Docker常用命令总结
容器生命周期管理runstart/stop/restartdocker start：启动一个或则多个已经被停止的容器docker stop：停止一个运行的容器docker restart：重启容器killdocker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...][OPTIONS]：s :向容器发送一个信号[root@localhost ~]# docker run
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一、容器生命周期管理
1、run
2、start/stop/restart
docker start：启动一个或则多个已经被停止的容器
docker stop：停止一个运行的容器
docker restart：重启容器
3、kill
概述
杀掉一个运行中的容器
语法
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
[OPTIONS]
- -s :向容器发送一个信号
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --rm -it centos bash &
[1] 78366
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cad768f8f146 centos "bash" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds keen_khorana
fb11d2c47c17 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 4369/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5674->5672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15674->15672/tcp rabbit-node03
674dfe468431 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 4369/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5673->5672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15673->15672/tcp rabbit-node02
84a975d21f70 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 4369/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5672->5672/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15672->15672/tcp rabbit-node01
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill -s KILL keen_khorana
keen_khorana
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fb11d2c47c17 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 4369/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5674->5672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15674->15672/tcp rabbit-node03
674dfe468431 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 4369/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5673->5672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15673->15672/tcp rabbit-node02
84a975d21f70 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 4369/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5672->5672/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15672->15672/tcp rabbit-node01
[root@localhost ~]#
4、rm
概述
删除一个或多个容器。
语法
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
[OPTIONS]
- -f :通过 SIGKILL 信号强制删除一个运行中的容器。
- -l :移除容器间的网络连接，而非容器本身。
- -v :删除与容器关联的卷。
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name some-nginx -p 80:80 -v /some/content:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d nginx
83372e4a75d80ca7f68854fbd93792abdce2fa53cf838622ecafb9b48025f576
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f some-nginx
some-nginx
[root@localhost ~]#
docker rm -l db
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -v some-nginx
some-nginx
删除所有已经停止的容器（正在运行的容器时无法删除掉的）
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
ec7bf5e2ffd3
19fd9adb0fe3
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container fb11d2c47c17f20f7527370ba57b250c0d4452ca3aeffd418dc9f4d3951e38fe. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 674dfe46843113b660be824157193077e4cf8288069537fe2aeeaf6611e151de. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 84a975d21f70b5cd2460ff2582c4e55c1d3fd4a04b3dddc67fbecdbc85761967. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fb11d2c47c17 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 4369/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5674->5672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15674->15672/tcp rabbit-node03
674dfe468431 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 4369/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5673->5672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15673->15672/tcp rabbit-node02
84a975d21f70 rabbitmq "docker-entrypoint.s…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 4369/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5672->5672/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15691-15692/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15672->15672/tcp rabbit-node01
[root@localhost ~]#
5、pause/unpause
docker pause :暂停容器中所有的进程。
docker unpause :恢复容器中所有的进程。
docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pause some-nginx
some-nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker unpause some-nginx
some-nginx
[root@localhost ~]#
6、create
概述
创建一个新的容器但不启动它
语法
docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker create --name nginx2 nginx
ffe093a05cba28714eed412e51994676388694f2e2cd9cac86770c118d06a4a1
[root@localhost ~]#
7、exec
概述
在运行的容器中执行命令
语法
docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
[OPTIONS]
- -d :分离模式: 在后台运行
- -i :即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开
- -t :分配一个伪终端
examples
在容器 nginx2中以交互模式执行容器内pwd命令：
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx2 pwd
/
[root@localhost ~]#
在容器 mynginx 中开启一个交互模式的终端
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it nginx2 /bin/bash
root@ffe093a05cba:/#
二、容器操作
1、ps
2、inspect
概述
获取容器/镜像的元数据。
语法
docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
[OPTIONS]
- -f :指定返回值的模板文件。
- -s :显示总的文件大小。
- –type :为指定类型返回JSON。
examples
获取镜像nginx2的元信息。
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect nginx2
[
{
"Id": "ffe093a05cba28714eed412e51994676388694f2e2cd9cac86770c118d06a4a1",
"Created": "2021-04-07T20:01:44.838946485Z",
"Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 93887,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-04-07T20:04:44.212088395Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:519e12e2a84a9eb18094635ae1edfd97b26f95dbc66e317eefb657a1cb08c8dc",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ffe093a05cba28714eed412e51994676388694f2e2cd9cac86770c118d06a4a1/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ffe093a05cba28714eed412e51994676388694f2e2cd9cac86770c118d06a4a1/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ffe093a05cba28714eed412e51994676388694f2e2cd9cac86770c118d06a4a1/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ffe093a05cba28714eed412e51994676388694f2e2cd9cac86770c118d06a4a1/ffe093a05cba28714eed412e51994676388694f2e2cd9cac86770c118d06a4a1-json.log",
"Name": "/nginx2",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
.........略
3、top
概述
查看容器中运行的进程信息，支持 ps 命令参数。
语法
docker top [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
查看容器rabbit-node01的进程信息。
[root@localhost ~]# docker top rabbit-node01
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
polkitd 66934 66912 0 13:59 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /opt/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-server
polkitd 66983 66934 0 13:59 ? 00:01:20 /usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-11.2/bin/beam.smp -W w -MBas ageffcbf -MHas ageffcbf -MBlmbcs 512 -MHlmbcs 512 -MMmcs 30 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -stbt db -zdbbl 128000 -sbwt none -sbwtdcpu none -sbwtdio none -B i -- -root /usr/local/lib/erlang -progname erl -- -home /var/lib/rabbitmq -- -pa -noshell -noinput -s rabbit boot -boot start_sasl -lager crash_log false -lager handlers []
polkitd 66990 66983 0 13:59 ? 00:00:00 erl_child_setup 1048576
polkitd 67030 66934 0 13:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-11.2/bin/epmd -daemon
polkitd 67053 66990 0 13:59 ? 00:00:00 inet_gethost 4
polkitd 67054 67053 0 13:59 ? 00:00:00 inet_gethost 4
[root@localhost ~]#
4、attach
概述
连接到正在运行中的容器
官方文档释义
语法
docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull ubuntu
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
a70d879fa598: Pull complete
c4394a92d1f8: Pull complete
10e6159c56c0: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:3c9c713e0979e9bd6061ed52ac1e9e1f246c9495aa063619d9d695fb8039aa1f
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name topdemo ubuntu /usr/bin/top -b
81a6b69b63291809e8dcb69d2e290dc4b5aea36ce21cacc60bad26fb48be8b33
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach topdemo
top - 20:28:50 up 14:57, 0 users, load average: 6.51, 6.21, 5.89
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 36.9 us, 59.4 sy, 0.0 ni, 3.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 2124.3 total, 169.2 free, 806.9 used, 1148.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2176.0 total, 2174.2 free, 1.8 used. 1124.2 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 5960 1700 1280 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 top
