【Kubernetes】菜鸟学K8S之安装Kubernetes（使用kubeadm安装）
安装Kubernetes在所有节点上安装kubectl、kubelet、kubeadm，设置kubelet开机启动，启动kubelet。kubeadm: the command to bootstrap the cluster.kubelet: the component that runs on all of the machines in your cluster and does thing
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基于Ubuntu20.04的kubeadm安装Kubernetes方法
安装前准备
ubuntu环境设置
（1）操作系统版本
ubuntu@node1:~$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.8.0-45-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-024) (gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #51~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Feb 23 13:46:31 UTC 2021
（2）内核版本
ubuntu@node1:~$ uname -a
Linux node1 5.8.0-45-generic #51~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Feb 23 13:46:31 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
节点IP设置
Ubuntu集群中共有3个节点，其中node1设为master节点，node2和node3设置为node节点。IP地址规划如下：
| 角色 | 主机名称 | IP地址 |
|---|---|---|
| Master | node1 | 192.168.23.126 |
| Node | node2 | 192.168.23.127 |
| Node | node3 | 192.168.23.128 |
节点名称设置
（1）修改hostname
ubuntu@node1:~$ vim /etc/hostname
node1
ubuntu@node2:~$ vim /etc/hostname
node2
ubuntu@node3:~$ vim /etc/hostname
node3
（2）修改/etc/hosts
ubuntu@node1:~$ vim /etc/hosts
192.168.23.126 node1
192.168.23.127 node2
192.168.23.128 node3
配置集群内部免密
（1）安装ssh并生成RSA密钥
$ sudo apt install ssh
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
（2）将id_rsa.pub的内容追加到authorized_keys中（在node1上操作）
$ cd /home/ubuntu/.ssh/
$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
将node2和node3上生成的id_rsa.pub拷贝到node1的authorized_keys中。
（3）将authorized_keys复制到node1和node2中
$ scp authorized_keys ubuntu@node2:/home/ubuntu/.ssh/
$ scp authorized_keys ubuntu@node3:/home/ubuntu/.ssh/
配置集群内部时间同步
（1）安装chrony并配置
$ sudo apt install chrony
（2）配置ntp时间服务器（node1）
$ sudo systemctl status chronyd.service
$ sudo vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
#pool ntp.ubuntu.com iburst maxsources 4
#pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
#pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
#pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 2
# 新增
server 210.72.145.44 iburst #国家授时中心
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst #阿里云时间服务器
# 如果没有则在最后添加
allow 192.168.23.0/24 #去掉注释，允许192.168.23.0/24网段的节点访问
local stratum 10 #去掉注释，开启同步层
$ sudo systemctl restart chronyd.service
$ sudo systemctl enable chronyd.service
$ sudo chronyc sourcestats -v
210 Number of sources = 2
.- Number of sample points in measurement set.
/ .- Number of residual runs with same sign.
| / .- Length of measurement set (time).
| | / .- Est. clock freq error (ppm).
| | | / .- Est. error in freq.
| | | | / .- Est. offset.
| | | | | | On the -.
| | | | | | samples. \
| | | | | | |
Name/IP Address NP NR Span Frequency Freq Skew Offset Std Dev
==============================================================================
210.72.145.44 0 0 0 +0.000 2000.000 +0ns 4000ms
203.107.6.88 0 0 0 +0.000 2000.000 +0ns 4000ms
（3）配置客户端
$ sudo vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
#pool ntp.ubuntu.com iburst maxsources 4
#pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
#pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
#pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 2
server 192.168.23.126 iburst
$ sudo systemctl restart chronyd.service
$ sudo systemctl enable chronyd.service
$ sudo chronyc sourcestats -v
$ timedatectl
Local time: 三 2021-03-03 22:52:35 CST
Universal time: 三 2021-03-03 14:52:35 UTC
RTC time: 三 2021-03-03 14:52:36
Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
NTP service: active
RTC in local TZ: no
关闭防火墙
$ sudo ufw disable
$ sudo ufw reload
禁用SELINUX
首先介绍SELINUX是如何启用的：
（1）The first step is to install SELinux. Use the apt command to install the following packages：
$ sudo apt install policycoreutils selinux-utils selinux-basics
（2）Activate SELinux:
$ sudo selinux-activate
（3）Next, set SELinux to enforcing mode:
$ sudo selinux-config-enforcing
（4）Reboot your system. The relabelling will be triggered after you reboot your system. When finished the system will reboot one more time automatically.
