//使用 head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ' 可以随机生成序列号

kubelet-boostrap用户设置在master上，用来管理下面的kubelet

system:kubelet-bootstrap是角色身份级别

kubelet-bootstrap是具体的用户的名字

7、二进制文件，token，证书都准备好，开启apiserver

[root@localhost k8s]# bash apiserver.sh 192.168.221.70 https://192.168.221.70:2379,https://192.168.221.90:2379,https://192.168.221.100:2379

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.

8、检查进程是否启动成功

[root@localhost k8s]# ps aux | grep kube

9、查看配置文件

[root@localhost k8s]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver 

10、监听https的端口

[root@localhost k8s]# netstat -ntap | grep 6443
tcp        0      0 192.168.195.149:6443    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      46459/kube-apiserve 
tcp        0      0 192.168.195.149:6443    192.168.195.149:36806   ESTABLISHED 46459/kube-apiserve 
tcp        0      0 192.168.195.149:36806   192.168.195.149:6443    ESTABLISHED 46459/kube-apiserve 

[root@localhost k8s]# netstat -ntap | grep 8080
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8080          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      46459/kube-apiserve 

11、启动scheduler服务

[root@localhost k8s]# ./scheduler.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.

[root@localhost k8s]# ps aux | grep ku

12、启动controller-manager

[root@localhost k8s]# chmod +x controller-manager.sh 

[root@localhost k8s]# ./controller-manager.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.

13、查看master 节点状态

[root@localhost k8s]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   

二、node节点部署

#master上操作

1、把 kubelet、kube-proxy拷贝到node节点上去

[root@localhost bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.221.90:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
root@192.168.221.100's password: 
kubelet                                                           100%  168MB  27.9MB/s   00:06    
kube-proxy                                                        100%   48MB  31.5MB/s   00:01

[root@localhost bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.221.100:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
root@192.168.221.100's password: 
kubelet                                                           100%  168MB  56.1MB/s   00:03    
kube-proxy                                                        100%   48MB  37.3MB/s   00:01  

#node01节点操作

2、复制node.zip到/root目录下再解压

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz  node.zip   公共  视频  文档  音乐
flannel.sh       initial-setup-ks.cfg                README.md  模板  图片  下载  桌面
//解压node.zip，获得kubelet.sh  proxy.sh 
[root@localhost ~]# unzip node.zip

#在master上操作

[root@localhost k8s]# mkdir kubeconfig
[root@localhost k8s]# cd kubeconfig/
#拷贝kubeconfig.sh文件进行重命名
[root@localhost kubeconfig]# mv kubeconfig.sh kubeconfig
[root@localhost kubeconfig]# vim kubeconfig 

---------------------删除以下部分--------------------------
# 创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token
#BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=0fb61c46f8991b718eb38d27b605b008

cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

3、获取token信息（红色部分）

[root@localhost ~]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv 
6351d652249951f79c33acdab329e4c4,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

4、配置文件修改为tokenID

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=6351d652249951f79c33acdab329e4c4 \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

5、设置环境变量（可以写入到/etc/profile中）

[root@localhost kubeconfig]# export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@localhost kubeconfig]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

6、生成配置文件

[root@localhost kubeconfig]# bash kubeconfig 192.168.221.70 /root/k8s/k8s-cert/
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kube-proxy" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".

[root@localhost kubeconfig]# ls
bootstrap.kubeconfig  kubeconfig  kube-proxy.kubeconfig

7、拷贝配置文件到node节点

[root@localhost kubeconfig]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.221.90:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
root@192.168.221.90's password: 
bootstrap.kubeconfig                                              100% 2169     2.1MB/s   00:00    
kube-proxy.kubeconfig                                             100% 6275     4.2MB/s   00:00    

[root@localhost kubeconfig]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.221.100:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
root@192.168.221.100's password: 
bootstrap.kubeconfig                                              100% 2169     1.8MB/s   00:00    
kube-proxy.kubeconfig                                             100% 6275     5.3MB/s   00:00    

8、创建bootstrap角色赋予权限用于连接apiserver请求签名（关键）

[root@localhost kubeconfig]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-
bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created

在node01节点上操作

[root@localhost ~]# bash kubelet.sh 192.168.221.90
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to 
/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.

#检查kubelet服务启动
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep kube
root     106845  1.4  1.1 371744 44780 ?        Ssl  00:34   0:01 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=192.168.195.150 --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfgkubelet.config --cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0
root     106876  0.0  0.0 112676   984 pts/0    S+   00:35   0:00 grep --color=auto kube

master上操作

#检查到node01节点的请求
[root@localhost kubeconfig]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-NOI-9vufTLIqJgMWq4fHPNPHKbjCXlDGHptj7FqTa8A   4m27s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending（等待集群给该节点颁发证书）

[root@localhost kubeconfig]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-NOI-9vufTLIqJgMWq4fHPNPHKbjCXlDGHptj7FqTa8A
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-NOI-9vufTLIqJgMWq4fHPNPHKbjCXlDGHptj7FqTa8A approved

#继续查看证书状态
[root@localhost kubeconfig]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-NOI-9vufTLIqJgMWq4fHPNPHKbjCXlDGHptj7FqTa8A   8m56s   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued（已经被允许加入群集）

#查看群集节点，成功加入node01节点
[root@localhost kubeconfig]# kubectl get node
NAME              STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
192.168.221.90   Ready    <none>   118s   v1.12.3

#在node01节点操作，启动proxy服务

[root@localhost ~]# bash proxy.sh 192.168.221.90
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status kube-proxy.service 
● kube-proxy.service - Kubernetes Proxy
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2020-02-02 00:47:29 CST; 11s ago
 Main PID: 108006 (kube-proxy)
   Memory: 7.5M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-proxy.service
           ‣ 108006 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=1...

