1、Spring 项目放到web项目容器中(Tomcat、Jetty、JBoss)

本文以通用的Tomcat为例

2、项目容器启动时需要加载读取web.xml配置文件

如下图:

3、容器首先会去读取web.xml配置文件中的两个节点:<listener> </listener>和<context-param> </context-param>

说明:

tomcat在启动web容器的时候会启动一个叫ServletContextListener的监听器,每当在web容器中有ServletContextListener这个接口被实例化的时候,web容器会通知ServletContextListener被实例的对象去执行其contextInitialized()的方法进行相应的业务处理;

而spring框架在设计的过程中ContextLoadListener这个类实现了ServletContextListener这个接口,因此每当有ContextLoadListener这个类被实例化的时候,web容器会通知Spring执行contextInitialized()这个方法,从而进行spring容器的启动与创建的过程中;

4、ContextLoaderListener中的contextInitialized()进行了spring容器的启动配置,调用initWebApplicationContext初始化spring容器;

@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
    //Spring 启动的句柄,spring容器开始启动的根目录
    if(servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
    } else {
        Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
        servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
        if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
        }
 
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
 
        try {
            //处理spring容器是否已经创建(只创建没有创建spring的各个bean)
            if(this.context == null) {
                this.context = this.createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
            }
 
            if(this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
                ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)this.context;
                if(!cwac.isActive()) {
                    if(cwac.getParent() == null) {
                        ApplicationContext parent = this.loadParentContext(servletContext);
                        cwac.setParent(parent);
                    }
 
                    //Spring容器创建完成后,加载spring容器的各个组件
                    this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
                }
            }
 
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
            ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
            if(ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
                currentContext = this.context;
            } else if(ccl != null) {
                currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
            }
 
            if(logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
            }
 
            if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
                logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
            }
 
            return this.context;
        } catch (RuntimeException var8) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", var8);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var8);
            throw var8;
        } catch (Error var9) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", var9);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var9);
            throw var9;
        }
    }
}

5、spring容器创建完成后,准备开始实例化加载bean,Spring容器创建完成后,准备向spring容器中加载bean    使用configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);  完成bean的加载;

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			// The application context id is still set to its original default value
			// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
			String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
			if (idParam != null) {
				wac.setId(idParam);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
			}
		}

		wac.setServletContext(sc);
		String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
		if (configLocationParam != null) {
			wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
		}

		// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
		// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
		// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
		}

		customizeContext(sc, wac);
		wac.refresh();
	}

说明:

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext中加载spring的配置文件,即web.xml中读取<context-param></context-param>中加载到Spring的配置文件,即:classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml;

通过以下代码加载spring配置

public class Application{
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/context.xml");
    ctx.start();
  }
}

此处略过如何调用DefaultResourceLoader

顶级接口ResourceLoader仅提供了一个getResource(String location)方法,可以根据一个资源地址加载资源文件,资源地址的表达式可以是以下几种:

--1. classpath:前缀开头的表达式,例如: classpath:smart-context.xml

--2.“/”开头的表达式,例如:/WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--3. 非“/”开头的表达,例如:WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--4. url协议,例如:file:/D:/ALANWANG-AIA/Horse-workspace/chapter3/target/classes/smart-context.xml

这里写图片描述

Spring提供了实现类DefaultResourceLoader,DefaultResourceLoader在实现了以上列举的功能基础上,还为开发者提供了自定义扩展接口ProtocolResolver,开发者可实现该接口定制个性化资源表达式,代码如下:

	@Override
	public Resource getResource(String location) {
		Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null");
		for (ProtocolResolver protocolResolver : this.protocolResolvers) {       // 1
			Resource resource = protocolResolver.resolve(location, this);
			if (resource != null) {return resource;}
		}
 
		if (location.startsWith("/")) {return getResourceByPath(location);}       //2
		else if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {                     //3
			return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader());
		}
		else {
			try {
				// Try to parse the location as a URL...
				URL url = new URL(location);                             //4
				return new UrlResource(url);
			}
			catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
				// No URL -> resolve as resource path.
				return getResourceByPath(location);                      //5
			}
		}
	}

步骤1,先用扩展协议解析器解析资源地址并返回。举个例子,咱们可以自定义资源解析器来完成带前缀“classpath:”的解析:

首先实现ProtocolResolver接口:

class ClasspathPreProtocolResolver implements ProtocolResolver{
           private static String CLASS_PATH_PRE="classpath:";        
        public Resource resolve(String location, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
           if( location.startsWith(CLASS_PATH_PRE)) {
                return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASS_PATH_PRE.length()));
           }       
           return null;
        }        
    }

步骤2,假设location以斜杠开头,则调用该类中 getResourceByPath(String path)方法 ,代码如下:

	protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {
		return new ClassPathContextResource(path, getClassLoader());
	}

步骤三,假如资源表达式以classpath开头,则截取除前缀calsspath:的路径,并做为ClassPathResource的构造参数,生成ClassPathResource实例后返回。咱们可以在web.xml中做如下配置:

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

6、通过refresh()内部的实现我们大致可以了解整个refresh()方法担负了整个Spring容器初始化和加载的所有逻辑,包括Bean工厂的初始化、post-processor的注册以及调用、bean的实例化、事件发布等。

 

 

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