top - 20:28:53 up 14:58, 0 users, load average: 6.47, 6.21, 5.89
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 33.5 us, 61.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 4.6 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 2124.3 total, 169.1 free, 806.9 used, 1148.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2176.0 total, 2174.2 free, 1.8 used. 1124.2 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 5960 1700 1280 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 top
top - 20:28:56 up 14:58, 0 users, load average: 6.47, 6.21, 5.89
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 35.0 us, 61.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 2.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 2124.3 total, 169.2 free, 806.9 used, 1148.2 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 2176.0 total, 2174.2 free, 1.8 used. 1124.2 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 5960 1700 1280 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 top^C
[root@localhost ~]#
5、events
概述
从服务器获取实时事件
官方文档释义
语法
docker events [OPTIONS]
[OPTIONS]
- -f ：根据条件过滤事件；
--since：从指定的时间戳后显示所有事件;--until：流水时间显示到指定的时间为止；
examples
shell 1：
[root@localhost ~]# docker events
shell 2：
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull alpine
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
ca3cd42a7c95: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ec14c7992a97fc11425907e908340c6c3d6ff602f5f13d899e6b7027c9b4133a
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker create --name test alpine:latest top
847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e
[root@localhost ~]# docker start test
test
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop test
test
[root@localhost ~]#
shell 1：
[root@localhost ~]# docker events
2021-04-07T16:42:27.074522525-04:00 image pull alpine:latest (name=alpine)
2021-04-07T16:42:43.448418877-04:00 container create 847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e (image=alpine:latest, name=test)
2021-04-07T16:42:55.540600638-04:00 network connect c45896dfb787b26d62a5a2d7a87040196a0c11e00c19ae02f95f96a3408d1c0f (container=847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e, name=bridge, type=bridge)
2021-04-07T16:42:56.464944078-04:00 container start 847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e (image=alpine:latest, name=test)
2021-04-07T16:43:01.627079846-04:00 container kill 847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e (image=alpine:latest, name=test, signal=15)
2021-04-07T16:43:01.685146953-04:00 container die 847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e (exitCode=143, image=alpine:latest, name=test)
2021-04-07T16:43:01.765151589-04:00 network disconnect c45896dfb787b26d62a5a2d7a87040196a0c11e00c19ae02f95f96a3408d1c0f (container=847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e, name=bridge, type=bridge)
2021-04-07T16:43:01.782004465-04:00 container stop 847fff8008327cb8f9d83667e028f253929476faa57ef68727d608df516b8f6e (image=alpine:latest, name=test)
^C
[root@localhost ~]#
6、logs
概述
获取容器的日志
语法
docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
[OPTIONS]
- -f : 跟踪日志输出
--since:显示某个开始时间的所有日志- -t : 显示时间戳
- –tail :仅列出最新N条容器日志
examples
跟踪rabbit-node01的最新5条日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f --tail 5 rabbit-node01
2021-04-07 17:59:28.257 [info] <0.590.0> Resetting node maintenance status
2021-04-07 17:59:38.519 [info] <0.520.0> node 'rabbit@rabbit-node02' up
2021-04-07 17:59:40.398 [info] <0.520.0> rabbit on node 'rabbit@rabbit-node02' up
2021-04-07 17:59:52.382 [info] <0.520.0> node 'rabbit@rabbit-node03' up
2021-04-07 17:59:54.873 [info] <0.520.0> rabbit on node 'rabbit@rabbit-node03' up
7、wait
概述
阻塞运行直到容器停止，然后打印出它的退出代码。
语法
docker wait [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker wait nginx2
0
[root@localhost ~]#
8、export
概述
将文件系统作为一个tar归档文件导出到STDOUT。
语法
docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
[OPTIONS]
- -o :将输入内容写到文件。
example
将容器nginx2的容器按日期保存为tar文件。
[root@localhost ~]# docker export -o nginx2-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar nginx2
