虚拟内存Virtual Memory

定义（百度百科）

虚拟内存是计算机系统内存管理的一种技术。它使得应用程序认为它拥有连续的可用的内存（一个连续完整的地址空间），而实际上，它通常是被分隔成多个物理内存碎片，还有部分暂时存储在外部磁盘存储器上，在需要时进行数据交换。目前，大多数操作系统都使用了虚拟内存，如Windows家族的“虚拟内存”；Linux的“交换空间”等。

 

我们有时需要对硬盘驱动进行定制化虚拟内存设置，比如搭建windows测试机时，可能需要进行设置虚拟内存，这是可以采用powershell进行命令设置，从而实现自动化部署。我们先看看手动设置的方式。

手动设置

This PC --> right click --> Properties-->System

对每一块硬盘驱动，进行相应的设置。设置完之后，重启下电脑。

 

Powershell设置虚拟内存

可以通过导入模块AdjustVirtualMemoryPagingFileSize.psm1，然后调用Set-OSCVirtualMemory，实现设置虚拟内存。模块代码和操作如下：

操作步骤：

1. 复制以下代码，保存到文件并命名为AdjustVirtualMemoryPagingFileSize.psm1

2. 通过Import-Module命令，导入模块

Import-Module .\AdjustVirtualMemoryPagingFileSize.psm1

3. 通过Set-OSCVirtualMemory，来设置相应内存，如果设置为-None，其相当于设置为选择了No paging file

# 设置C盘为None
Set-OSCVirtualMemory  -None  -DriveLetter  C:\

# 设置D盘虚拟内存初始化为4G，最大32G
Set-OSCVirtualMemory  -InitialSize 4096  -MaximumSize 32000  -DriveLetter D:\

模块AdjustVirtualMemoryPagingFileSize.psm1

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#The sample scripts are not supported under any Microsoft standard support 
#program or service. The sample scripts are provided AS IS without warranty  
#of any kind. Microsoft further disclaims all implied warranties including,  
#without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability or of fitness for 
#a particular purpose. The entire risk arising out of the use or performance of  
#the sample scripts and documentation remains with you. In no event shall 
#Microsoft, its authors, or anyone else involved in the creation, production, or 
#delivery of the scripts be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, 
#without limitation, damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, 
#loss of business information, or other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use 
#of or inability to use the sample scripts or documentation, even if Microsoft 
#has been advised of the possibility of such damages 
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

#requires -Version 2.0

Function Set-OSCVirtualMemory
{
<#
 	.SYNOPSIS
        Set-OSCVirtualMemory is an advanced function which can be used to adjust virtual memory page file size.
    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-OSCVirtualMemory is an advanced function which can be used to adjust virtual memory page file size.
    .PARAMETER  <InitialSize>
		Setting the paging file's initial size.
	.PARAMETER  <MaximumSize>
		Setting the paging file's maximum size.
	.PARAMETER  <DriveLetter>
		Specifies the drive letter you want to configure.
	.PARAMETER  <SystemManagedSize>
		Allow Windows to manage page files on this computer.
	.PARAMETER  <None>		
		Disable page files setting.
	.PARAMETER  <Reboot>		
		Reboot the computer so that configuration changes take effect.
	.PARAMETER  <AutoConfigure>
		Automatically configure the initial size and maximumsize.
    .EXAMPLE
        C:\PS> Set-OSCVirtualMemory -InitialSize 1024 -MaximumSize 2048 -DriveLetter "C:","D:"
		Execution Results: Set page file size on "C:" successful.
		Execution Results: Set page file size on "D:" successful.
		Name            InitialSize(MB) MaximumSize(MB)
		----            --------------- ---------------
		C:\pagefile.sys            1024            2048
		D:\pagefile.sys            1024            2048
		E:\pagefile.sys            2048            2048
	.LINK
		Get-WmiObject
		http://technet.microsoft.com/library/hh849824.aspx
#>
	[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true,DefaultParameterSetName="SetPageFileSize")]
	Param
	(
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=0,ParameterSetName="SetPageFileSize")]
		[Alias('is')]
		[Int32]$InitialSize,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=1,ParameterSetName="SetPageFileSize")]
		[Alias('ms')]
		[Int32]$MaximumSize,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=2)]
		[Alias('dl')]
		[String[]]$DriveLetter,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=3,ParameterSetName="None")]
		[Switch]$None,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=4,ParameterSetName="SystemManagedSize")]
		[Switch]$SystemManagedSize,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$false,Position=5)]
		[Switch]$Reboot,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=6,ParameterSetName="AutoConfigure")]
		[Alias('auto')]
		[Switch]$AutoConfigure
	)
	
