将matplotlib 生成的图表插入tkinter可以扩展软件的功能，比如选中excel文件生成自动生成图表
本例需要的Python第三方库:
tkinter:生成GUI
matplotlib：生成图表
numpy：计算均值标准差
scipy：正态分布函数
xlrd：读取excel内容

import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
from scipy.stats import norm
import xlrd
matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']   # 用黑体显示中文
matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False     # 正常显示负号

def get_excel_value(j,filename):  #j代表列0是第一列,j,filename 为文件名
        row_list =[] #建立空列表插入尺寸数据
        excel = xlrd.open_workbook(r"%s"%filename)
        #sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0)  #根据下标获取对应的sheet表
        sheet = excel.sheet_by_name("report")  #根据表名获取对应的sheet表
        #for  j in range(0,sheet.ncols):
        for i in range(5, sheet.nrows):     #从表的第6行开始到
            if sheet.row_values(i, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1):  #内循环
               row_list.append(sheet.row_values(i, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0]) #每次循环取一个单元格数据插入列表中
        arr_mean = np.mean(row_list)
        arr_std = np.std(row_list,ddof=1)
        return row_list,arr_mean,arr_std   #函数返回尺寸数据,尺寸均值,尺寸标准差


def get_tolerance(j,filename):  #读取公差函数，公差在工作表的3-5行
        excel = xlrd.open_workbook(r"%s"%filename)
        sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0)  #根据下标获取对应的sheet表
        nominalvalue = sheet.row_values(2, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0]
        up=sheet.row_values(3, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0]
        low=sheet.row_values(4, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0]
        LSL=nominalvalue+low
        USL=nominalvalue+up
        return LSL,USL
        
def get_name(j,filename):   #获取尺寸名
        excel = xlrd.open_workbook(r"%s"%filename)
        sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0)  #根据下标获取对应的sheet表
        name = sheet.row_values(1, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0]
        return name
    


def histgram(position,file):   #直方图函数减少代码重复
    dimension=get_name(position-1,file)
    data=get_excel_value(position-1,file)[0]  #尺寸数据
    num_bins=60
    mean=get_excel_value(position-1,file)[1]    #尺寸均值
    std=get_excel_value(position-1,file)[2]     #尺寸标准差
    LSL=get_tolerance(position-1,file)[0]       #下公差
    USL=get_tolerance(position-1,file)[1]       #上公差
    a=f.add_subplot(2,2,position,title=dimension+"_直方图",xlabel="区间",ylabel="频数/频率")
    n, bins, patches = a.hist(data, num_bins, density=1, facecolor="blue", edgecolor="black", alpha=0.5)  
    y=norm.pdf(bins, mean, std)
    a.plot(bins, y, 'r--',linestyle='-')   #概率分布图"_"代表实线,"r--"代表红色
    x = np.linspace(LSL, LSL, 100)    #等差数列
    y = np.linspace(0, 100, 100)
    a.text(x[9],y[9],'LSL',size=13)    #text(x,y,str),x,y 文字的坐标
    a.plot(x, y, 'g--', linewidth=1)
    x = np.linspace(USL, USL, 100)
    y = np.linspace(0, 100, 100)
    a.text(x[9],y[9],'USL',size=13)
    a.plot(x, y, 'g--', linewidth=1)




root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title("tkinter显示图表")
width = 700
height = 700
screenwidth = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screenheight = root.winfo_screenheight()
alignstr = '%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, (screenwidth-width)/2, (screenheight-height)/2)
root.geometry(alignstr)

f=Figure(figsize=(10,8),dpi=60, tight_layout=True,  facecolor="WhiteSmoke")#WhiteSmoke
cv = tkinter.Canvas(root, background='white')
cv.place(relx=0.0,rely=0.1,relwidth=1,relheight=0.9)

def choosefile():
            b =tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename()
            print(b)
            a=b[b.rfind("/")+1:]#返回文件名
            print(a)
            listbox_file.insert(0,a)
            return a

def chart():
         fieselected=choosefile()
         histgram(1,fieselected)  #调用函数
         histgram(2,fieselected)
         histgram(3,fieselected)
         histgram(4,fieselected)

         canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, master=cv)  # 创建画布控件
         canvas.draw()
         canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tkinter.TOP,fill=tkinter.BOTH,expand=1) # 与画布相同大小
         


listbox_file=tkinter.Listbox(root,justify=tkinter.LEFT)
listbox_file.place(relx=0.0,rely=0.05,relwidth=0.5,height=30)
buttonfile=tkinter.Button(root,text="选择文件",command=chart)
buttonfile.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.05,width=100,height=30)
tkinter.mainloop()