转自：https://blog.csdn.net/ittechnologyhome/article/details/73824784，侵删

一微服务架构概述

1.1 微服务特性以及优点

• 每个服务可以独立运行在自己的进程里
• 一系列独立运行的微服务(goods,order,pay,user,search…)共同构建了整个系统
• 每个服务为独立的业务开发，一个微服务只关注某个特定的功能，例如用户管理，商品管理微服务
• 微服务之间通过一些轻量级的通信机制进行通讯，例如通过Restful API进行调用
• 技术栈不受限:可以使用不同的开发语言和数据存储技术
• 全自动的部署机制
• 按需伸缩:根据需求和应用场景，实现细粒度的水平扩展

1.2 微服务带来的挑战

• 运维要求较高
• 分布式的复杂性
• 接口调整成本较高

1.3 微服务设计原则

• 单一职责原则
• 服务自治原则
• 轻量级通讯机制
• 微服务粒度

1.4 微服务开发框架

• SpringCloud:众多组件构造完善的分布式系统
• Dubbo/Dubbox:关注服务治理
• Dropwizard:关注单个微服务开发

二 SpringCloud概述与开发环境

2.1 SpringCloud概述

SpringCloud是基于SpringBoot之上的用来快速构建微服务系统的工具集，拥有功能完善的轻量级微服务组件，例如服务治理(Eureka),声明式REST调用(Feign),客户端负载均衡(Ribbon),服务容错(Hystrix),服务网关(Zuul)以及服务配置(Spring Cloud Config),服务跟踪(Sleuth)等等。

官网链接:http://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/ 
目前主流的版本为SpringBoot1.4.5.RELEAE和SpringCloudCamden.SR7, 
Maven pom配置如下：

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Camden.SR7</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId></groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId></groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.2 开发环境

MacOS10.12+JDK8u131+IntelliJ IDEA2017.1.4

Tomcat8.5+Maven3.3.9+Git2.12+Firefox54

Spring4.3.9.RELEASE+SpringBoot1.4.5.RELEASE+SpringCloud Camden.SR7

三 工程机器模块说明

3.1 工程说明

工程首先自定义了Maven父工程,其中定义如下的公共组件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <!-- 自定义工程的maven坐标-->
    <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
   <version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <!-- 基于SpringBoot 1.4.5.RELEASE-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>


    <!-- 定义引用类库版本 -->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Camden.SR7</spring-cloud.version>
        <springcloud-parent.version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</springcloud-parent.version>

        <druid.version>1.0.31</druid.version>
        <jackson.version>2.8.8</jackson.version>
        <commons-lang3.version>3.5</commons-lang3.version>
        <ehcache.version>3.1.4</ehcache.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.12.Final</hibernate.version>
        <servlet-api.version>3.1.0</servlet-api.version>
        <commons-collection4.version>4.1</commons-collection4.version>

        <springframework.oxm.version>4.3.9.RELEASE</springframework.oxm.version>
    </properties>


    <!-- 引入SpringCloud微服务常用组件-->
    <modules>
        <module>springcloud-eureka-server</module>
        <module>springcloud-eureka-server-ha</module>
        <module>springcloud-provider-user-service</module>
        <module>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</module>
        <module>springcloud-consumer-h5-feign</module>
        <module>springcloud-api-gateway</module>
        <module>springcloud-consumer-h5</module>
        <module>springcloud-config-server</module>
    </modules>



    <dependencies>

        <!-- 服务发现组件-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 应用监控-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 应用测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>${druid.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>${jackson.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
            <version>${commons-collection4.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>${ehcache.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.oxm.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

3.2 模块说明

模块则借助IntelliJ IDEA结合Spring Initializer自动生成工程结构,主要模块和说明如下:

模块名称	模块说明	访问地址
springcloud-eureka-server	分布式服务注册中心(单点)	http://127.0.0.1:9999
springcloud-eureka-server-ha	分布式服务注册中心(高可用版本)	http://127.0.0.1:9998 http://127.0.0.1:9997
springcloud-provider-user-service	用户服务提供者	http://127.0.0.1:9996/list http://127.0.0.1:9995/list
springcloud-consumer-h5	用户服务调用者,采用原始的RestTemplate调用	http://127.0.0.1:9991/user/get/4
springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix	用户服务调用者，采用ribbon做客户端负载均衡	http://127.0.0.1:9994/springcloud-provider-user-service
springcloud-consumer-h5-feign	feign声明式服务调用者	http://127.0.0.1:9993/list
springcloud-gateway	网关服务	http://127.0.0.1:9992/api-a/list
springcloud-config-server	配置中心	待定

四 使用SpringBoot实现服务提供者

所属maven模块:springcloud-provider-user-service 
基于SpringBoot的Web和JPA模块实现Restful API的常用方法

4.1 entity

主要包含User,Role,Department三个实体

Role.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Role Entity
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午2:36
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "springboot_role")
public class Role  implements Serializable{


    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "role_id")
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "role_name")
    private String name;