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx2-20210407.tar
[root@localhost ~]#
9、port
概述
列出指定的容器的端口映射，或者查找将PRIVATE_PORT NAT到面向公众的端口。
语法
docker port [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker port rabbit-node01
5672/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5672
15672/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:15672
[root@localhost ~]#
三、容器rootfs
1、commit
概述
从容器创建一个新的镜像。
语法
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
[OPTIONS]
- -a :提交的镜像作者；
- -c :使用Dockerfile指令来创建镜像；
- -m :提交时的说明文字；
- -p :在commit时，将容器暂停。
examples
将容器fb11d2c47c17 保存为新的镜像,并添加提交人信息和说明信息。
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -a "energetic" -m "rabbit-commit" fb11d2c47c17 rabbit-node01:v1
sha256:66676217280e35bf520d745875fa209c0bf8c4568886ff7cd0c6db852646729a
[root@localhost ~]# docker images rabbit-node01:v1
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
rabbit-node01 v1 66676217280e 21 seconds ago 156MB
[root@localhost ~]#
2、cp
概述
用于容器与主机之间的数据拷贝
语法
docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH
[OPTIONS]
- -L :保持源目标中的链接
examples
将主机家目录下的test文件拷贝到容器fb11d2c47c17的根目录下
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp test fb11d2c47c17:/
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it fb11d2c47c17 bash
root@rabbit-node03:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt plugins proc root run sbin srv sys test tmp usr var
root@rabbit-node03:/#
将主机/www/directory目录拷贝到容器fb11d2c47c17中，目录重命名为www。
[root@localhost www]# docker cp /www/directory/ fb11d2c47c17:/www
[root@localhost www]# docker exec -it fb11d2c47c17 bash
root@rabbit-node03:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt plugins proc root run sbin srv sys test tmp usr var www
root@rabbit-node03:/# cd www/
root@rabbit-node03:/www# ls
directory index.html
root@rabbit-node03:/www#
将容器fb11d2c47c17的/www/index.html目录拷贝到主机的/opt目录中。
[root@localhost www]# docker cp fb11d2c47c17:/www/index.html /opt/
[root@localhost www]# ls /opt/
containerd index.html
[root@localhost www]#
3、diff
概述
检查容器里文件结构的更改。
语法
docker diff [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
查看容器rabbit-node01的文件结构更改
[root@localhost www]# docker diff rabbit-node01
C /etc
C /etc/rabbitmq
A /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf
C /etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins
C /var
C /var/log
C /var/log/rabbitmq
A /var/log/rabbitmq/log
A /var/log/rabbitmq/log/crash.log
[root@localhost www]#
四、镜像仓库
1、login
概述
docker login : 登陆到一个Docker镜像仓库，如果未指定镜像仓库地址，默认为官方仓库 Docker Hub
docker logout : 登出一个Docker镜像仓库，如果未指定镜像仓库地址，默认为官方仓库 Docker Hub
语法
[OPTIONS]
docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
docker logout [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
examples
登陆到Docker Hub
docker login -u 用户名 -p 密码
登出Docker Hub
docker logout
2、pull
概述
从镜像仓库中拉取或者更新指定镜像
语法
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
[OPTIONS]
- -a :拉取所有 tagged 镜像
--disable-content-trust:忽略镜像的校验,默认开启
examples
docker pull java
3、push
概述
将本地的镜像上传到镜像仓库,要先登陆到镜像仓库
语法
docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
[OPTIONS]
- –
disable-content-trust:忽略镜像的校验,默认开启
examples
上传本地镜像myapache:v1到镜像仓库中。
docker push myapache:v1
4、search
概述
从Docker Hub查找镜像
语法
docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
[OPTIONS]
--automated:只列出 automated build类型的镜像；--no-trunc:显示完整的镜像描述；- -f <过滤条件>:列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像。
examples
从 Docker Hub 查找所有镜像名包含 java，并且收藏数大于 20的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search -f stars=20 java
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
node Node.js is a JavaScript-based platform for s… 9917 [OK]
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 2991 [OK]
openjdk OpenJDK is an open-source implementation of … 2685 [OK]
java Java is a concurrent, class-based, and objec… 1976 [OK]
ghost Ghost is a free and open source blogging pla… 1345 [OK]
couchdb CouchDB is a database that uses JSON for doc… 398 [OK]
jetty Jetty provides a Web server and javax.servle… 357 [OK]
groovy Apache Groovy is a multi-faceted language fo… 105 [OK]
lwieske/java-8 Oracle Java 8 Container - Full + Slim - Base… 49 [OK]
