ansible
目录ansible安装使用ansible执行远程命令Ansible拷贝文件或者目录Ansible远程执行脚本Ansible管理任务计划Ansible安装rpm包/管理服务playbookplaybook实战--nginx安装playbook实战-管理配置文件ansible安装ansible可直接通过yum安装[root@shuai-01 ~]...
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目录
ansible
安装
ansible可直接通过yum安装
[root@shuai-01 ~]# yum install -y ansible.noarch
安装完成后，需要在机器上设置秘钥，将安装ansible机器上的公钥分发到其他机器
机器一
[root@shuai-01 ~]# cat ./.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCyjV0iSmwCvC8pHTEmzNKKSX3hLNgiEVZU3BKL+3t6cShUwzKOq+xRWSf4Ii5P+Wdg/ttQWkEBXEOgOQyYAbvJ9VKTj0WnAzdiRP4tE1rxCDtzodrCG1yOYG1ICTkzHL0akL0BDLMBtC+57Q8sFd+hQVJ965RBbZIsBpsw4BLuzdnNmNC6X24IcMXM5DS7mYmEanKZgmEJYmfnItBoA44lwtM1SJ2HQLfMDqM1h5UneJqYVw/LHprlm4yhOmq9q3kWCbec3qyndpxa58ULLYE4kZvltHZfPfBAjdWGnRxAO0piuEcuDAdaW7IQFrNWTpc/iup7332MzhkmbUBlHEQz root@shuai-01
[root@shuai-01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.176.134 shuai-02
机器二，将机器二的公钥写入
[root@shuai-02 ~]# vim .ssh/authorized_keys
然后连接
[root@shuai-01 ~]# ssh shuai-02
The authenticity of host 'shuai-02 (192.168.176.134)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is ec:cf:5c:e7:1b:4e:1a:ba:ef:0b:20:06:dc:f0:b4:0e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'shuai-02' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Mon Aug 12 14:31:46 2019 from 192.168.176.1
完成后在配置主机组，主机组是一群机器
机器一：
[root@shuai-01 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[testhost]
shuai-02
localhost
使用ansible执行远程命令
[root@shuai-01 ~]# ansible testhost -m command -a 'w'
192.168.176.134 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
14:46:46 up 16 min, 2 users, load average: 0.08, 0.06, 0.10
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 192.168.176.1 14:31 11:58 0.01s 0.01s -bash
root pts/1 192.168.176.135 14:46 1.00s 0.20s 0.00s w
127.0.0.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
14:46:48 up 2:27, 2 users, load average: 1.01, 0.31, 0.14
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 192.168.176.1 12:20 48.00s 24.06s 0.00s ssh -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o ControlPath=/root/.ansible/cp/21f0e6a9ae -tt 127.0.0.1 /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1565592395.48-59550864680989/AnsiballZ_command.py && sleep 0'
root pts/2 localhost 14:46 2.00s 0.25s 0.10s w
testhost------主机组
- m command -----命令模式
Ansible拷贝文件或者目录
拷贝目录
[root@shuai-01 ~]# ansible shuai-02 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible dest=/tmp/ansible owner=root group=root mode=0755"
shuai-02 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/ansible/",
"src": "/etc/ansible"
}
shuai-02 -------- 指定主机名或主机组
-m copy -------- 拷贝模块
src=/etc/ansible --- 源目录
dest=/tmp/ansible --目标目录，如果没有，会自行创建，拷贝的目录会在这个目录的下面
owner=root group=root mode=0755 --- 所属主，所属组，权限 没指定用户，默认是root：root 755
拷贝文件
[root@shuai-01 ~]# ansible shuai-02 -m copy -a "src=/root/4.txt dest=/tmp/shuai owner=root group=root mode=0755 "
shuai-02 -------- 指定主机名或主机组
-m copy -------- 拷贝模块
src=/etc/ansible --- 源目录
dest=/tmp/ansible --目标目录，如果没有，会自行创建，拷贝的目录会在这个目录的下面，如果是一个有文件后缀名，他会存到这个文件中
owner=root group=root mode=0755 --- 所属主，所属组，权限 没指定用户，默认是root：root 755
Ansible远程执行脚本
需要先将脚本分发拷贝到各台机器上，然后在批量执行脚本
ansible testhost -m copy -a "src=/tmp/1.sh dest=/tmp/test.sh mode=0755"
[root@shuai-01 ~]# ansible testhost -m shell -a "/tmp/test.sh"
Ansible管理任务计划
ansible testhost -m cron -a "name='test cron' job='/bin/touch /tmp/1212.txt' weekday=6"
[root@shuai-01 ~]# crontab -l
#Ansible: test cron
* * * * 6 /bin/touch /tmp/1212.txt
testhost ----- 主机组
-m cron ------ cron模块
name='test cron ---- 定义的名字
job='/bin/touch /tmp/1212.txt' -- 任务
weekday=6 ------ 时间 分钟 minute 小时 hour 日期 day 月份 month
若要删除该cron 只需要加一个字段 state=absent
ansible testhost -m cron -a "name='test cron' state=absent"Ansible安装rpm包/管理服务
安装包
ansible testhost -m yum -a "name=httpd state=installed"
testhost --------- 主机组
-m yum ---------- yum模块
name=httpd ------- 服务名 chkconfig --list查到
state=installed -- 安装 state=installed/removed
服务管理
ansible testhost -m service -a "name=httpd state=started enabled=yes"
testhost --------- 主机组
-m service ------- 服务
name=httpd ------- 服务名
state=started ---- 状态：启动 state=started/stoped
enabled=yes ------ 是否加入开机自启动
通过ansible-doc cron 具体的模块名，来看详细的使用方式
playbook
语法：
vim create_user.yml
---
- name: create_user
hosts: shuai-02
user: root
gather_facts: false
vars:
- user: "test"
tasks:
- name: create user
user: name="{{ user }}"
--- 这是一个雷打不动的开头
- 每个-下面表示是这个-的范围，每一个顶级的-表示一个play，每个play中必须包含host task
通过key-value来表示值，通过： 来分割键值
循环
vi /etc/ansible/while.yml
---
- hosts: testhost
user: root
tasks:
- name: change mode for files
file: path=/tmp/{{ item }} mode=600
with_items:
- 1.txt
- 2.txt
- 3.txt
说明: with_items为循环的对象
执行 ansible-playbook while.yml
条件判断
vi /etc/ansible/when.yml
---
- hosts: testhost
user: root
gather_facts: True
tasks:
- name: use when
shell: touch /tmp/when.txt
when: ansible_ens33.ipv4.address == "172.7.15.114“
说明：ansible aming-02 -m setup 可以查看到所有的facter信息
handler
执行task之后，服务器发生变化之后要执行的一些操作，比如我们修改了配置文件后，需要重启一下服务
vi /etc/ansible/handlers.yml//加入如下内容
---
- name: handlers test
hosts: shuai-02
user: root
tasks:
- name: copy file
copy: src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/aaa.txt
notify: test handlers
handlers:
- name: test handlers
shell: echo "111111" >> /tmp/aaa.txt
说明，只有copy模块真正执行后，才会去调用下面的handlers相关的操作。也就是说如果1.txt和2.txt内容是一样的，并不会去执行handlers里面的shell相关命令。 这种比较适合配置文件发生更改后，重启服务的操作。
playbook实战--nginx安装
思路：先在一台机器上编译安装好nginx、打包，然后再用ansible去下发 cd /etc/ansible 进入ansible配置文件目录 mkdir nginx_install 创建一个nginx_install的目录，方便管理 cd nginx_install mkdir -p roles/{common,install}/{handlers,files,meta,tasks,templates,vars} 说明：roles目录下有两个角色，common为一些准备操作，install为安装nginx的操作。每个角色下面又有几个目录，handlers下面是当发生改变时要执行的操作，通常用在配置文件发生改变，重启服务。files为安装时用到的一些文件，meta为说明信息，说明角色依赖等信息，tasks里面是核心的配置文件，templates通常存一些配置文件，启动脚本等模板文件，vars下为定义的变量
需要事先准备好安装用到的文件，具体如下： 在一台机器上事先编译安装好nginx，配置好启动脚本，配置好配置文件 安装好后，我们需要把nginx目录打包，并放到/etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/files/下面，名字为nginx.tar.gz 启动脚本、配置文件都要放到/etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/templates下面 cd /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles 定义common的tasks，nginx是需要一些依赖包的 vim ./common/tasks/main.yml //内容如下 - name: Install initializtion require software yum: name={{ item }} state=installed with_items: - zlib-devel - pcre-devel
创建文件
[root@shuai-01 ansible]# mkdir nginx_install
[root@shuai-01 ansible]# cd nginx_install/
[root@shuai-01 nginx_install]# mkdir -p roles/{common,install}/{files,handles,mate,tasks,templates,vars}
[root@shuai-01 nginx_install]# ls
roles
[root@shuai-01 nginx_install]# ls roles/
common install
[root@shuai-01 nginx_install]# ls roles/install/
files handles mate tasks templates vars
[root@shuai-01 nginx_install]# ls roles/common/
files handles mate tasks templates vars
将Nginx打包，配置文件复制到相应的目录下
[root@shuai-01 local]# tar czvf nginx.tar.gz --exclude "nginx.conf" --exclude "vhost" /usr/local/nginx
[root@shuai-01 local]# mv nginx.tar.gz /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/files/
[root@shuai-01 local]# cp nginx/conf/nginx.conf /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/templates/
[root@shuai-01 local]# cp /etc/init.d/nginx /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/templates/
common目录下编辑一个安装依赖包的task
[root@shuai-01 common]# vim tasks/main.yml
- name: Install initializtion require software
yum: name="zlib-devel,pcre-devel" state=installed
定义需要的变量
[root@shuai-01 install]# vim vars/main.yml
nginx_user: www
nginx_port: 80
nginx_basedir: /usr/local/nginx
写拷贝的yml
[root@shuai-01 install]# vim tasks/copy.yml
- name: Copy Nginx Software
copy: src=nginx.tar.gz dest=/tmp/nginx.tar.gz owner=root group=root
- name: Uncompression Nginx Software
shell: tar zxf /tmp/nginx.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
- name: Copy Nginx Start Script
template: src=nginx dest=/etc/init.d/nginx owner=root group=root mode=0755
- name: Copy Nginx Config
template: src=nginx.conf dest={{ nginx_basedir }}/conf/ owner=root group=root mode=0644
写建立用户，启动，服务管理的yml
[root@shuai-01 install]# vim tasks/install.yml
- name: Create Nginx User
user: name={{ nginx_user }} state=present createhome=no shell=/sbin/nologin
- name: Start Nginx Service
shell: /etc/init.d/nginx start
- name: Add Boot Start Nginx Service
shell: chkconfig --level 345 nginx on
- name: Delete Nginx compression files
shell: rm -rf /tmp/nginx.tar.gz
一个yml将copy.yml,install.yml包含进去
[root@shuai-01 install]# vim tasks/main.yml
- include: copy.yml
- include: install.yml
一个调用的主yml
[root@shuai-01 install]# vim /etc/ansible/nginx_install/install.yml
---
- hosts: testhost
remote_user: root
gather_facts: True
roles:
- common
- install
[root@shuai-01 common]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/nginx_install/install.yml
执行结果
[root@shuai-01 common]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/nginx_install/install.yml
PLAY [shuai-02] *************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************
ok: [shuai-02]
TASK [common : Install initializtion require software] **********************************