    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder(this)
                .append("id", id)
                .append("name", name)
                .toString();
    }
}

Department.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Department Entity
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午2:31
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "springboot_department")
@org.hibernate.annotations.Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.NONSTRICT_READ_WRITE)
public class Department implements Serializable {


    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "department_id")
    private Long id;


    @Column(name = "department_name")
    private String name;


    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new ToStringBuilder(this)
                .append("id", id)
                .append("name", name)
                .toString();
    }
}

User.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonBackReference;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Entity
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午2:32
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "springboot_user")
public class User  implements Serializable{

    @Id
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "user_name")
    private String name;


    @Column(name = "user_password")
    private String password;


    @Column(name = "user_create_date")
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    private Date createDate;


    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "department_id")
    @JsonBackReference
    private Department department;



    @ManyToMany(cascade = {},fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinTable(name = "springboot_user_role",joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name="user_id")},
                inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "role_id")}
    )
    private List<Role> roleList;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Date getCreateDate() {
        return createDate;
    }

    public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
        this.createDate = createDate;
    }

    public Department getDepartment() {
        return department;
    }

    public void setDepartment(Department department) {
        this.department = department;
    }

    public List<Role> getRoleList() {
        return roleList;
    }

    public void setRoleList(List<Role> roleList) {
        this.roleList = roleList;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new ToStringBuilder(this)
                .append("id", id)
                .append("name", name)
                .append("password", password)
                .append("createDate", createDate)
                .append("department", department)
                .append("roleList", roleList)
                .toString();
    }
}

4.2 数据访问Repository

主要包含UserRepository和DepartmentRepository

DepartmentRepository.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository;

import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * Created by tony on 2017/6/19.
 */
@Repository
public interface DepartmentRepository extends JpaRepository<Department,Long> {
}

UserRepoistory.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository;

import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Repository
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午2:54
 */
@Repository
public interface UserRepository  extends JpaRepository<User,Long>{


    /**
     *  and
     * @param id
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    User findByIdAndName(Long id, String name);


    User findByNameAndPassword(String name, String password);

    /**
     *  or
     * @param id
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    User findByIdOrName(Long id, String name);


    /**
     * between
     * @param start
     * @param end
     * @return
     */
    List<User> findByCreateDateBetween(Date start, Date end);


    /**
     * lessThan
     * @param start
     * @return
     */
    List<User> getByCreateDateLessThan(Date start);

    /**
     * Greater Than
     * @param start
     * @return
     */
    List<User> findByCreateDateGreaterThan(Date start);


    /**
     * is null
     * @return
     */
    List<User> findByNameIsNull();


    /**
     * in
     * @param nameList
     * @return
     */
    List<User> findByNameIn(Collection<String> nameList);

}

4.3 业务逻辑Service

主要包含UserService,DepartmentService及其实现

UserService.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service;


import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by tony on 2017/6/19.
 */
public interface UserService {


    /**
     * 登录
     * @param name
     * @param password
     * @return
     */
    public User login(String name, String password);


    /**
     * 注册
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    public User register(User user);


    /**
     * 注销
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    void writeOff(User user);

    /**
     * 当前用户是否已经存在
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    boolean isExists(User user);

     List<User> getAllUser();

     User getUserById(Long id);

}

UserServiceImpl.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.impl;


import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository.UserRepository;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Service Impl
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午3:34
 */
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {



    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;


    @Override
    public User login(String name, String password) {
        return userRepository.findByNameAndPassword(name,password);
    }

    @Override
    public User register(User user) {
        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    @Override
    public void writeOff(User user) {
         userRepository.delete(user);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isExists(User user) {
        return userRepository.findOne(user.getId())!=null?true:false;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> getAllUser() {
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public User getUserById(Long id) {
        return userRepository.findOne(id);
    }
}

DepartmentService.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service;


import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;

/**
 * Created by tony on 2017/6/19.
 */
public interface DepartmentService {

     Department saveDepartment(Department department);

     Department getDepartmentById(Long id);
}

DepartmentServiceImpl.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.impl;


import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository.DepartmentRepository;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.DepartmentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;

/**
 * Department Impl
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午3:12
 */
@Transactional
@Service
public class DepartmentImpl implements DepartmentService {


    @Autowired
    private DepartmentRepository departmentRepository;


    @Override
    public Department saveDepartment(Department department) {
        return departmentRepository.save(department);
    }

    @Override
    public Department getDepartmentById(Long id) {
        return departmentRepository.findOne(id);
    }
}

4.4 Controller层

主要包含提供User完整的Restful API 的UserController

UserController.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;

import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.UserService;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * UserController
 * Restful API
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午11:24
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {



    private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);


    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;


    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;


    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
   public List<User> list(){

        ServiceInstance instance=discoveryClient.getLocalServiceInstance();
        LOGGER.info("call user/list service  host is  "+instance.getHost()+"service_id is "+instance.getServiceId());
        return userService.getAllUser();
   }