（5）Check SELinux status:
$ sestatus
SELinux status: disabled
禁用SELINUX：
（1）To disable SELinux open up the /etc/selinux/config configuration file and change the following line:
$ vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
（2）Reboot your system.
更换阿里源
（1）备份原始源文件
$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
（2）替换源文件
打开编辑源文件
$ sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list
复制以下内容替换掉文件中所有内容。
注：此为ubuntu20.4的阿里云源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse
（3）让修改后的源文件生效
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
关闭交换分区
Running Kubernetes requires that you disable swap.
（1）Check if swap is enabled.
ubuntu@node1:~$ swapon --show
NAME TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
/dev/dm-1 partition 976M 0B -2
If there is no output, then swap is not enabled. If it is enabled as shown in the output above, run the command below to disable it.
（2）disable swap
切换到root用户下执行：
root@node1:~# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vm.swappiness = 0
To permanently disable swap, comment out or remove the swap line on /etc/fstab file.
root@node1:~# sudo sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
配置内核调优
在/etc/sysctl.conf中添加如下内容：
root@node1:~# cat > /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
vm.max_map_count=262144
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
使配置文件生效：
root@node1:~# sysctl -p
修改Linux 资源配置文件，调高ulimit最大打开数和systemctl管理的服务文件最大打开数：
root@node1:~# echo "* soft nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
root@node1:~# echo "* hard nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
root@node1:~# echo "* soft nproc 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
root@node1:~# echo "* hard nproc 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
root@node1:~# echo "* soft memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
root@node1:~# echo "* hard memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
root@node1:~# echo "DefaultLimitNOFILE=1024000" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf
root@node1:~# echo "DefaultLimitNPROC=1024000" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf
安装docker
Both of the nodes will need to have Docker installed on them, as Kubernetes relies on it. Open a terminal and type the following commands on both the master and the worker node to install Docker:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install docker.io
Once Docker has finished installing, use the following commmands to start the service and to make sure it starts automatically after each reboot:
$ sudo systemctl start docker
$ sudo systemctl enable docker
$ sudo systemctl status docker
root@node1:~# docker --version
Docker version 19.03.8, build afacb8b7f0
安装其他常用软件包
root@node1:~# apt install build-essential
安装Kubernetes
配置docker
修改Cgroupfs 为 Systemd(docker文件驱动默认由cgroupfs 改成 systemd，与k8s保持一致避免conflict)：
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
sudo systemctl restart docker.service
配置docker的镜像加速。当您下载安装的Docker Version不低于1.10时，建议直接通过daemon config进行配置。使用配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json（没有时新建该文件）。
{
"registry-mirrors": ["<your accelerate address>"]
}
这里的地址查看方法为：登录容器镜像服务控制台，在左侧导航栏选择镜像工具 > 镜像加速器，在镜像加速器页面的操作指引中查看，如下图所示。
最终配置如下所示：
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://1ehd86nk.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
查看文件驱动：
root@node1:/etc/docker# docker info | grep Driver
Storage Driver: overlay2
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: systemd
添加K8S安装源
以下的操作只在master宿主机上执行，适合中国大陆地区使用（因为弃用谷歌的源和repo，转而使用阿里云的镜像）。
（1）安装相关软件
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl software-properties-common apt-transport-https curl
（2）Install Kubernetes Repository GPG Signing Key
Run the command below to install Kubernetes repo GPG key.
root@node1:/etc/docker# curl -s https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
（3）Install Kubernetes Repository on Ubuntu 20.04
Next install the Kubernetes repository;
root@node1:~# sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list <<EOF
> deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
> EOF
（4）更新软件
root@node1:~# sudo apt update
安装K8S工具
在所有节点上安装kubectl、kubelet、kubeadm，设置kubelet开机启动，启动kubelet。
kubeadm: the command to bootstrap the cluster.kubelet: the component that runs on all of the machines in your cluster and does things like starting pods and containers.kubectl: the command line util to talk to your cluster.