fabric8/java-jboss-openjdk8-jdk Fabric8 Java Base Image (JBoss, OpenJDK 8) 29 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]#
参数说明：
- NAME: 镜像仓库源的名称
- DESCRIPTION: 镜像的描述
- OFFICIAL: 是否 docker 官方发布
- stars: 类似 Github 里面的 star，表示点赞、喜欢的意思
- AUTOMATED: 自动构建。
五、本地镜像管理
1、images
概述
列出本地镜像
语法
docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
[OPTIONS]
- -a :列出本地所有的镜像（含中间映像层，默认情况下，过滤掉中间映像层）；
--digests:显示镜像的摘要信息；- -f :显示满足条件的镜像；
--format:指定返回值的模板文件；--no-trunc:显示完整的镜像信息；- -q :只显示镜像ID。
examples
查看本地镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 519e12e2a84a Less than a second ago 133MB
rabbit-node01 v1 66676217280e About an hour ago 156MB
ubuntu latest 26b77e58432b 4 days ago 72.9MB
alpine latest 49f356fa4513 7 days ago 5.61MB
rabbitmq latest f83a0c22b15a 8 days ago 156MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 months ago 209MB
[root@localhost ~]#
列出本地镜像中REPOSITORY为ubuntu的镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# docker images ubuntu
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 26b77e58432b 4 days ago 72.9MB
[root@localhost ~]#
2、rmi
概述
删除本地一个或多少镜像。
语法
docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
[OPTIONS]
-
-f :强制删除；
-
--no-prune:不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除；
examples
删除本地镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi ubuntu
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:3c9c713e0979e9bd6061ed52ac1e9e1f246c9495aa063619d9d695fb8039aa1f
Deleted: sha256:26b77e58432b01665d7e876248c9056fa58bf4a7ab82576a024f5cf3dac146d6
Deleted: sha256:9de65d1e8b2782409b2420bf9347003a43e91bb65c1e4c8fbd7d098d6234f359
Deleted: sha256:e0f8e3acb2bf7fe9384463ae7009179d299b211e7cf17c2bf9d8e5e248cfe5b0
Deleted: sha256:0e64bafdc7ee828d0f3995bebfa388ced52a625ad2969eeb569f4a83db56d505
[root@localhost ~]#
3、tag
概述
标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库
语法
docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
将镜像ubuntu标记为ubuntu:v1镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag ubuntu ubuntu:v1
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 519e12e2a84a Less than a second ago 133MB
rabbit-node01 v1 66676217280e About an hour ago 156MB
ubuntu latest 26b77e58432b 4 days ago 72.9MB
ubuntu v1 26b77e58432b 4 days ago 72.9MB
alpine latest 49f356fa4513 7 days ago 5.61MB
rabbitmq latest f83a0c22b15a 8 days ago 156MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 months ago 209MB
[root@localhost ~]#
4、build
概述
命令用于使用 Dockerfile 创建镜像
语法
docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
[OPTIONS]
--build-arg=[]:设置镜像创建时的变量；--cpu-shares:设置 cpu 使用权重；--cpu-period:限制 CPU CFS周期；--cpu-quota:限制 CPU CFS配额；--cpuset-cpus:指定使用的CPU id；--cpuset-mems:指定使用的内存 id；--disable-content-trust:忽略校验，默认开启；- -f :指定要使用的Dockerfile路径；
--force-rm:设置镜像过程中删除中间容器；--isolation:使用容器隔离技术；--label=[] :设置镜像使用的元数据；- -m :设置内存最大值；
--memory-swap:设置Swap的最大值为内存+swap，"-1"表示不限swap；--no-cache:创建镜像的过程不使用缓存；--pull:尝试去更新镜像的新版本；--quiet, -q :安静模式，成功后只输出镜像 ID；--rm:设置镜像成功后删除中间容器；--shm-size:设置/dev/shm的大小，默认值是64M；--ulimit:Ulimit配置。--squash:将 Dockerfile 中所有的操作压缩为一层。--tag, -t: 镜像的名字及标签，通常 name:tag 或者 name 格式；可以在一次构建中为一个镜像设置多个标签。--network: 默认 default。在构建期间设置RUN指令的网络模式
examples
使用当前目录的 Dockerfile 创建镜像，标签为nginx:1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir Dockefile
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# cd Dockefile/
[root@localhost Dockefile]#
[root@localhost Dockefile]# vi dockerfile
FROM nginx
RUN echo 'this is a local image' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@localhost Dockefile]# docker build -t nginx:1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/2 : FROM nginx
---> 519e12e2a84a
Step 2/2 : RUN echo 'this is a local image' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
---> Running in eacb4006658d
Removing intermediate container eacb4006658d
---> e4a4a18962c3
Successfully built e4a4a18962c3
Successfully tagged nginx:1
[root@localhost Dockefile]#
也可以通过 -f Dockerfile 文件的位置：
[root@localhost ~]# docker build -f /opt/dockerfile .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 135.6MB
Step 1/2 : FROM nginx
---> 519e12e2a84a
Step 2/2 : RUN echo 'this is a local image' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
---> Using cache