   @GetMapping(value = "/login")
   public User login( @RequestParam String name,@RequestParam String password){

       User user=userService.login(name,password);
       return user;
   }

   @PostMapping("/register")
   public String register(@ModelAttribute User user){
       User result =userService.register(user);
       return result!=null?"success":"fail";
   }

   @GetMapping("/get/{id}")
   public User get(@PathVariable Long id){

       return userService.getUserById(id);
   }

   @PutMapping("/update/{id}")
   public String update(@PathVariable Long id,@ModelAttribute User user){

       User updatedUser =userService.getUserById(id);
       updatedUser.setName(user.getName());
       updatedUser.setPassword(user.getPassword());
       updatedUser.setCreateDate(new Date());
       User result= userService.register(updatedUser);
       return result!=null?"success":"fail";

   }


   @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
   public String delete(@PathVariable Long id){

       User user =new User();
       user.setId(id);
       userService.writeOff(user);

       return "success";
   }


}

4.5 Configuration

主要包含数据源Druid和JPA的配置

DruidConfiguation.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;

import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

/**
 * Druid Configuration
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午5:48
 */
public class DruidConfiguration {
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServle(){
        ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(),"/druid/*");
        //白名单：
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("allow","192.168.1.218,127.0.0.1");
        //IP黑名单 (存在共同时，deny优先于allow) : 如果满足deny的即提示:Sorry, you are not permitted to view this page.
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("deny","192.168.1.100");
        //登录查看信息的账号密码.
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername","druid");
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword","12345678");
        //是否能够重置数据.
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("resetEnable","false");
        return servletRegistrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean statFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(new WebStatFilter());
        //添加过滤规则.
        filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        //添加不需要忽略的格式信息.
        filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions","*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
        return filterRegistrationBean;
    }
}

JPAPersistenceConfiguration

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * JPA Persistence Configuration
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-上午11:26
 */
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement(proxyTargetClass = true) //启用JPA的事务管理
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository" )//启用JPA资源库并指定资源库接口位置
@EntityScan(basePackages = "com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity")//指定实体的位置
public class JPAPersistenceConfiguration {



    private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JPAPersistenceConfiguration.class);


    /*******************数据库和连接池配置信息,读取application.properties文件的属性值****************************/
    @Value("${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}")
    private String driverClass;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
    private String userName;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
    private String password;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.initialSize}")
    private int initialSize;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.minIdle}")
    private int minIdle;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.maxActive}")
    private int maxActive;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.maxWait}")
    private long maxWait;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}")
    private long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}")
    private long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;


    @Value("${spring.datasource.filters}")
    private String filters;


    @Value("${spring.datasource.connectionProperties}")
    private String connectionProperties;


    @Bean(name = "druidDataSource",initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "close")
    public DataSource dataSource(){
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource =new DruidDataSource();
        druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClass);
        druidDataSource.setUsername(userName);
        druidDataSource.setPassword(password);
        druidDataSource.setUrl(url);

        druidDataSource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
        druidDataSource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
        druidDataSource.setMaxActive(maxActive);
        druidDataSource.setMaxWait(maxWait);
        druidDataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
        druidDataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
        druidDataSource.setConnectionProperties(connectionProperties);
        try {
            druidDataSource.setFilters(filters);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            LOGGER.error("build datasoure exception ",e.getMessage());
        }

        return druidDataSource;
    }



    @Bean(name = "entityManagerFactory")
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource druidDataSource){
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean =new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(druidDataSource);
        localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity");
        localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(buildHibernateProperties());
        localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaDialect(new HibernateJpaDialect());
        localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter(){
            {
                setDatabase(org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.Database.MYSQL);
                setDatabasePlatform("org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");
            }
        });
        return localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
    }


    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource druidDataSource, EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory){
        JpaTransactionManager jpaTransactionManager=new JpaTransactionManager();
        jpaTransactionManager.setDataSource(druidDataSource);
        jpaTransactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory);
        return jpaTransactionManager;
    }

    @Bean
    PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor(){
        return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();
    }



    protected Properties buildHibernateProperties(){
        Properties hibernateProperties =new Properties();
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto","update");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "false");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.use_sql_comments", "false");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.generate_statistics", "false");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.validation.mode", "none");
        //Audit History flags
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("org.hibernate.envers.store_data_at_delete", "true");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("org.hibernate.envers.global_with_modified_flag", "true");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache", "true");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.cache.region.factory_class", "org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.cache.use_query_cache", "true");


        return hibernateProperties;
    }

}

4.6 应用配置

主要包含springboot的application.properties,logback的logback-spring.xml以及缓存框架的ehcache.xml

