微服务运维专题 - Docker - 05 - Docker Compose 与 Docker Swarm
Docker 作为 微服务架构 中重要的一环,已经越来越受到更多的企业的青睐,常采用Docker +K8S 架构,Docker虚拟化技术究竟如何是怎样实现的,与K8S之间又有怎样的关系呢?本系列文章就带您一探究竟吧~
Docker Compose 与 Docker Swarm
前言
如今的互联网行情,作为Java开发人员,对于Docker + K8S 这两个技术点是必须掌握的,本专题就让我带领大家揭开Docker+K8S的神秘面纱,如果您还未曾了解过,那么也不要紧,只需跟着操作流程动手实验,用心思考,不论是面试,还是工作,想必定不会让各位失望~
在 Docker 篇 我们给到五个小节的内容加以阐述,分别是:
- Docker - 01 - 初识Docker
- Docker - 02 - Image and Container
- Docker - 03 - Docker网络大揭秘
- Docker - 04 - Docker数据持久化
- Docker - 05 - Docker Compose 与 Docker Swarm
Docker Compose
业务背景
Docker传统方式实现
写Python代码&build image
(1)创建文件夹
mkdir -p /tmp/composetest
cd /tmp/composetest
(2)创建app.py文件,写业务内容
import time
import redis
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
def get_hit_count():
retries = 5
while True:
try:
return cache.incr('hits')
except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
if retries == 0:
raise exc
retries -= 1
time.sleep(0.5)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
count = get_hit_count()
return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)
(3)新建requirements.txt文件
flask
redis
(4)编写Dockerfile
FROM python:3.7-alpine
WORKDIR /code
ENV FLASK_APP app.py
ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST 0.0.0.0
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["flask", "run"]
(5)根据Dockerfile生成image
docker build -t python-app-image .
(6)查看images:docker images
python-app-image latest 7e1d81f366b7 3 minutes ago 213MB
获取Redis的image
docker pull redis:alpine
创建两个container
(1)创建网络
docker network ls
docker network create --subnet=172.20.0.0/24 app-net
(1)创建python程序的container,并指定网段和端口
docker run -d --name web -p 5000:5000 --network app-net python-app-image
(2)创建redis的container,并指定网段
docker run -d --name redis --network app-net redis:alpine
访问测试
ip[centos]:5000
简介和安装
简介
官网
:https://docs.docker.com/compose/Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration.
安装
Linux环境中需要单独安装
官网
:https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker compose实现
同样的前期准备
新建目录,比如composetest
进入目录,编写app.py代码
创建requirements.txt文件
编写Dockerfile
编写docker-compose.yaml文件
默认名称,当然也可以指定,docker-compose.yaml
version: '3'
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
networks:
- app-net
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"
networks:
- app-net
networks:
app-net:
driver: bridge
(1)通过docker compose创建容器
docker-compose up -d
(2)访问测试
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-RJ3MIAWT-1617614106125)(D:/work/完成dockerV1.0/images/32.png)]
详解docker-compose.yml文件
(1)version: ‘3’
表示docker-compose的版本
(2)services
一个service表示一个container
(3)networks
相当于docker network create app-net
(4)volumes
相当于-v v1:/var/lib/mysql
(5)image
表示使用哪个镜像,本地build则用build,远端则用image
(6)ports
相当于-p 8080:8080
(7)environment
相当于-e
docker-compose常见操作
(1)查看版本
docker-compose version
(2)根据yml创建service
docker-compose up
指定yaml:docker-compose up -f xxx.yaml
后台运行:docker-compose up
(3)查看启动成功的service
docker-compose ps
也可以使用docker ps
(4)查看images
docker-compose images
(5)停止/启动service
docker-compose stop/start
(6)删除service[同时会删除掉network和volume]
docker-compose down
(7)进入到某个service
docker-compose exec redis sh
scale扩缩容
(1)修改docker-compose.yaml文件,主要是把web的ports去掉,不然会报错
version: '3'
services:
web:
build: .
