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1. 前言

本页介绍如何设置在命名空间中运行的容器使用的内存的最小值和最大值。 你可以在 LimitRange 对象中指定最小和最大内存值。如果 Pod 不满足 LimitRange 施加的约束,则无法在命名空间中创建它

2. LimitRange 配置最大最小限制值

创建命名空间

kubectl create namespace constraints-mem-example

创建 LimitRange 和 Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-min-max-demo-lr
spec:
  limits:
  - max:
      memory: 1Gi
    min:
      memory: 500Mi
    type: Container
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-constraints.yaml --namespace=constraints-mem-example

查看 LimitRange 的详情:

kubectl get limitrange mem-min-max-demo-lr --namespace=constraints-mem-example --output=yaml

输出显示预期的最小和最大内存约束。 但请注意,即使你没有在 LimitRange 的配置文件中指定默认值,也会自动创建它们。

  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 1Gi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 1Gi
    max:
      memory: 1Gi
    min:
      memory: 500Mi
    type: Container

3. 创建满足声明的最大值与最小值

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: constraints-mem-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: constraints-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "800Mi"
      requests:
        memory: "600Mi"
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-constraints-pod.yaml --namespace=constraints-mem-example

确认下 Pod 中的容器在运行:

kubectl get pod constraints-mem-demo --namespace=constraints-mem-example

查看 Pod 详情:

kubectl get pod constraints-mem-demo --output=yaml --namespace=constraints-mem-example

输出结果显示容器的内存请求为600 MiB,内存限制为800 MiB。这些满足了 LimitRange 设定的限制范围。

resources:
  limits:
     memory: 800Mi
  requests:
    memory: 600Mi

4. 尝试创建一个超过最大内存限制的 Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: constraints-mem-demo-2
spec:
  containers:
  - name: constraints-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1.5Gi"
      requests:
        memory: "800Mi"
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-constraints-pod-2.yaml --namespace=constraints-mem-example

输出结果显示 Pod 没有创建成功,因为容器声明的内存限制太大了:

Error from server (Forbidden): error when creating "examples/admin/resource/memory-constraints-pod-2.yaml":
pods "constraints-mem-demo-2" is forbidden: maximum memory usage per Container is 1Gi, but limit is 1536Mi.

5. 尝试创建一个不满足最小内存请求的 Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: constraints-mem-demo-3
spec:
  containers:
  - name: constraints-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "800Mi"
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-constraints-pod-3.yaml --namespace=constraints-mem-example

输出结果显示 Pod 没有创建成功,因为容器声明的内存请求太小了:

Error from server (Forbidden): error when creating "examples/admin/resource/memory-constraints-pod-3.yaml":
pods "constraints-mem-demo-3" is forbidden: minimum memory usage per Container is 500Mi, but request is 100Mi.

6. 创建一个没有声明内存请求和限制的 Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: constraints-mem-demo-4
spec:
  containers:
  - name: constraints-mem-demo-4-ctr
    image: nginx
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-constraints-pod-4.yaml --namespace=constraints-mem-example

查看 Pod 详情:

kubectl get pod constraints-mem-demo-4 --namespace=constraints-mem-example --output=yaml

输出结果显示 Pod 的内存请求为1 GiB,内存限制为1 GiB。容器怎样获得哪些数值呢?

resources:
  limits:
    memory: 1Gi
  requests:
    memory: 1Gi

因为你的容器没有声明自己的内存请求和限制,它从 LimitRange 那里获得了 默认的内存请求和限制。

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