application.propeties

##DataSource Config
##\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4fe1\u606f\u914d\u7f6e
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/springboot?characterEncoding=utf-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=guanglei
# \u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u8865\u5145\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4e2d
# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u6700\u5927
spring.datasource.initialSize=5
spring.datasource.minIdle=5
spring.datasource.maxActive=20
# \u914d\u7f6e\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4
spring.datasource.maxWait=60000
# \u914d\u7f6e\u95f4\u9694\u591a\u4e45\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6beb\u79d2
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
# \u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u6c60\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6beb\u79d2
spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=false
spring.datasource.testOnReturn=false
# \u6253\u5f00PSCache\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0aPSCache\u7684\u5927\u5c0f
spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20
# \u914d\u7f6e\u76d1\u63a7\u7edf\u8ba1\u62e6\u622a\u7684filters\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u540e\u76d1\u63a7\u754c\u9762sql\u65e0\u6cd5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c'wall'\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u706b\u5899
spring.datasource.filters=stat,wall,log4j
# \u901a\u8fc7connectProperties\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u6253\u5f00mergeSql\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u6162SQL\u8bb0\u5f55
spring.datasource.connectionProperties=druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000

# \u5408\u5e76\u591a\u4e2aDruidDataSource\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e
#spring.datasource.useGlobalDataSourceStat=true

# druid \u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740 http://host:port/druid/index.html

##Log Config
logging.config=classpath:logback-spring.xml

## SpringData JPA Config
spring.jpa.database=mysql
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true

server.port=9996

ehcache.xml

<ehcache>

    <!-- Sets the path to the directory where cache .data files are created.

         If the path is a Java System Property it is replaced by
         its value in the running VM.

         The following properties are translated:
         user.home - User's home directory
         user.dir - User's current working directory
         java.io.tmpdir - Default temp file path -->
    <!--
        指定一个目录：当 EHCache 把数据写到硬盘上时, 将把数据写到这个目录下.
    -->
    <diskStore path="tempDirectory"/>


    <!--Default Cache configuration. These will applied to caches programmatically created through
        the CacheManager.

        The following attributes are required for defaultCache:

        maxInMemory       - Sets the maximum number of objects that will be created in memory
        eternal           - Sets whether elements are eternal. If eternal,  timeouts are ignored and the element
                            is never expired.
        timeToIdleSeconds - Sets the time to idle for an element before it expires. Is only used
                            if the element is not eternal. Idle time is now - last accessed time
        timeToLiveSeconds - Sets the time to live for an element before it expires. Is only used
                            if the element is not eternal. TTL is now - creation time
        overflowToDisk    - Sets whether elements can overflow to disk when the in-memory cache
                            has reached the maxInMemory limit.

        -->
    <!--
        设置缓存的默认数据过期策略
    -->
    <defaultCache
            maxElementsInMemory="10000"
            eternal="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="120"
            timeToLiveSeconds="120"
            overflowToDisk="true"
    />

    <!--
        设定具体的命名缓存的数据过期策略。每个命名缓存代表一个缓存区域
        缓存区域(region)：一个具有名称的缓存块，可以给每一个缓存块设置不同的缓存策略。
        如果没有设置任何的缓存区域，则所有被缓存的对象，都将使用默认的缓存策略。即：<defaultCache.../>
        Hibernate 在不同的缓存区域保存不同的类/集合。
         对于类而言，区域的名称是类名。如:com.ekeyfund.springboot.jpa.entity.User
         对于集合而言，区域的名称是类名加属性名。如com.ekeyfund.springboot.jpa.entity.User.roleList
    -->
    <!--
        name: 设置缓存的名字,它的取值为类的全限定名或类的集合的名字
     maxElementsInMemory: 设置基于内存的缓存中可存放的对象最大数目

     eternal: 设置对象是否为永久的, true表示永不过期,
     此时将忽略timeToIdleSeconds 和 timeToLiveSeconds属性; 默认值是false
     timeToIdleSeconds:设置对象空闲最长时间,以秒为单位, 超过这个时间,对象过期。
     当对象过期时,EHCache会把它从缓存中清除。如果此值为0,表示对象可以无限期地处于空闲状态。
     timeToLiveSeconds:设置对象生存最长时间,超过这个时间,对象过期。
     如果此值为0,表示对象可以无限期地存在于缓存中. 该属性值必须大于或等于 timeToIdleSeconds 属性值

     overflowToDisk:设置基于内存的缓存中的对象数目达到上限后,是否把溢出的对象写到基于硬盘的缓存中
    -->
    <cache name="com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department"
           maxElementsInMemory="1"
           eternal="false"
           timeToIdleSeconds="300"
           timeToLiveSeconds="600"
           overflowToDisk="true"
    />

    <cache name="com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User"
           maxElementsInMemory="1000"
           eternal="true"
           timeToIdleSeconds="0"
           timeToLiveSeconds="0"
           overflowToDisk="false"
    />

    <cache name="com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Role"
           maxElementsInMemory="1000"
           eternal="true"
           timeToIdleSeconds="0"
           timeToLiveSeconds="0"
           overflowToDisk="false"
    />

