在引用他人的tomcat项目初次运行时出现的错误

详细错误信息如下:

java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml addServlet
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.IntrospectionUtils.callMethod1(IntrospectionUtils.java:855)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.SetNextRule.end(SetNextRule.java:201)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.endElement(Digester.java:1051)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(AbstractSAXParser.java:609)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1782)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2967)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:602)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:505)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:842)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:771)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1213)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:643)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1537)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.parseWebXml(ContextConfig.java:1879)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.getDefaultWebXmlFragment(ContextConfig.java:1476)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1253)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:369)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5179)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

[数据删除] 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig parseWebXml
严重: Parse error in application web.xml file at file:[数据删除]/target/tomcat/conf/web.xml
org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:[数据删除]/target/tomcat/conf/web.xml; lineNumber: 108; columnNumber: 15; Error at (108, 15) : org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml addServlet
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.createSAXException(Digester.java:2687)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.createSAXException(Digester.java:2719)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.endElement(Digester.java:1054)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(AbstractSAXParser.java:609)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1782)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2967)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:602)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:505)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:842)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:771)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1213)
	at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:643)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1537)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.parseWebXml(ContextConfig.java:1879)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.getDefaultWebXmlFragment(ContextConfig.java:1476)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1253)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:369)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5179)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml addServlet
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.IntrospectionUtils.callMethod1(IntrospectionUtils.java:855)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.SetNextRule.end(SetNextRule.java:201)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.endElement(Digester.java:1051)
	... 26 more

解决方法:

在 pom.xml 中，如果您包含了像 tomcat-catalina  tomcat7-maven-plugin  maven-compiler-plugin  这样的依赖项，请指定其依赖范围为provided。

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope> <!---->
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope> <!---->
        </dependency>

或是您可能缺少了 tomcat-catalina 依赖项（您不一定需要这个依赖项）。

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
      <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
      <version>7.0.47</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

下策：当你确实需要catalina时， 还有另一个解决方案。

在%TOMCAT_HOME%/conf/context.xml内添加：

<Context>
    <Loader delegate="true"/> <!--在Context中添加这一行-->
</Context>

小知识：

1.test范围是指测试范围有效,在编译和打包时都不会使用这个依赖
2.compile范围是指编译范围内有效,在编译和打包时都会将依赖存储进去
3.provided依赖,在编译和测试过程中有效,最后生成的war包时不会加入
4.runtime在运行时候依赖,在编译时候不依赖
默认依赖范围是compile