方式一：修改配置文件（需要停止docker服务）

1、systemctl stop docker.service（关键，修改之前必须停止docker服务）

2、修改宿主机文件：vim /var/lib/docker/containers/【container-ID】/config.v2.json

【container-ID】=》需要修改容器相对于的ID值；
修改配置文件中的目录位置，然后保存退出

未缩进版：

"MountPoints":{"/home":{"Source":"/docker","Destination":"/home","RW":true,"Name":"","Driver":"","Type":"bind","Propagation":"rprivate","Spec":{"Type":"bind","Source":"//docker/","Target":"/home"}}}

缩进版：

 "MountPoints":{"/home":{
	 "Source":"/docker",
	 "Destination":"/home",
	 "RW":true,
	 "Name":"",
	 "Driver":"",
	 "Type":"bind",
	 "Propagation":"rprivate",
	 "Spec":{"Type":"bind","Source":"//docker/","Target":"/home"}
	 }}

由于看了几篇文章还是觉得方法一的说明不太清楚，就自己做了个实例进行结构分析。
![(https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210526192537372.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDExODg5NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)

截图对应代码：

"MountPoints":{
				"/etc/mysql":{
					"Source":"/mydata/mysql/conf",
					"Destination":"/etc/mysql",
					"RW":true,
					"Name":"",
					"Driver":"",
					"Type":"bind",
					"Propagation":"rprivate",
					"Spec":
					{
						"Type":"bind",
						"Source":"/mydata/mysql/conf",
						"Target":"/etc/mysql"
					},
					"SkipMountpointCreation":false
				},
				"/var/lib/mysql":{
					"Source":"/mydata/mysql/data",
					"Destination":"/var/lib/mysql",
					"RW":true,
					"Name":"",
					"Driver":"",
					"Type":"bind",
					"Propagation":"rprivate",
					"Spec":
					{
						"Type":"bind",
						"Source":"/mydata/mysql/data",
						"Target":"/var/lib/mysql"
					},
					"SkipMountpointCreation":false
				},
				"/var/log/mysql":{
					"Source":"/mydata/mysql/log",
					"Destination":"/var/log/mysql",
					"RW":true,
					"Name":"",
					"Driver":"",
					"Type":"bind",
					"Propagation":"rprivate",
					"Spec":
					{
						"Type":"bind",
						"Source":"/mydata/mysql/log",
						"Target":"/var/log/mysql"
					},
					"SkipMountpointCreation":false
				}
			},

	docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql \
	-v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql \
	-v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
	-v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql \
	-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
	-d mysql:5.7

3、启动docker服务

systemctl start docker.service

4、启动docker容器

docker start <container-name/ID>

方式二、三要重新run容器并添加映射，引用一下别人的文章。

docker-修改容器挂载目录的3种方法小结-脚本之家
docker-修改容器的挂载目录三种方式-CSDN