1. 需求:修复与增强写入的数据

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Tags 字段中,逗号分割的文本应该是数组,而不是一个字符串

  • 需求:后期需要对 Tags 进行 Aggregation 统计

2. Ingest Node

Elasticsearch 5.0 后,引入的一种新的节点类型。默认配置下,每个节点都是 Ingest Node

  • 具有预处理数据的能力,可拦截 Index 或者 Bulck API 的请求
  • 对数据进行转换,并重新返回给 Index 和 Bluck API

无需 Logstash ,就可以进行数据的预处理,例如

  • 为某个字段设置默认值;重命名某个字段的字段名;对字段值进行 Split 操作
  • 支持设置 Painless 脚本,对数据进行更加复杂的加工

3. Pipeline & Processor

Pipeline - 管道会对通过的数据(文档),按照顺序进行加工
Processor - Elasticsearch 对一些加工的行为进行了抽象包装
Elasticsearch 有很多内置的 Processors。也支持通过插件的方式,实现自己的 Processsor

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4. 使用 Pipeline 切分字符串

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DELETE tech_blogs

#Blog数据,包含3个字段,tags用逗号间隔
PUT tech_blogs/_doc/1
{
  "title":"Introducing big data......",
  "tags":"hadoop,elasticsearch,spark",
  "content":"You konw, for big data"
}


# 测试split tags
POST _ingest/pipeline/_simulate
{
  "pipeline": {
    "description": "to split blog tags",
    "processors": [
      {
        "split": {
          "field": "tags",
          "separator": ","
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "docs": [
    {
      "_index": "index",
      "_id": "id",
      "_source": {
        "title": "Introducing big data......",
        "tags": "hadoop,elasticsearch,spark",
        "content": "You konw, for big data"
      }
    },
    {
      "_index": "index",
      "_id": "idxx",
      "_source": {
        "title": "Introducing cloud computering",
        "tags": "openstack,k8s",
        "content": "You konw, for cloud"
      }
    }
  ]
}

返回输出:
{
  "docs" : [
    {
      "doc" : {
        "_index" : "index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "id",
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Introducing big data......",
          "content" : "You konw, for big data",
          "tags" : [
            "hadoop",
            "elasticsearch",
            "spark"
          ]
        },
        "_ingest" : {
          "timestamp" : "2021-03-08T03:21:26.220387Z"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "doc" : {
        "_index" : "index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "idxx",
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Introducing cloud computering",
          "content" : "You konw, for cloud",
          "tags" : [
            "openstack",
            "k8s"
          ]
        },
        "_ingest" : {
          "timestamp" : "2021-03-08T03:21:26.220411Z"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
#同时为文档,增加一个字段。blog查看量
POST _ingest/pipeline/_simulate
{
  "pipeline": {
    "description": "to split blog tags",
    "processors": [
      {
        "split": {
          "field": "tags",
          "separator": ","
        }
      },

      {
        "set":{
          "field": "views",
          "value": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  },

  "docs": [
    {
      "_index":"index",
      "_id":"id",
      "_source":{
        "title":"Introducing big data......",
  "tags":"hadoop,elasticsearch,spark",
  "content":"You konw, for big data"
      }
    },


    {
      "_index":"index",
      "_id":"idxx",
      "_source":{
        "title":"Introducing cloud computering",
  "tags":"openstack,k8s",
  "content":"You konw, for cloud"
      }
    }

    ]
}


5. 为 ES添加一个 Pipeline


PUT _ingest/pipeline/blog_pipeline
{
  "description": "a blog pipeline",
  "processors": [
      {
        "split": {
          "field": "tags",
          "separator": ","
        }
      },

      {
        "set":{
          "field": "views",
          "value": 0
        }
      }
    ]
}

#查看Pipleline
GET _ingest/pipeline/blog_pipeline


#测试pipeline
POST _ingest/pipeline/blog_pipeline/_simulate
{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_source": {
        "title": "Introducing cloud computering",
        "tags": "openstack,k8s",
        "content": "You konw, for cloud"
      }
    }
  ]
}

6. Pipeline API

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7. 添加 Pipeline 并测试

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# 为ES添加一个 Pipeline
PUT _ingest/pipeline/blog_pipeline
{
  "description": "a blog pipeline",
  "processors": [
    {
      "split": {
        "field": "tags",
        "separator": ","
      }
    },
    {
      "set": {
        "field": "views",
        "value": 0
      }
    }
  ]
}
#测试pipeline
POST _ingest/pipeline/blog_pipeline/_simulate
{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_source": {
        "title": "Introducing cloud computering",
        "tags": "openstack,k8s",
        "content": "You konw, for cloud"
      }
    }
  ]
}

8. Index & Update By Query

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#不使用pipeline更新数据
PUT tech_blogs/_doc/1
{
  "title":"Introducing big data......",
  "tags":"hadoop,elasticsearch,spark",
  "content":"You konw, for big data"
}

#使用pipeline更新数据
PUT tech_blogs/_doc/2?pipeline=blog_pipeline
{
  "title": "Introducing cloud computering",
  "tags": "openstack,k8s",
  "content": "You konw, for cloud"
}

#查看两条数据,一条被处理,一条未被处理
POST tech_blogs/_search
{}

#update_by_query 会导致错误
POST tech_blogs/_update_by_query?pipeline=blog_pipeline
{
}

#增加update_by_query的条件
POST tech_blogs/_update_by_query?pipeline=blog_pipeline
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": {
        "exists": {
          "field": "views"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

10. 一些内置的 Processors

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsea…

  • Split Processor (例如:将给定字段分成一个数组)
  • Remove / Rename Processor (移除一个重命名字段)
  • Append(为商品增加一个新的标签)
  • Convert (将商品价格,从字符串转换成 float 类型)
  • Date / JSON (日期格式转换,字符串转 JSON 对象)
  • Date Index Name Processor (将通过该处理器的文档,分配到指定时间格式的索引中)
  • Fail Processor (一旦出现异常,该 Pipeline 指定的错误信息能返回给用户)
  • Foreach Process (数组字段,数组的每个元素都会使用到一个相同的处理器)
  • Grok Processor (日志的日志格式切割)
  • Gsub / Join / Split (字符串替换、数组转字符串、字符串转数组)
  • Lowercase / Upcase(大小写转换)

11. Ingest Node v.s Logstash

|| Logstash| Ingest Node|
|–|–|
| 数据输入与输出 | 支持从不同的数据源读取,并写入不同的数据源 | 支持从 ES REST API 获取数据,并且写入 ES|
| 数据源缓冲 | 实现了简单的数据队列,支持重写 | 不支持缓冲 |
| 数据处理 | 支持大量的的插件,也支持定制开发 | 内置的插件,可以开发 Plugin 进行扩展(Plugin 更新需要重启)|
| 配置和使用 | 增加了一定的架构复杂度 | 无需额外部署 |

https://www.elastic.co/cn/blog/should-i-us…

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