networks:
- app-net
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"
networks:
- app-net
networks:
app-net:
driver: bridge
(2)创建service
docker-compose up -d
(3)若要对python容器进行扩缩容
docker-compose up --scale web=5 -d
docker-compose ps
docker-compose logs web
Docker Swarm
Install Swarm
环境准备
(1)根据Vagrantfile创建3台centos机器
[大家可以根据自己实际的情况准备3台centos机器,不一定要使用vagrant+virtualbox]
新建swarm-docker-centos7文件夹,创建Vagrantfile
boxes = [
{
:name => "manager-node",
:eth1 => "192.168.0.11",
:mem => "1024",
:cpu => "1"
},
{
:name => "worker01-node",
:eth1 => "192.168.0.12",
:mem => "1024",
:cpu => "1"
},
{
:name => "worker02-node",
:eth1 => "192.168.0.13",
:mem => "1024",
:cpu => "1"
}
]
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
boxes.each do |opts|
config.vm.define opts[:name] do |config|
config.vm.hostname = opts[:name]
config.vm.provider "vmware_fusion" do |v|
v.vmx["memsize"] = opts[:mem]
v.vmx["numvcpus"] = opts[:cpu]
end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", opts[:mem]]
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--cpus", opts[:cpu]]
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", opts[:name]]
end
config.vm.network :public_network, ip: opts[:eth1]
end
end
end
(2)进入到对应的centos里面,使得root账户能够登陆,从而使用XShell登陆
vagrant ssh manager-node/worker01-node/worker02-node
sudo -i
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
修改PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd 修改密码
systemctl restart sshd
(3)在win上ping一下各个主机,看是否能ping通
ping 192.168.0.11/12/13
(4)在每台机器上安装docker engine
小技巧
:要想让每个shell窗口一起执行同样的命令"查看–>撰写–>撰写窗口–>全部会话"
搭建Swarm集群
(1)进入manager
提示
:manager node也可以作为worker node提供服务
docker swarm init --advertise-addr=192.168.0.11
注意观察日志,拿到worker node加入manager node的信息
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-0a5ph4nehwdm9wzcmlbj2ckqqso38pkd238rprzwcoawabxtdq-arcpra6yzltedpafk3qyvv0y3 192.168.0.11:2377
(2)进入两个worker
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-0a5ph4nehwdm9wzcmlbj2ckqqso38pkd238rprzwcoawabxtdq-arcpra6yzltedpafk3qyvv0y3 192.168.0.11:2377
日志打印
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
(3)进入到manager node查看集群状态
docker node ls
(4)node类型的转换
可以将worker提升成manager,从而保证manager的高可用
docker node promote worker01-node
docker node promote worker02-node
#降级可以用demote
docker node demote worker01-node
在线的
http://labs.play-with-docker.com
Swarm基本操作
Service
(1)创建一个tomcat的service
docker service create --name my-tomcat tomcat
(2)查看当前swarm的service
docker service ls
(3)查看service的启动日志
docker service logs my-tomcat
(4)查看service的详情
docker service inspect my-tomcat
(5)查看my-tomcat运行在哪个node上
docker service ps my-tomcat
日志
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
u6o4mz4tj396 my-tomcat.1 tomcat:latest worker01-node Running Running 3 minutes ago
(6)水平扩展service
docker service scale my-tomcat=3
docker service ls
docker service ps my-tomcat
日志
:可以发现,其他node上都运行了一个my-tomcat的service
[root@manager-node ~]# docker service ps my-tomcat
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
u6o4mz4tj396 my-tomcat.1 tomcat:latest worker01-node Running Running 8 minutes ago
v505wdu3fxqo my-tomcat.2 tomcat:latest manager-node Running Running 46 seconds ago
wpbsilp62sc0 my-tomcat.3 tomcat:latest worker02-node Running Running 49 seconds ago
此时到worker01-node上:docker ps,可以发现container的name和service名称不一样,这点要知道
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bc4b9bb097b8 tomcat:latest "catalina.sh run" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 8080/tcp my-tomcat.1.u6o4mz4tj3969a1p3mquagxok
(7)如果某个node上的my-tomcat挂掉了,这时候会自动扩展
[worker01-node]
docker rm -f containerid
[manager-node]
docker service ls
docker service ps my-tomcat
(8)删除service
docker service rm my-tomcat
多机通信overlay网络[3.7的延续]
业务场景
:workpress+mysql实现个人博客搭建
传统手动方式实现
一台centos上,分别创建容器
01-创建mysql容器[创建完成等待一会,注意mysql的版本]
docker run -d --name mysql -v v1:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=examplepass -e MYSQL_DATABASE=db_wordpress mysql:5.6
02-创建wordpress容器[将wordpress的80端口映射到centos的8080端口]
docker run -d --name wordpress --link mysql -e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=mysql:3306 -e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=root -e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=examplepass -e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=db_wordpress -p 8080:80 wordpress
03-查看默认bridge的网络,可以发现两个容器都在其中
docker network inspect bridge
04-访问测试
win浏览器中输入:ip[centos]:8080,一直下一步
使用docker compose创建
docker-compose的方式还是在一台机器中,网络这块很清晰
01-创建wordpress-mysql文件夹
mkdir -p /tmp/wordpress-mysql
cd /tmp/wordpress-mysql
02-创建docker-compose.yml文件
文件内容
version: '3.1'
services:
wordpress:
image: wordpress
restart: always
ports:
- 8080:80
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: exampleuser
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: examplepass
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: exampledb
volumes:
- wordpress:/var/www/html
db:
image: mysql:5.7
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: exampledb
MYSQL_USER: exampleuser
MYSQL_PASSWORD: examplepass
MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD: '1'
volumes:
- db:/var/lib/mysql
volumes:
wordpress:
db:
03-根据docker-compose.yml文件创建service
docker-compose up -d
04-访问测试
win10浏览器ip[centos]:8080,一直下一步
05-值得关注的点是网络
docker network ls
docker network inspect wordpress-mysql_default
Swarm中实现
还是wordpress+mysql的案例,在docker swarm集群中怎么玩呢?