</ehcache>

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <!--<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/base.xml"/>-->
    <!-- 项目的appid -->
    <property name="APP_ID" value="SpringCloud-Provider-User-Service"/>
    <property name="LOG_PATH" value="logs"></property>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg %n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <appender name="FILE_LOG"
              class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
        </filter>
        <file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip
            </fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>10</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <appender name="FILE_DEBUG"
              class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_debug.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_debug.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip
            </fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>10</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <appender name="FILE_INFO"
              class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>INFO</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_info.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_info.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip
            </fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>10</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <appender name="FILE_WARN"
              class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>WARN</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_warn.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_warn.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip
            </fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>10</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <appender name="FILE_ERROR"
              class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_error.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_error.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip
            </fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>10</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>


    <appender name="ASYNC_LOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 -->
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 -->
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_LOG"/>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ASYNC_LOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 -->
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 -->
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_LOG"/>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ASYNC_LOG_DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 -->
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 -->
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_DEBUG"/>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ASYNC_LOG_INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 -->
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 -->
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_INFO"/>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ASYNC_LOG_WARN" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 -->
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 -->
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_WARN"/>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ASYNC_LOG_ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 -->
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 -->
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_ERROR"/>
    </appender>
    <root level="INFO">
        <!-- appender referenced after it is defined -->
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_DEBUG"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_INFO"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_WARN"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_ERROR"/>
    </root>
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/>
</configuration>

4.7 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-provider-user-service</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>springcloud-user-service</name>
    <description>SpringCloud User Service Application</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication</start-class>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>



    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                    <layout>ZIP</layout>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

4.8 启动类

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

//@EnableDiscoveryClient//激活Eureka中的DiscoveryClient实现(自动化配置,创建DiscoveryClient接口针对Eureka客户端的EurekaDiscoveryClient实例)
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4.9 测试用例

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.DepartmentService;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.Date;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@ComponentScan("com.ekeyfund.springcloud")
public class SpringcloudUserServiceApplicationTests {


    private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringcloudUserServiceApplicationTests.class);


    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }



    @Autowired
    private DepartmentService departmentService;


    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;


    @Test
    public void testDepartmentService(){

        Department department=new Department();
        department.setName("dev");
        Department result =departmentService.saveDepartment(department);

        LOGGER.info("add result "+result);


        Long id =1L;
        result =departmentService.getDepartmentById(id);
        LOGGER.info("get department "+result);
    }


    @Test
    public void testUserRegister()throws Exception{
        User user =new User();
        user.setName("tony");
        user.setPassword("666666");
        user.setCreateDate(new Date());
        Department department=departmentService.getDepartmentById(1L);
        user.setDepartment(department);
        User result =userService.register(user);
        LOGGER.info("register result "+result);

    }


    @Test
    public void testWriteOff()throws Exception{
        User user =new User();
        user.setName("tony");
        user.setPassword("666666");
        userService.writeOff(user);

    }



    @Test
    public void testUserLogin()throws Exception{
        User user =new User();
        user.setName("tony");
        user.setPassword("666666");
        User result =userService.login(user.getName(),user.getPassword());
        LOGGER.info("login  "+result);

    }

    @Test
    public void testUserIsExist()throws Exception{

        User user =new User();
        user.setId(4L);
        boolean result =userService.isExists(user);
        LOGGER.info("isExist  "+result);

    }

}

五 使用SpringBoot实现服务消费者

所属maven模块:springcloud-consumer-h5

5.1 entity

主要包含User,Department,Role 
Role.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;

/**
 * Role Entity
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午2:36
 */

public class Role {



    private Long id;

    private String name;


    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder(this)
                .append("id", id)
                .append("name", name)
                .toString();
    }
}

Department.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;

/**
 * Department Entity
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午2:31
 */

public class Department {



    private Long id;


    private String name;


    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new ToStringBuilder(this)
                .append("id", id)
                .append("name", name)
                .toString();
    }
}

User.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonBackReference;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Entity
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午2:32
 */

public class User {


    private Long id;

    private String name;


    private String password;


    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    private Date createDate;



    @JsonBackReference
    private Department department;




    private List<Role> roleList;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Date getCreateDate() {
        return createDate;
    }

    public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
        this.createDate = createDate;
    }

    public Department getDepartment() {
        return department;
    }

    public void setDepartment(Department department) {
        this.department = department;
    }

    public List<Role> getRoleList() {
        return roleList;
    }

    public void setRoleList(List<Role> roleList) {
        this.roleList = roleList;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new ToStringBuilder(this)
                .append("id", id)
                .append("name", name)
                .append("password", password)
                .append("createDate", createDate)
                .append("department", department)
                .append("roleList", roleList)
                .toString();
    }
}

5.2 Configuraiton

主要包含Spring MVC相关配置

MVCConfiguration.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class MVCConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{




        /**
         * 
         * @return
         */
        @Bean
        public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter(){
          RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter=new RequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
          List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters =new ArrayList<>();
          messageConverters.add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
          requestMappingHandlerAdapter.setMessageConverters(messageConverters);
          return requestMappingHandlerAdapter;
      }