Run the following commands on all 3 nodes to install kubectl , kubelet and kubeadm utility
$ sudo apt install kubelet kubeadm kubectl
$ sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
查看K8S版本：
$ kubeadm version
$ kubectl version --client
$ kubelet --version
可以看到kubelet的版本为1.20.4。
配置转发
root@node1:~# sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
vm.swappiness=0
root@node1:~# sysctl --system # 使配置生效
注意，其中可能出现如下错误：
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries": Invalid argument
注意：以上步骤均在三台节点上执行！
部署Kubernetes
部署Master节点
在Master节点上执行：
root@node1:~# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.20.4 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.23.126 --pod-network-cidr=172.16.0.0/16 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --service-cidr=172.168.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.4
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local node1] and IPs [172.168.0.1 192.168.23.126]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost node1] and IPs [192.168.23.126 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost node1] and IPs [192.168.23.126 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 64.002793 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node1 as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 2ohis8.70iyemgmuh39e7rk
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.23.126:6443 --token 2ohis8.70iyemgmuh39e7rk \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:459bf2781254b705232fbc898c99712a89a10c76088d2142640ae409be1ff460
其中关于kubeadm init的参数可以参考K8S官方文档——kubeadm-init
这里简要说明：
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.23.126 #Master组件监听的api地址，必须能被其他节点所访问到
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #使用阿里云镜像
--kubernetes-version 1.20.4 #kubernetes的版本
--service-cidr=172.168.0.0/16 #services的网络范围
--pod-network-cidr=172.16.0.0/16 #Pod的网络
注意：部署之前先规划好网络防止后面部署出错，网络部署错误导致后面porxy等问题；
记录kubeadm init生成的最后部分内容，此内容需要在其它节点加入Kubernetes集群之前就执行。根据init后的提示，创建kubectl配置文件：
root@node1:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@node1:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@node1:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
部署Node节点
将Node节点加入到集群中，根据Master执行Kubeadm init命令最后的结果，在Node节点上执行：
root@node2:~# kubeadm join 192.168.23.126:6443 --token 2ohis8.70iyemgmuh39e7rk \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:459bf2781254b705232fbc898c99712a89a10c76088d2142640ae409be1ff460
root@node3:~# kubeadm join 192.168.23.126:6443 --token 2ohis8.70iyemgmuh39e7rk \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:459bf2781254b705232fbc898c99712a89a10c76088d2142640ae409be1ff460
验证节点状态
执行命令kubectl get nodes:
root@node1:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
node1 NotReady control-plane,master 16m v1.20.4
node2 NotReady <none> 8m8s v1.20.4
node3 NotReady <none> 8m43s v1.20.4
我们可以看到，工作节点和主节点都加入了集群，但是每个节点的状态都是“Not Ready”。为了使状态“就绪”，我们必须部署基于Container Network Interface (CNI)的Pod网络附加组件，如calico、kube-router和weave net。顾名思义，pod网络插件允许pod相互通信。
部署Pod网络
在Master节点上执行以下命令，安装Calico pod网络插件:
root@node1:~# kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config created
Warning: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1 CustomResourceDefinition is deprecated in v1.16+, unavailable in v1.22+; use apiextensions.k8s.io/v1 CustomResourceDefinition
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
等待一会儿后（大约5分钟），再次查看节点状态：
root@node1:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
node1 Ready control-plane,master 20m v1.20.4
node2 Ready <none> 12m v1.20.4
node3 Ready <none> 12m v1.20.4
注意，在等待过程中，可以查看pods的状态：
root@node1:~# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-6dfcd885bf-dxm9w 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 87s
kube-system calico-node-8ddc6 0/1 PodInitializing 0 87s
kube-system calico-node-f4gcr 0/1 PodInitializing 0 87s
kube-system calico-node-vcxzc 0/1 Init:0/3 0 87s
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-c8kdd 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 19m
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-k7n8v 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 19m
kube-system etcd-node1 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-system kube-apiserver-node1 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-node1 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-system kube-proxy-49dqt 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-system kube-proxy-kj454 1/1 Running 0 19m
kube-system kube-proxy-x6vmx 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-system kube-scheduler-node1 1/1 Running 0 19m
如果没有出现异常，则节点状态都会为Ready。否则根据异常提示查找相关解决办法。
最终，运行下面的命令来验证来自所有名称空间的pod的状态：
root@node1:~# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-6dfcd885bf-dxm9w 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-system calico-node-8ddc6 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-system calico-node-f4gcr 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-system calico-node-vcxzc 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-c8kdd 1/1 Running 0 45m