(1)创建一个overlay网络,用于docker swarm中多机通信
【manager-node】
docker network create -d overlay my-overlay-net
docker network ls[此时worker node查看不到]
(2)创建mysql的service
【manager-node】
01-创建service
docker service create --name mysql --mount type=volume,source=v1,destination=/var/lib/mysql --env MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=examplepass --env MYSQL_DATABASE=db_wordpress --network my-overlay-net mysql:5.6
02-查看service
docker service ls
docker service ps mysql
(3)创建wordpress的service
01-创建service [注意之所以下面可以通过mysql名字访问,也是因为有DNS解析]
docker service create --name wordpress --env WORDPRESS_DB_USER=root --env WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=examplepass --env WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=mysql:3306 --env WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=db_wordpress -p 8080:80 --network my-overlay-net wordpress
02-查看service
docker service ls
docker service ps mysql
03-此时mysql和wordpress的service运行在哪个node上,这时候就能看到my-overlay-net的网络
(4)测试
win浏览器访问ip[manager/worker01/worker02]:8080都能访问成功
(5)查看my-overlay-net
docker network inspect my-overlay-net
(6)为什么没有用etcd?docker swarm中有自己的分布式存储机制
Routing Mesh
Ingress
通过前面的案例我们发现,部署一个wordpress的service,映射到主机的8080端口,这时候通过swarm集群中的任意主机ip:8080都能成功访问,这是因为什么?
把问题简化
:docker service create --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 --network my-overlay-net tomcat
(1)记得使用一个自定义的overlay类型的网络
--network my-overlay-net
(2)查看service情况
docker service ls
docker service ps tomcat
(3)访问3台机器的ip:8080测试
发现都能够访问到tomcat的欢迎页
Internal
之前在实战wordpress+mysql的时候,发现wordpress中可以直接通过mysql名称访问
这样可以说明两点,第一是其中一定有dns解析,第二是两个service的ip是能够ping通的
思考
:不妨再创建一个service,也同样使用上述tomcat的overlay网络,然后来实验docker service create --name whoami -p 8000:8000 --network my-overlay-net -d jwilder/whoami
(1)查看whoami的情况
docker service ps whoami
(2)在各自容器中互相ping一下彼此,也就是容器间的通信
#tomcat容器中ping whoami
docker exec -it 9d7d4c2b1b80 ping whoami
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.080 ms
#whoami容器中ping tomcat
docker exec -it 5c4fe39e7f60 ping tomcat
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.18): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.18): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.080 ms
(3)将whoami进行扩容
docker service scale whoami=3
docker service ps whoami #manager,worker01,worker02
(4)此时再ping whoami service,并且访问whoami服务
#ping
docker exec -it 9d7d4c2b1b80 ping whoami
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
64 bytes from bogon (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms
#访问
docker exec -it 9d7d4c2b1b80 curl whoami:8000 [多访问几次]
I'm 09f4158c81ae
I'm aebc574dc990
I'm 7755bc7da921
小结
:通过上述的实验可以发现什么?whoami服务对其他服务暴露的ip是不变的,但是通过whoami名称访问8000端口,确实访问到的是不同的service,就说明访问其实是像下面这张图。
也就是说whoami service对其他服务提供了一个统一的VIP入口,别的服务访问时会做负载均衡。
Stack
docker stack deploy:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stack_deploy/
compose-file:https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/
有没有发现上述部署service很麻烦?要是能够类似于docker-compose.yml文件那种方式一起管理该多少?这就要涉及到docker swarm中的Stack,我们直接通过前面的wordpress+mysql案例看看怎么使用咯。
(1)新建service.yml文件
version: '3'
services:
wordpress:
image: wordpress
ports:
- 8080:80
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: exampleuser
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: examplepass
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: exampledb
networks:
- ol-net
volumes:
- wordpress:/var/www/html
deploy:
mode: replicated
replicas: 3
restart_policy:
condition: on-failure
delay: 5s
max_attempts: 3
update_config:
parallelism: 1
delay: 10s
db:
image: mysql:5.7
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: exampledb
MYSQL_USER: exampleuser
MYSQL_PASSWORD: examplepass
MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD: '1'
volumes:
- db:/var/lib/mysql
networks:
- ol-net
deploy:
mode: global
placement:
constraints:
- node.role == manager
volumes:
wordpress:
db:
networks:
ol-net:
driver: overlay
(2)根据service.yml创建service
docker statck deploy -c service.yml my-service
(3)常见操作
01-查看stack具体信息
docker stack ls
NAME SERVICES ORCHESTRATOR
my-service 2 Swarm
02-查看具体的service
docker stack services my-service
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS
icraimlesu61 my-service_db global 1/1 mysql:5.7
iud2g140za5c my-service_wordpress replicated 3/3 wordpress:latest *:8080->80/tcp
03-查看某个service
docker service inspect my-service-db
"Endpoint": {
"Spec": {
"Mode": "vip"
},
"VirtualIPs": [
{
"NetworkID": "kz1reu3yxxpwp1lvnrraw0uq6",
"Addr": "10.0.1.5/24"
}
]
}
(4)访问测试
win浏览器ip[manager,worker01,worker02]:8080
写在最后
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