启动Spring项目详细过程
1、Spring 项目放到web项目容器中(Tomcat、Jetty、JBoss)本文以通用的Tomcat为例2、项目容器启动时需要加载读取web.xml配置文件如下图:3、容器首先会去读取web.xml配置文件中的两个节点:<listener> </listener>和<context-param> </context-param...
1、Spring 项目放到web项目容器中(Tomcat、Jetty、JBoss)
本文以通用的Tomcat为例
2、项目容器启动时需要加载读取web.xml配置文件
如下图:
3、容器首先会去读取web.xml配置文件中的两个节点:<listener> </listener>和<context-param> </context-param>
说明:
tomcat在启动web容器的时候会启动一个叫ServletContextListener的监听器,每当在web容器中有ServletContextListener这个接口被实例化的时候,web容器会通知ServletContextListener被实例的对象去执行其contextInitialized()的方法进行相应的业务处理;
而spring框架在设计的过程中ContextLoadListener这个类实现了ServletContextListener这个接口,因此每当有ContextLoadListener这个类被实例化的时候,web容器会通知Spring执行contextInitialized()这个方法,从而进行spring容器的启动与创建的过程中;
4、ContextLoaderListener中的contextInitialized()进行了spring容器的启动配置,调用initWebApplicationContext初始化spring容器;
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
//Spring 启动的句柄,spring容器开始启动的根目录
if(servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
} else {
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
//处理spring容器是否已经创建(只创建没有创建spring的各个bean)
if(this.context == null) {
this.context = this.createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
if(this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)this.context;
if(!cwac.isActive()) {
if(cwac.getParent() == null) {
ApplicationContext parent = this.loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
//Spring容器创建完成后,加载spring容器的各个组件
this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if(ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = this.context;
} else if(ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
}
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
}
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
}
return this.context;
} catch (RuntimeException var8) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", var8);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var8);
throw var8;
} catch (Error var9) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", var9);
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var9);
throw var9;
}
}
}
5、spring容器创建完成后,准备开始实例化加载bean,Spring容器创建完成后,准备向spring容器中加载bean 使用configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); 完成bean的加载;
protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
// The application context id is still set to its original default value
// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
if (idParam != null) {
wac.setId(idParam);
}
else {
// Generate default id...
wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
}
}
wac.setServletContext(sc);
String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
if (configLocationParam != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
}
// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
}
customizeContext(sc, wac);
wac.refresh();
}
说明:
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext中加载spring的配置文件,即web.xml中读取<context-param></context-param>中加载到Spring的配置文件,即:classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml;
或
通过以下代码加载spring配置
public class Application{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/context.xml");
ctx.start();
}
}
此处略过如何调用DefaultResourceLoader
顶级接口ResourceLoader仅提供了一个getResource(String location)方法,可以根据一个资源地址加载资源文件,资源地址的表达式可以是以下几种:
--1. classpath:前缀开头的表达式,例如: classpath:smart-context.xml
--2.“/”开头的表达式,例如:/WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml
--3. 非“/”开头的表达,例如:WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml
--4. url协议,例如:file:/D:/ALANWANG-AIA/Horse-workspace/chapter3/target/classes/smart-context.xml
Spring提供了实现类DefaultResourceLoader,DefaultResourceLoader在实现了以上列举的功能基础上,还为开发者提供了自定义扩展接口ProtocolResolver,开发者可实现该接口定制个性化资源表达式,代码如下:
@Override
public Resource getResource(String location) {
Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null");
for (ProtocolResolver protocolResolver : this.protocolResolvers) { // 1
Resource resource = protocolResolver.resolve(location, this);
if (resource != null) {return resource;}
}
if (location.startsWith("/")) {return getResourceByPath(location);} //2
else if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) { //3
return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader());
}
else {
try {
// Try to parse the location as a URL...
URL url = new URL(location); //4
return new UrlResource(url);
}
catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
// No URL -> resolve as resource path.
return getResourceByPath(location); //5
}
}
}
步骤1,先用扩展协议解析器解析资源地址并返回。举个例子,咱们可以自定义资源解析器来完成带前缀“classpath:”的解析:
首先实现ProtocolResolver接口:
class ClasspathPreProtocolResolver implements ProtocolResolver{
private static String CLASS_PATH_PRE="classpath:";
public Resource resolve(String location, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
if( location.startsWith(CLASS_PATH_PRE)) {
return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASS_PATH_PRE.length()));
}
return null;
}
}
步骤2,假设location以斜杠开头,则调用该类中 getResourceByPath(String path)方法 ,代码如下:
protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {
return new ClassPathContextResource(path, getClassLoader());
}
步骤三,假如资源表达式以classpath开头,则截取除前缀calsspath:的路径,并做为ClassPathResource的构造参数,生成ClassPathResource实例后返回。咱们可以在web.xml中做如下配置:
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
6、通过refresh()
内部的实现我们大致可以了解整个refresh()
方法担负了整个Spring容器初始化和加载的所有逻辑,包括Bean工厂的初始化、post-processor的注册以及调用、bean的实例化、事件发布等。
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