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-k7n8v 1/1 Running 0 45m
kube-system etcd-node1 1/1 Running 0 45m
kube-system kube-apiserver-node1 1/1 Running 0 45m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-node1 1/1 Running 0 45m
kube-system kube-proxy-49dqt 1/1 Running 0 37m
kube-system kube-proxy-kj454 1/1 Running 0 45m
kube-system kube-proxy-x6vmx 1/1 Running 0 38m
kube-system kube-scheduler-node1 1/1 Running 0 45m
至此，我们已经成功安装了Kubernetes集群。
检查安装情况
（1）查看docker镜像：
root@node1:~# sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e1f68a068785 calico/kube-controllers "/usr/bin/kube-contr…" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_calico-kube-controllers_calico-kube-controllers-6dfcd885bf-dxm9w_kube-system_cb57666a-0b74-44a7-bbe4-25ff3f24ed25_0
bb80ee9e4a81 bfe3a36ebd25 "/coredns -conf /etc…" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_coredns_coredns-7f89b7bc75-c8kdd_kube-system_fce8c4f8-f82e-4dea-9d90-ef00182729d8_0
3beb28c2ccf8 bfe3a36ebd25 "/coredns -conf /etc…" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_coredns_coredns-7f89b7bc75-k7n8v_kube-system_0f35ef72-23b7-4159-8e48-4f168090e729_0
e4ca2731cd0a registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_POD_coredns-7f89b7bc75-c8kdd_kube-system_fce8c4f8-f82e-4dea-9d90-ef00182729d8_26
68cdea6ea896 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_POD_calico-kube-controllers-6dfcd885bf-dxm9w_kube-system_cb57666a-0b74-44a7-bbe4-25ff3f24ed25_30
2a13cbffce26 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_POD_coredns-7f89b7bc75-k7n8v_kube-system_0f35ef72-23b7-4159-8e48-4f168090e729_23
030826dfc78d calico/node "start_runit" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes k8s_calico-node_calico-node-f4gcr_kube-system_f9a788ad-24b0-43ba-bcaa-b987f5bf5830_0
30a354681c8d registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes k8s_POD_calico-node-f4gcr_kube-system_f9a788ad-24b0-43ba-bcaa-b987f5bf5830_0
13002f3de0f6 c29e6c583067 "/usr/local/bin/kube…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_kube-proxy_kube-proxy-kj454_kube-system_87260453-f90c-4f97-8e97-aebad930638c_0
f978fa238fa7 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_POD_kube-proxy-kj454_kube-system_87260453-f90c-4f97-8e97-aebad930638c_0
a6c5b0ed56b4 0a41a1414c53 "kube-controller-man…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_kube-controller-manager_kube-controller-manager-node1_kube-system_df138eb45f41ad9c7f610ad32e36f93b_0
58439e8ac745 5f8cb769bd73 "kube-scheduler --au…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_kube-scheduler_kube-scheduler-node1_kube-system_508678702a50a123a7ea654f623a0cfe_0
b93802b95a42 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_POD_kube-controller-manager-node1_kube-system_df138eb45f41ad9c7f610ad32e36f93b_0
ae423c9a0fb4 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_POD_kube-scheduler-node1_kube-system_508678702a50a123a7ea654f623a0cfe_0
ed2623c3ce72 ae5eb22e4a9d "kube-apiserver --ad…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_kube-apiserver_kube-apiserver-node1_kube-system_a05f5db8cefc7b66e205253597fb6d2b_0
c91278f5360a registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_POD_kube-apiserver-node1_kube-system_a05f5db8cefc7b66e205253597fb6d2b_0
76c5c758432d 0369cf4303ff "etcd --advertise-cl…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_etcd_etcd-node1_kube-system_530503fbb3a7a96b29518d1019ed1cdd_0
429557e62fd7 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes k8s_POD_etcd-node1_kube-system_530503fbb3a7a96b29518d1019ed1cdd_0
root@node1:~#
（2）查看可用服务列表
使用从Kubernetes maser节点发出的以下命令，您可以看到集群中运行的所有可用服务的运行列表：
root@node1:~# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 172.168.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 49m
（3）获取集群信息：
root@node1:~# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.23.126:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.23.126:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
（4）在集群中部署一个应用
We need to validate that our cluster is working by deploying an application.
root@node1:~# kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/commands.yaml
pod/command-demo created
Check to see if pod started：
root@node1:~# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
command-demo 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 26s
root@node1:~# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
command-demo 0/1 Completed 0 68s
注意：要在主节点上启用bash完成特性，请执行以下操作
root@node1:~# echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bashrc
root@node1:~# source .bashrc
参考资料
- https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-20-04-focal-fossa-linux
- https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-kubernetes-k8s-on-ubuntu-20-04/
- https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-kubernetes-dashboard-with-nodeport/
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