        //@Bean
        public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(){
            MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter =new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
            List<MediaType> supportedMediaTypes =new ArrayList<>();
            supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
            mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.setSupportedMediaTypes(supportedMediaTypes);
            return  mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
        }


        @Bean
        public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
            RestTemplate restTemplate =new RestTemplate();

            return restTemplate;
        }


}

5.3 Controller

主要包含UserController

UserController.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;

import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * UserController
 *
 * @author tony 18601767221@163.com
 * @create 2017-06-27-下午11:42
 * @see
 * @since JDK1.8u133
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {


    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("user/get/{id}")
    public User get(@PathVariable Long id){

        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://127.0.0.1:9996/get/{1}",User.class,id);
    }

}

5.4 应用配置

主要包含springboot的application.properties

application.properties

server.port=9991
server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

5.5 启动类

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudConsumerH5Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudConsumerH5Application.class, args);
    }
}

5.6 测试服务调用

9991端口的服务消费者会调用9996端口的服务提供者接口。 
通常在实际的开发中会遇到类似的情景:例如PC/H5/Android/IOS会去调用User模块的登录服务。

弊端:因为程序调用的IP和端口采用了硬编码，而IP和端口可能变更,因此难以维护。 
而当服务提供者宕机后服务会不可用，后面会在系统中引入服务注册、发现组件，该组件主要是维护了一个服务注册表，服务提供者和消费者将服务注册到该注册表中，而服务注册和发现组件会通过发送心跳来判断服务是否可用。

六 使用Eureka实现服务发现组件

所属maven模块:springcloud-eureka-server

1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-eureka-server</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-eureka-server</name>
    <description>SpringCloud Eureka Server </description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>

    </parent>



    <properties>
        <start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication</start-class>
    </properties>



</project>

2 编写启动类，在启动类上添加@EnableEurekaServer注解，声明这是一个Eureka Server

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

/**
 * 单点eureka server
 */
@EnableEurekaServer //启用Eureka Server
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3 在应用配置文件application.properties添加如下内容:

spring.application.name=springcloud-cureka-server
server.port=9999
eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
#定义注册中心的地址
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

#不向注册中心注册自己
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
#注册中心的职责就是去维护服务实例，不需要去检索服务
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false

eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

4 测试访问Eureka Server

运行SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication,在浏览器输入 http://127.0.0.1:9999即可以访问Eureka Server

七 服务注册

所属maven模块 springcloud-provider-user-service

1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-provider-user-service</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>springcloud-user-service</name>
    <description>SpringCloud User Service Application</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication</start-class>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- eureka client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                    <layout>ZIP</layout>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2 在application.properties文件中添加以下配置:

#####Eureka Client Config#######

#设置服务名称
spring.application.name=springcloud-provider-user-service
#eureka 单实例配置
#eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://127.0.0.1:9999/eureka
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

其中spring.application.name是指定注册到Eureka Server上的应用名称 
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address表示将自己的IP注册到Eureka Server

3 编写启动类，在启动类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解，声明这是一个Eureka Client

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@EnableDiscoveryClient//激活Eureka中的DiscoveryClient实现(自动化配置,创建DiscoveryClient接口针对Eureka客户端的EurekaDiscoveryClient实例)
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudUserServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4 测试服务注册 
首先运行SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication，启动Eureka Server,然后启动SpringcloudUserServiceApplication,启动Eureka Client。 
访问Eureka Server,效果如下图: 

八 Eureka Server 高可用实现

在生产环境中，如果Eureka Server所在的机器发生宕机，那么服务发现组件将会变得不可用，因此需要实现高可用。Eureka Server可以通过运行多个实例并相互注册的方式实现高可用部署，实例之间会彼此增量同步信息，从而保持所有节点的数据一致。

所属maven模块springcloud-eureka-server-ha

该模块使用了springboot的多环境配置特性来激活两个Eureka Server,因此准备了application.properties,application-master.properties和application-slave.properties三个配置文件

application.properties

spring.profiles.active=master
##使用ip地址的形式定义注册中心的地址
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
#禁用自我保护模式
#eureka.server.enable-self-preservation=false

###eureka server 启用安全验证
#security.user.name=tony
#security.user.password=666666
#security.basic.enabled=true

##服务续约任务的调用间隔时间默认为30s
#eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=3
###定义服务失效的时间默认是90s
#eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=540

application-master.properties

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9998

eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:9997/eureka/

application-slave.properties

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9997

eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:9998/eureka/

同时准备两个启动类用来启动两个Eureka Server

SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

分别运行SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication和SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication后会发现两个注册中心已经完成相互注册

