array是序列式容器，类似于C语言的数组，是固定大小的，一旦定义完成后就无法进行扩容或收缩。

array的模板类声明

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template<class T, size_t N> class array;

array模板类的使用

1.迭代器遍历

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#include<iostream>
#include<array>

int main()
{
	std::array<int, 4> arr = { 1, 3, 2, 4 };
	std::cout << "arr values:" << std::endl;
	for (auto it = arr.begin(); it != arr.end(); it++) {
		std::cout << *it << " ";
	}
	std::cout << std::endl;
	std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

2.array大小

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#include<iostream>
#include<array>

int main()
{
	std::array<int, 4> arr = { 1, 3, 2, 4 };
	std::cout << "sizeof(arr) = " << sizeof(arr) << std::endl;
	std::cout << "size of arr = " << arr.size() << std::endl;
	std::cout << "max size arr = " << arr.max_size() << std::endl;
	std::cout << "empty = " << (arr.empty() ? "no" : "yes") << std::endl;
	std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

3.array元素操作

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#include<iostream>
#include<array>

int main()
{
	std::array<int, 4> arr = {};
	for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++)
	{
		arr.at(i) = i;
	}
	for (auto it = arr.begin(); it != arr.end(); it++)
	{
		std::cout << *it << " " ;
	}
	std::cout << std::endl;
	std::cout << arr.data() << std::endl;
	std::array<int, 4> arr1 = { 4, 5, 6,7 };
	arr1.swap(arr);
	for (auto it = arr.begin(); it != arr.end(); it++)
	{
		std::cout << *it << " ";
	}
	std::cout << std::endl;
	arr.fill(1);
	for (auto it = arr.begin(); it != arr.end(); it++)
	{
		std::cout << *it << " ";
	}
	std::cout << std::endl;
	std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

4.利用array构建多维数组

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#include<iostream>
#include<array>

int main()
{
	std::array <std::array <int, 4>, 5> arr = {};
	arr.fill({ 1, 2,3,4 });
	std::cout << arr.size() << std::endl;
	std::cout << arr[0].size() << std::endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < arr[0].size(); j++) {
			std::cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
		}
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}
	std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}