	If($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Setting the virtual memory page file size"))
	{
		Foreach($DL in $DriveLetter)
		{		
			If($None)
			{
				$PageFile = Get-WmiObject -Query "Select * From Win32_PageFileSetting Where Name='$DL\\pagefile.sys'" -EnableAllPrivileges
				If($PageFile -ne $null)
				{
					$PageFile.Delete()
				}
				Else
				{
					Write-Warning """$DL"" is already set None!"
				}
			}
			ElseIf($SystemManagedSize)
			{
				$InitialSize = 0
				$MaximumSize = 0
				
				Set-PageFileSize -DL $DL -InitialSize $InitialSize -MaximumSize $MaximumSize
			}						
			ElseIf($AutoConfigure)
			{
				$InitialSize = 0
				$MaximumSize = 0
				
				#Getting total physical memory size
				Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PhysicalMemory | Where-Object{$_.DeviceLocator -ne "SYSTEM ROM"} | `
				ForEach-Object{$TotalPhysicalMemorySize += [Double]($_.Capacity)/1GB}
				
				<#
				By default, the minimum size on a 32-bit (x86) system is 1.5 times the amount of physical RAM if physical RAM is less than 1 GB, 
				and equal to the amount of physical RAM plus 300 MB if 1 GB or more is installed. The default maximum size is three times the amount of RAM, 
				regardless of how much physical RAM is installed. 
				#>
				If($TotalPhysicalMemorySize -lt 1)
				{
					$InitialSize = 1.5*1024
					$MaximumSize = 1024*3
					Set-PageFileSize -DL $DL -InitialSize $InitialSize -MaximumSize $MaximumSize
				}
				Else
				{
					$InitialSize = 1024+300
					$MaximumSize = 1024*3
					Set-PageFileSize -DL $DL -InitialSize $InitialSize -MaximumSize $MaximumSize
				}
			}
			Else
			{
				Set-PageFileSize -DL $DL -InitialSize $InitialSize -MaximumSize $MaximumSize
			}
			
			If($Reboot)
			{
				Restart-Computer -ComputerName $Env:COMPUTERNAME -Force
			}
		}
		
		#get current page file size information
		Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PageFileSetting -EnableAllPrivileges|Select-Object Name, `
		@{Name="InitialSize(MB)";Expression={if($_.InitialSize -eq 0){"System Managed"}else{$_.InitialSize}}}, `
		@{Name="MaximumSize(MB)";Expression={if($_.MaximumSize -eq 0){"System Managed"}else{$_.MaximumSize}}}| `
		Format-Table -AutoSize
	}
}

Function Set-PageFileSize
{
	Param($DL,$InitialSize,$MaximumSize)
	
	#The AutomaticManagedPagefile property determines whether the system managed pagefile is enabled. 
	#This capability is not available on windows server 2003,XP and lower versions.
	#Only if it is NOT managed by the system and will also allow you to change these.
	$IsAutomaticManagedPagefile = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem |Foreach-Object{$_.AutomaticManagedPagefile}
	If($IsAutomaticManagedPagefile)
	{
		#We must enable all the privileges of the current user before the command makes the WMI call.
		$SystemInfo=Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem -EnableAllPrivileges
		$SystemInfo.AutomaticManagedPageFile = $false
		[Void]$SystemInfo.Put()
	}
	
	Write-Verbose "Setting pagefile on $DL"
	
	#configuring the page file size
	$PageFile = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PageFileSetting -Filter "SettingID='pagefile.sys @ $DL'"
	
	Try
	{
		If($PageFile -ne $null)
		{
			$PageFile.Delete()
		}
			Set-WmiInstance -Class Win32_PageFileSetting -Arguments @{name="$DL\pagefile.sys"; InitialSize = 0; MaximumSize = 0} `
			-EnableAllPrivileges |Out-Null
			
			$PageFile = Get-WmiObject Win32_PageFileSetting -Filter "SettingID='pagefile.sys @ $DL'"
			
			$PageFile.InitialSize = $InitialSize
			$PageFile.MaximumSize = $MaximumSize
			[Void]$PageFile.Put()
			
			Write-Host  "Execution Results: Set page file size on ""$DL"" successful."
			Write-Warning "Pagefile configuration changed on computer '$Env:COMPUTERNAME'. The computer must be restarted for the changes to take effect."
	}
	Catch
	{
		Write-Host "Execution Results: No Permission - Failed to set page file size on ""$DL"""
	}
}