9998端口的Eureka Server 

9997端口的Eureka Server 

所属maven模块 springcloud-provider-user-service

服务提供者的服务注册只需要改变application.properties的注册地址即可

#####Eureka Client Config#######

#设置服务名称
spring.application.name=springcloud-provider-user-service
#指定服务注册中心的地址 ###高可用改造后可以加上多个注册中心的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://127.0.0.1:9998/eureka/,http://127.0.0.1:9997/eureka/

eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

#####Eureka Client Config#######

#指定服务提供者的端口
server.port=9996

刷新Eureka Server,查看高可用的Eureka Server

user服务同时注册在两个Eureka Server

九 Eureka Server实现安全验证

默认情况下Eureka Server允许匿名访问，这里创建一个需要登录后才能访问Eureka Server

在pom.xml中添加安全依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

然后在application.properties中添加http basic验证配置

##eureka server 启用安全验证
security.user.name=tony
security.user.password=666666
security.basic.enabled=true

运行SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication或者SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServerApplication后，访问Eureka Server需要提供用户名和密码才能访问 

将服务注册到需要认证的Eureka Server,只需要将eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone配置为http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9998/eureka/,http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9997/eureka/即可

例如 高可用Eureka Server的注册地址变更为

master

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9998

eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://tony:666666@${eureka.instance.hostname}:9997/eureka/

slave

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9997

eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://tony:666666@${eureka.instance.hostname}:9998/eureka/

十 使用Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡

所属maven模块:springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,有助于控制HTTP和TCP客户端的行为，为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址列表后，Ribbon可以基于负载均衡算法(例如轮询、随机)自动的帮助消费者去请求。 
在SpringCloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。

10.1 为服务消费者整合Ribbon

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</name>
    <description>Spring Cloud H5 Appliaction</description>


    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>

    </parent>

    <properties>
        <start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication</start-class>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.8</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                    <layout>ZIP</layout>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

MVCConfiguration.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * MVCConfiguration
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午1:01
 */
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class MVCConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{




    @Bean
    public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(){

        return new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
    }


    @Bean
    public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter){
        RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter=new RequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
        List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters=new ArrayList<>();
        messageConverters.add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter);
        requestMappingHandlerAdapter.setMessageConverters(messageConverters);
        return requestMappingHandlerAdapter;
    }


    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced//开启客户端负载均衡
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){

     return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

相比之前的配置主要是在RestTemplate中添加了@LoadBalanced注解即可整合Ribbon实现客户端的负载均衡。

UserController.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Controller
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com
 * @create 2017-06-上午12:55
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {



    private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;




    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;


    @GetMapping("/login")
    public User login(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String password){

        LOGGER.info("call user service login method");
        ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity =this.restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/login?name={1},password={2}",User.class,name,password);

        return responseEntity.getBody();
    }



    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<User> list(){
        User[] users=this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/list",User[].class);
        List<User> userList = Arrays.asList(users);
        return userList;

    }




    @GetMapping("user/get/{id}")
    public User get(@PathVariable Long id){

        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/get/id={1}",User.class,id);
    }


    /**
     * ribbon负载均衡测试方法
     */
    @GetMapping("/log-user-service-instance")
    public void logUserServiceInstance(){

        ServiceInstance serviceInstance=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("springcloud-provider-user-service");

        LOGGER.info("serviceInstance info ---> serviceId is  "+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+" host is "+serviceInstance.getHost()+"port is "+serviceInstance.getPort() );
    }

}

从UserController中的login,get和list方法可以看出，我们将请求地址变更为http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE,而SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE是用户微服务的虚拟主机名，当Ribbon和Eureka配合使用时，会自动将虚拟主机名映射城微服务的网络地址。

在新增的logUserServiceInstance方法中可以通过LoadBalancerClient的API更加直观的获取当前选择的用户微服务节点。

启动如下服务： 

访问地址:http://127.0.0.1:9994/log-user-service-instance

观察控制台输出:

2017-06-29 11:26:39.112 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-7] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996 
2017-06-29 11:26:41.000 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-8] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995 
2017-06-29 11:26:42.126 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-1] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996 
2017-06-29 11:26:48.926 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-4] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995

可以看到此时请求会均匀分布到两个不同用户微服务节点上，说明已经实现了负载均衡。

application.properties

spring.application.name=springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix
server.port=9994

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://tony:666666@127.0.0.1:9998/eureka/,http://tony:666666@127.0.0.1:9997/eureka/
#eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

##修改服务负载均衡规则为随机
springcloud-provier-user-service.ribbon.NFLoadBalanceRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

十一 使用Feign实现声明式REST调用

Feign是Netflix公司开发的声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端，其主要用途是更加便捷、优雅的调用HTTP API,Spring Cloud在原有基础上使Feign支持SpringMVC注解，并且整合了Ribbon和Eureka。

所属maven模块 springcloud-consumer-h5-feign

之前的maven模块springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix是使用RestTemplate(负载均衡是使用ribbon实现)调用RESTful API。 如下的登录方法:

 @GetMapping("/login")
    public User login(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String password){

        LOGGER.info("call user service login method");
        ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity =this.restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/login?name={1},password={2}",User.class,name,password);

        return responseEntity.getBody();
    }

由代码可知通过拼接字符串的方式构造URL,而在其他业务场景中可能还会有更多的参数，如果还以这种方式构造URL,那么就会变得更低效，难以维护。

引入Netflix公司开发的Feign实现声明式的RESTful API 调用

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-consumer-h5-feign</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-consumer-h5-feign</name>
    <description>SpringCloud Feign H5 Application</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>