---> e4a4a18962c3
Successfully built e4a4a18962c3
5、history
概述
查看指定镜像的创建历史
语法
docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
[OPTIONS]
- -H :以可读的格式打印镜像大小和日期，默认为true；
--no-trunc:显示完整的提交记录；- -q :仅列出提交记录ID。
examples
查看本地镜像nginx:1的创建历史
[root@localhost ~]# docker history nginx:1
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
e4a4a18962c3 25 minutes ago /bin/sh -c echo 'this is a local image' > /… 22B
519e12e2a84a Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entr… 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:09a214a3e07c919a… 4.61kB
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0fd5fca330dcd6a7… 1.04kB
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0b866ff3fc1ef5b0… 1.96kB
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:65504f71f5855ca0… 1.2kB
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system -… 63.8MB
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.5.3 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.19.9 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> Less than a second ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:c855b3c65f5ba94d5… 69.3MB
[root@localhost ~]#
6、save
概述
将指定镜像保存成 tar 归档文件
语法
docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
[OPTIONS]
- -o :输出到的文件。
examples
将镜像 nginx:1 生成 nginx_1.tar 文档
[root@localhost ~]# docker save -o nginx_1.tar nginx:1
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 266596
-rw-------. 1 root root 1220 Apr 7 08:48 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 7 20:16 Dockefile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 7 18:13 index.html
-rw-------. 1 root root 137383936 Apr 7 20:27 nginx_1.tar
-rw-------. 1 root root 135603712 Apr 7 17:07 nginx2-20210407.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 7 18:07 test
[root@localhost ~]#
7、load
概述
导入使用 docker save 命令导出的镜像
语法
docker load [OPTIONS]
[OPTIONS]
--input, -i : 指定导入的文件，代替 STDIN。--quiet, -q : 精简输出信息。
examples
导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker load --input nginx_1.tar
997e631f6fc3: Loading layer 4.096kB/4.096kB
Loaded image: nginx:1
[root@localhost ~]#
8、import
概述
从归档文件中创建镜像。
语法
docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
[OPTIONS]
- -c :应用docker 指令创建镜像；
- -m :提交时的说明文字；
examples
从镜像归档文件nginx_1.tar创建镜像，命名为nginx22
[root@localhost ~]# docker import nginx_1.tar nginx:22
sha256:bd8bbdbc0ffa3fa96ec1ab1ddee704e0a52a3cd734e4842bbca164cc11538e51
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 519e12e2a84a Less than a second ago 133MB
nginx 22 bd8bbdbc0ffa 11 seconds ago 137MB
nginx 1 e4a4a18962c3 2 hours ago 133MB
rabbit-node01 v1 66676217280e 4 hours ago 156MB
ubuntu latest 26b77e58432b 5 days ago 72.9MB
ubuntu v1 26b77e58432b 5 days ago 72.9MB
alpine latest 49f356fa4513 7 days ago 5.61MB
rabbitmq latest f83a0c22b15a 8 days ago 156MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 months ago 209MB
[root@localhost ~]#
六、info|version
1、info
概述
显示 Docker 系统信息，包括镜像和容器数
语法
docker info [OPTIONS]
[OPTIONS]
null
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
Server:
Containers: 6
Running: 3
Paused: 0
Stopped: 3
Images: 8
Server Version: 20.10.5
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e
runc version: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 2.075GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: KDWR:PTHT:DIIY:LPSG:4VPB:EMEW:4F74:NIZX:XZJO:AYYN:QVLE:7J23
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://sn4wsulj.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
[root@localhost ~]#
2、version
概述
显示 Docker 版本信息。
语法
docker version [OPTIONS]
[OPTIONS]
- -f :指定返回值的模板文件。
examples
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.5
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 55c4c88
Built: Tue Mar 2 20:33:55 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.5
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 363e9a8
Built: Tue Mar 2 20:32:17 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.4
GitCommit: 05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc93
GitCommit: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
[root@localhost ~]#
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