初始化参数文件的默认位置
UNIX and Linux：
默认命名规范：initORACLE_SID .ora
默认位置:ORACLE_HOME/ dbs

Windows ：
默认命名规范：initORACLE_SID .ora 
默认位置：ORACLE_HOME\ database
 
  参数设置格式：
■ For parameters that accept only a single value:
 parameter_name=value

■ For parameters that accept one  or more values (such as the CONTROL_FILES  parameter):
 parameter_name=(value [,value ] ...)
 
 eg：
 control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'
  control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'
  control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
 
  control_files=（/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl，/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl，/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl）
 
  初始化参数文件的样例：
  $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORCL.ora
The following is the content of the sample file:
##############################################################################
# Example INIT.ORA file
#
# This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you start by providing
# a starting point to customize your RDBMS installation for your site.
#
# NOTE: The values that are used in this file are only intended to be used
# as a starting point. You may want to adjust/tune those values to your
# specific hardware and needs. You may also consider using Database
# Configuration Assistant tool (DBCA) to create INIT file and to size your
# initial set of tablespaces based on the user input.
###############################################################################
 
# Change '<ORACLE_BASE>' to point to the oracle base (the one you specify at
# install time)
 
db_name='ORCL'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2)
compatible ='11.2.0'