ok: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Copy Nginx Software] ****************************************************
changed: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Uncompression Nginx Software] *******************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using the unarchive module rather than running 'tar'. If you need
to use command because unarchive is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this
command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
changed: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Copy Nginx Start Script] ************************************************
changed: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Copy Nginx Config] ******************************************************
changed: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Create Nginx User] ******************************************************
changed: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Start Nginx Service] ****************************************************
changed: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Add Boot Start Nginx Service] *******************************************
changed: [shuai-02]
TASK [install : Delete Nginx compression files] *****************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=absent rather than running 'rm'.
If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to
this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this
message.
changed: [shuai-02]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************
shuai-02 : ok=10 changed=8 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[root@shuai-02 ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
root 3051 0.0 0.0 46312 952 ? Ss 17:58 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 3052 0.0 0.1 46696 1912 ? S 17:58 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 3181 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/0 R+ 18:00 0:00 grep --color=auto ngin
playbook实战-管理配置文件
生产环境中大多时候是需要管理配置文件的，安装软件包只是在初始化环境的时候用一下。下面我们来写个管理nginx配置文件的playbook mkdir -p /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/{new,old}/{files,handlers,vars,tasks} 其中new为更新时用到的，old为回滚时用到的，files下面为nginx.conf和vhosts目录，handlers为重启nginx服务的命令 关于回滚，需要在执行playbook之前先备份一下旧的配置，所以对于老配置文件的管理一定要严格，千万不能随便去修改线上机器的配置，并且要保证new/files下面的配置和线上的配置一致
创建目录
[root@shuai-01 common]# mkdir -p /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/{new,old}/{files,handles,vars,tasks}
[root@shuai-01 common]# ls
files handles mate tasks templates vars
[root@shuai-01 common]# cd /etc/ansible/nginx_config/
将上传的配置文件上传到对应的files目录
[root@shuai-01 nginx_config]# cp -r /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/new/files/
定义变量yml
[root@shuai-01 nginx_config]# vim /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/new/vars/main.yml
nginx_basedir: /usr/local/nginx
定义重新加载yml
[root@shuai-01 nginx_config]# vim /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/new/handles/main.yml
- name: restart nginx
shell: /etc/init.d/nginx reload
定义tasks的yml
[root@shuai-01 nginx_config]# vim /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/new/tasks/main.yml
- name: copy conf file
copy: src={{ item.src }} dest={{ nginx_basedir }}/{{ item.dest }} backup=yes owner=root group=root mode=0644
with_items:
- { src: nginx.conf, dest: conf/nginx.conf }
- { src: vhost, dest: conf/ }
notify: restart nginx
定义更新的入口
[root@shuai-01 nginx_config]# vim /etc/ansible/nginx_config/update.yml
---
- hosts: testhost
user: root
roles:
- new
定义回滚的入口
[root@shuai-01 nginx_config]# vim /etc/ansible/nginx_config/rollback.yml
---
- hosts: testhost
user: root
roles:
- old
rsync -av /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/new/ /etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/old/
回滚操作就是把旧的配置覆盖，然后重新加载nginx服务, 每次改动nginx配置文件之前先备份到old里，对应目录为/etc/ansible/nginx_config/roles/old/files
更新使用update.yml
[root@shuai-01 nginx_config]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/nginx_config/update.yml
PLAY [shuai-02] *************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************
ok: [shuai-02]
TASK [new : copy conf file] *************************************************************
ok: [shuai-02] => (item={u'dest': u'conf/nginx.conf', u'src': u'nginx.conf'})
ok: [shuai-02] => (item={u'dest': u'conf/', u'src': u'vhost'})
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************
shuai-02 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
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