2月 02 00:47:32 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:32.040427  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:32 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:32.057419  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:34 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:34.059627  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:34 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:34.076914  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:36 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:36.091570  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:36 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:36.105162  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:38 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:38.103518  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:38 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:38.115902  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:40 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:40.113628  108006 config...te
2月 02 00:47:40 localhost.localdomain kube-proxy[108006]: I0202 00:47:40.125818  108006 config...te
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

#node02节点部署
在node01节点操作

//把现成的/opt/kubernetes目录复制到其他节点进行修改即可
[root@localhost ~]# scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ root@192.168.195.151:/opt/
The authenticity of host '192.168.195.151 (192.168.195.151)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:HyV9L/xOcN5435t9zCPMCC63XiwMwgBLIa7L++Gea0k.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4b:01:0f:c3:cb:3e:3a:4c:f0:51:85:fc:c1:6b:c5:fe.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.195.151' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.195.151's password: 
flanneld                                                          100%  241   471.1KB/s   00:00    
bootstrap.kubeconfig                                              100% 2169     2.9MB/s   00:00    
kube-proxy.kubeconfig                                             100% 6275    10.3MB/s   00:00    
kubelet                                                           100%  379   130.7KB/s   00:00    
kubelet.config                                                    100%  269   420.0KB/s   00:00    
kubelet.kubeconfig                                                100% 2298     3.5MB/s   00:00    
kube-proxy                                                        100%  191   353.2KB/s   00:00    
mk-docker-opts.sh                                                 100% 2139     4.5MB/s   00:00    
flanneld                                                          100%   35MB  50.5MB/s   00:00    
kubelet                                                           100%  168MB  84.9MB/s   00:01    
kube-proxy                                                        100%   48MB  94.7MB/s   00:00    
kubelet.crt                                                       100% 2197   902.9KB/s   00:00    
kubelet.key                                                       100% 1679     2.3MB/s   00:00    
kubelet-client-2020-02-02-00-42-27.pem                            100% 1277   493.9KB/s   00:00    
kubelet-client-current.pem                                        100% 1277   429.5KB/s   00:00    

//把kubelet，kube-proxy的service文件拷贝到node2中
[root@localhost ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.195.151:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
root@192.168.195.151's password: 
kubelet.service                                                   100%  264   303.9KB/s   00:00    
kube-proxy.service                                                100%  231   209.1KB/s   00:00 

#在node02上操作，进行修改

#首先删除复制过来的证书，等会node02会自行申请证书
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@localhost ssl]# rm -rf *

#修改配置文件kubelet  kubelet.config kube-proxy（三个配置文件）
[root@localhost ssl]# cd ../cfg/
[root@localhost cfg]# vim kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.221.100 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

[root@localhost cfg]# vim kubelet.config 
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.221.100
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true
~                                  

[root@localhost cfg]# vim kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.221.100 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--proxy-mode=ipvs \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

#启动服务
[root@localhost cfg]# systemctl start kubelet.service 
[root@localhost cfg]# systemctl enable kubelet.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.

[root@localhost cfg]# systemctl start kube-proxy.service 
[root@localhost cfg]# systemctl enable kube-proxy.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.

#在master上操作查看请求
[root@localhost k8s]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-OaH9HpIKh6AKlfdjEKm4C6aJ0UT_1YxNaa70yEAxnsU   15s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

#授权许可加入群集
[root@localhost k8s]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-OaH9HpIKh6AKlfdjEKm4C6aJ0UT_1YxNaa70yEAxnsU
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-OaH9HpIKh6AKlfdjEKm4C6aJ0UT_1YxNaa70yEAxnsU approved

#查看群集中的节点
[root@localhost k8s]# kubectl get node
NAME              STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
192.168.221.90   Ready    <none>   21h   v1.12.3
192.168.221.100   Ready    <none>   37s   v1.12.3

三、部署思路（小结）

master节点安装组件：apiserver scheduler controller-manager

node节点安装组件： kubelet proxy

master和node之间的kubelet通讯需要考虑到角色问题

kubelet是master在node的代理

master处的apiserver接收到请求后，scheduler去调度(根据算法自动或者人工手动指定节点)，controller-manager控制资源，将请求推送给目标node节点的kubelet代理去处理

node与master通信也需要验证身份，需要设置一个角色role，设置一个用户