0、环境  ubuntu16.04

Linux aikou 4.15.0-112-generic #113~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 04:37:08 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

1、安装交叉编译工具

sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi

2、下载u-boot

  下载地址:http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/,选择的版本是u-boot-2020.07

3、解压缩,并切换到u-boot目录

tar xvf u-boot-2020.07.tar.bz2
cd u-boot-2020.07

4、编译u-boot

 export ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
 make vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
 make -j16

 此处我们使用vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig 默认配置。

4.1 gcc 版本错误

执行上面的编译命令,提示如下错误 *** Your GCC is older than 6.0 and is not supported 错误

scripts/kconfig/conf  --syncconfig Kconfig
  UPD     include/config.h
  CFG     u-boot.cfg
  GEN     include/autoconf.mk.dep
  GEN     include/autoconf.mk
  UPD     include/generated/dt.h
  UPD     include/generated/timestamp_autogenerated.h
*** Your GCC is older than 6.0 and is not supported
arch/arm/config.mk:66: recipe for target 'checkgcc6' failed
make: *** [checkgcc6] Error 1
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
  UPD     include/config/uboot.release
make: *** wait: No child processes.  Stop.

 查看交叉编译环境gcc的版本是5.4.0 低于要求的6.0


kou@aikou:~$ arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc --version
arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.9) 5.4.0 20160609
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

解决办法是升级arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc的版本到要求的6.0以上。也可以如下解决,屏蔽掉 u-boot-2020.07/arch/arm/config.mk文件中的61,62,65-70行的代码,不检查6.0的版本

cd .../u-boot-2020.07/arch/arm
vi config.mk

     52
     53 checkthumb:
     54         @if test "$(call cc-name)" = "gcc" -a \
     55                         "$(call cc-version)" -lt "0404"; then \
     56                 echo -n '*** Your GCC does not produce working '; \
     57                 echo 'binaries in THUMB mode.'; \
     58                 echo '*** Your board is configured for THUMB mode.'; \
     59                 false; \
     60         fi
     61 #else
     62 #archprepare: checkgcc6
     63 endif
     64
     65 #checkgcc6:
     66 #       @if test "$(call cc-name)" = "gcc" -a \
     67 #                       "$(call cc-version)" -lt "0600"; then \
     68 #               echo '*** Your GCC is older than 6.0 and is not supported'; \
     69 #               false; \
     70 #       fi

4.2 This board does not use CONFIG_DM 

继续编译,编译可完成,但出现如下告警:

OBJCOPY u-boot.srec
  OBJCOPY u-boot-nodtb.bin
  SYM     u-boot.sym
  COPY    u-boot.bin
========================= WARNING ===========================
This board does not use CONFIG_DM. CONFIG_DM will be
compulsory starting with the v2020.01 release.
Failure to update may result in board removal.
See doc/driver-model/migration.rst for more info.
========================= WARNING ============================
This board does not use CONFIG_DM_MMC. Please update
the board to use CONFIG_DM_MMC before the v2019.04 release.
Failure to update by the deadline may result in board removal.
See doc/driver-model/migration.rst for more info.
======================== WARNING==============================
This board does not use CONFIG_DM_ETH (Driver Model
for Ethernet drivers). Please update the board to use
CONFIG_DM_ETH before the v2020.07 release. Failure to
update by the deadline may result in board removal.
See doc/driver-model/migration.rst for more info.
==============================================================
  CFGCHK  u-boot.cfg

这三个告警是新的uboot版本强制要使用者三个配置,需开启。先不用管它

5、u-boot文件

至此,u-boot编译完成,在当前目录下,生成了u-boot相关的文件,如下。其中u-boot就是我们需要的文件

-rwxrwxr-x   1 kou kou 3215488 9月  16 22:45 u-boot
-rwxrwxr-x   1 kou kou  504804 9月  16 22:45 u-boot.bin
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou      49 9月  16 22:45 .u-boot.bin.cmd
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou    9014 9月  16 22:31 u-boot.cfg
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou    4993 9月  16 22:45 u-boot.cfg.configs
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou    1203 9月  16 22:45 .u-boot.cmd
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou    1719 9月  16 22:45 u-boot.lds
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou    5929 9月  16 22:45 .u-boot.lds.cmd
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou  466345 9月  16 22:45 u-boot.map
-rwxrwxr-x   1 kou kou  504804 9月  16 22:45 u-boot-nodtb.bin
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou     312 9月  16 22:45 .u-boot-nodtb.bin.cmd
-rwxrwxr-x   1 kou kou 1514538 9月  16 22:45 u-boot.srec
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou     298 9月  16 22:45 .u-boot.srec.cmd
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou  136154 9月  16 22:45 u-boot.sym
-rw-rw-r--   1 kou kou      67 9月  16 22:45 .u-boot.sym.cmd

6、QEMU中启动u-boot

用下面的命令启动

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel ./u-boot -nographic -m 128M -append "console=ttyAMA0"

 执行启动u-boot的命令,u-boot启动输出如下信息:

audio: Could not init `oss' audio driver


U-Boot 2020.07 (Sep 16 2020 - 22:45:36 +0800)