    </parent>



    <properties>
        <start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudFeignH5Application</start-class>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                    <layout>ZIP</layout>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

创建一个Feign接口,并添加@FeignClient注解

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.feign;

import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Feign Client
 *
 * @author tony 18601767221@163.com
 * @create 2017-06-29-下午2:44
 * @see
 * @since JDK1.8u133
 */
@FeignClient(value = "springcloud-provider-user-service") //
public interface UserFeignClient {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/list",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    List<User> list();

    @RequestMapping(value = "/login",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    User login(@RequestParam("name")  String name, @RequestParam("password") String password);

}

@FeignClient注解中的springcloud-provider-user-service是一个任意的客户端名称，用于创建Ribbon负载均衡器。

修改Controller,让其调用Feign接口

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;

import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.feign.UserFeignClient;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Feign Controller
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com
 * @create 2017-06-下午1:50
 */
@RestController
public class UserFeignController {
    private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserFeignController.class);


    @Autowired
    UserFeignClient userFeignClient;

    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    public List<User> list(){

        return userFeignClient.list();
    }

    @GetMapping("/login")
    public User login(@RequestParam String name,@RequestParam String password){

        return userFeignClient.login(name,password);
    }

    /**
     * ribbon负载均衡测试方法
     * springcloud 将feign和ribbon以及eureka进行了集成
     */
    @GetMapping("/log-user-service-instance")
    public void loguserserviceinstance(){

        ServiceInstance serviceInstance=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("springcloud-provider-user-service");

        LOGGER.info("serviceInstance info ---> serviceId is  "+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+" host is "+serviceInstance.getHost()+"port is "+serviceInstance.getPort() );
    }

}

启动类

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients //开启SpringCloud Feign的支持功能
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudFeignH5Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudFeignH5Application.class, args);
    }
}

启动如下服务: 

访问地址:http://127.0.0.1:9993/login?name=tony&password=666666

调用login接口返回的结果 

访问http://127.0.0.1:9993/log-user-service-instance

查看控制台日志输出 
2017-06-29 14:56:56.341 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-4] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995 
2017-06-29 14:56:58.055 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-5] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996 
2017-06-29 14:56:59.310 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-6] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995 
2017-06-29 14:57:05.287 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-7] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996 
2017-06-29 14:57:06.340 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-8] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995

以上结果说明不仅实现了声明式的Restful API调用，还实现了客户端的负载均衡

十二 使用Hystrix实现微服务的容错处理

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</name>
    <description>Spring Cloud H5 Appliaction</description>


    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>

    </parent>

    <properties>
        <start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication</start-class>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>



        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.8</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                    <layout>ZIP</layout>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

启动类:

添加@EnableCircuitBreaker为项目启动断路器支持

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@EnableCircuitBreaker //启动断路器支持
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication {




    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication.class, args);
    }
}

修改UserController，让其中的list方法具备容错能力

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * User Controller
 *
 * @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com
 * @create 2017-06-上午12:55
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {



    private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;




    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;


    @GetMapping("/login")
    public User login(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String password){

        LOGGER.info("call user service login method");
        ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity =this.restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/login?name={1},password={2}",User.class,name,password);

        return responseEntity.getBody();
    }


    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "listFallback",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "50000"),
            @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds",value = "10000")
    },
            threadPoolProperties = {
                @HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize",value = "1"),
                    @HystrixProperty(name="maxQueueSize",value = "20")
            }
    )
    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<User> list(){
        User[] users=this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/list",User[].class);
        List<User> userList = Arrays.asList(users);
        return userList;

    }


    /**
     * 当list方法所在的服务不可用时,会调用此方法
     * @return
     */
    public List<User> listFallback(){
        User user =new User();
        user.setName("admin");
        List<User> userList=new ArrayList<>();
        userList.add(user);
        return userList;
    }


    @GetMapping("user/get/{id}")
    public User get(@PathVariable Long id){

        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/get/id={1}",User.class,id);
    }


    /**
     * ribbon负载均衡测试方法
     */
    @GetMapping("/log-user-service-instance")
    public void loguserserviceinstance(){

        ServiceInstance serviceInstance=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("springcloud-provider-user-service");

        LOGGER.info("serviceInstance info ---> serviceId is  "+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+" host is "+serviceInstance.getHost()+"port is "+serviceInstance.getPort() );
    }

}

由代码可知，为list方法添加一个回退方法listFallback,该方法与list方法具有相同的参数和返回值类型。

在list方法上，使用注解@HystrixCommand的fallBackMethod属性,指定回退方法是listFallback。

启动如下服务: 

访问地址:http://127.0.0.1:9994/list 
当服务状态可用时的返回结果 

关掉两个springcloud-provider-user-service进程后 

再次访问http://127.0.0.1:9994/list 
返回默认用户信息