DRAM:  128 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 128 MiB
MMC:   MMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   smc911x-0
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
MMC Device 1 not found
no mmc device at slot 1
Card did not respond to voltage select!
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (1 ms)
*** Warning: no boot file name; using '0A00020F.img'
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename '0A00020F.img'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: pxeuuid
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/01-52-54-00-12-34-56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/01-52-54-00-12-34-56'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A00020F
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A00020F'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A00020
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A00020'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A0002
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A0002'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A000
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A000'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A00
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A00'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A0
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A0'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0A
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0A'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/0'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/default-arm'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'pxelinux.cfg/default'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Config file not found
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (0 ms)
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'boot.scr.uimg'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (1 ms)
Using smc911x-0 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'boot.scr.uimg'.
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Wrong Image Format for bootm command
ERROR: can't get kernel image!
=>

在这里输入 printenv 可输出环境变量:

TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Wrong Image Format for bootm command
ERROR: can't get kernel image!
=>
=>
=> printenv
arch=arm
baudrate=38400
board=vexpress
board_name=vexpress
boot_a_script=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${script}; source ${scriptaddr}
boot_efi_binary=if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi bootmgr ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi bootmgr ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${kernel_addr_r} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi
boot_extlinux=sysboot ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} any ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}
boot_prefixes=/ /boot/
boot_script_dhcp=boot.scr.uimg
boot_scripts=boot.scr.uimg boot.scr
boot_syslinux_conf=extlinux/extlinux.conf
boot_targets=mmc1 mmc0 pxe dhcp
bootargs=root=/dev/sda1 rw console=ttyAMA0,38400n8 mem=1024M mtdparts=armflash:1M@0x800000(uboot),7M@0x1000000(kernel),24M@0x2000000(initrd) mmci.fmax=190000 devtmpfs.mount=0 vmalloc=256M
bootcmd=run distro_bootcmd; run bootflash
bootcmd_dhcp=if dhcp ${scriptaddr} ${boot_script_dhcp}; then source ${scriptaddr}; fi;setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; setenv efi_old_vci ${bootp_vci};setenv efi_old_arch ${bootp_arch};setenv bootp_vci PXEClient:Arch:00010:UNDI:003000;setenv bootp_arch 0xa;if dhcp ${kernel_addr_r}; then tftpboot ${fdt_addr_r} dtb/${efi_fdtfile};if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}; else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;fi;setenv bootp_vci ${efi_old_vci};setenv bootp_arch ${efi_old_arch};setenv efi_fdtfile;setenv efi_old_arch;setenv efi_old_vci;
bootcmd_mmc0=devnum=0; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_mmc1=devnum=1; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_pxe=dhcp; if pxe get; then pxe boot; fi
bootdelay=2
bootfile=boot.scr.uimg
bootflash=run flashargs; cp ${ramdisk_addr} ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${maxramdisk}; bootm ${kernel_addr} ${ramdisk_addr_r}
console=ttyAMA0,38400n8
cpu=armv7
distro_bootcmd=for target in ${boot_targets}; do run bootcmd_${target}; done
dram=1024M
efi_dtb_prefixes=/ /dtb/ /dtb/current/
ethact=smc911x-0
ethaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56
fdtfile=vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
flashargs=setenv bootargs root=${root} console=${console} mem=${dram} mtdparts=${mtd} mmci.fmax=190000 devtmpfs.mount=0  vmalloc=256M
kernel_addr=0x44100000
kernel_addr_r=0x80008000
load_efi_dtb=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}
loadaddr=0x80008000
maxramdisk=0x1800000
mmc_boot=if mmc dev ${devnum}; then devtype=mmc; run scan_dev_for_boot_part; fi
mtd=armflash:1M@0x800000(uboot),7M@0x1000000(kernel),24M@0x2000000(initrd)
pxefile_addr_r=0x88000000
ramdisk_addr=0x44800000
ramdisk_addr_r=0x61000000
root=/dev/sda1 rw
scan_dev_for_boot=echo Scanning ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}...; for prefix in ${boot_prefixes}; do run scan_dev_for_extlinux; run scan_dev_for_scripts; done;run scan_dev_for_efi;
scan_dev_for_boot_part=part list ${devtype} ${devnum} -bootable devplist; env exists devplist || setenv devplist 1; for distro_bootpart in ${devplist}; do if fstype ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} bootfstype; then run scan_dev_for_boot; fi; done; setenv devplist
scan_dev_for_efi=setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; for prefix in ${efi_dtb_prefixes}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}; then run load_efi_dtb; fi;done;if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; then echo Found EFI removable media binary efi/boot/bootarm.efi; run boot_efi_binary; echo EFI LOAD FAILED: continuing...; fi; setenv efi_fdtfile
scan_dev_for_extlinux=if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}; then echo Found ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}; run boot_extlinux; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi
scan_dev_for_scripts=for script in ${boot_scripts}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${script}; then echo Found U-Boot script ${prefix}${script}; run boot_a_script; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi; done
scriptaddr=0x88000000
stderr=serial
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
ubifs_boot=env exists bootubipart || env set bootubipart UBI; env exists bootubivol || env set bootubivol boot; if ubi part ${bootubipart} && ubifsmount ubi${devnum}:${bootubivol}; then devtype=ubi; run scan_dev_for_boot; fi
vendor=armltd

Environment size: 4482/262140 bytes
=>

可见u-boot已经启动。但有不少错误。因为我们直接采用的是vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig 默认配置文件,并未修改。

下一篇写如何修改,去掉这些错误告警。

 

 

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