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How can I remove the symbols on the right scrollbar in VSCode?

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It looks like you're referring to the Overview ruler in VSCode. This is detailed in this answer. Copied below:

You can configure these settings:

// Controls if the cursor should be hidden in the overview ruler.
"editor.hideCursorInOverviewRuler": false,

// Controls if a border should be drawn around the overview ruler.
"editor.overviewRulerBorder": true,

// Controls the number of decorations that can show up at the same position in the overview ruler
"editor.overviewRulerLanes": 3

… but also some configurable colours, which is the most thorough explanation I've found:

Overview ruler

This ruler is located beneath the scroll bar on the right edge of the editor and gives an overview of the decorations in the editor.

• editorOverviewRuler.border: Color of the overview ruler border.
• editorOverviewRuler.findMatchForeground: Overview ruler marker color for find matches. The color must not be opaque to not hide underlying decorations.
• editorOverviewRuler.rangeHighlightForeground: Overview ruler marker color for highlighted ranges, like by the Quick Open, Symbol in File and Find features. The color must not be opaque to not hide underlying decorations.
• editorOverviewRuler.selectionHighlightForeground: Overview ruler marker color for selection highlights. The color must not be opaque to not hide underlying decorations.
• editorOverviewRuler.wordHighlightForeground: Overview ruler marker color for symbol highlights. The color must not be opaque to not hide underlying decorations.
• editorOverviewRuler.wordHighlightStrongForeground: Overview ruler marker color for write-access symbol highlights. The color must not be opaque to not hide underlying decorations.
• editorOverviewRuler.modifiedForeground: Overview ruler marker color for modified content.
• editorOverviewRuler.addedForeground: Overview ruler marker color for added content.
• editorOverviewRuler.deletedForeground: Overview ruler marker color for deleted content.
• editorOverviewRuler.errorForeground: Overview ruler marker color for errors.
• editorOverviewRuler.warningForeground: Overview ruler marker color for warnings.
• editorOverviewRuler.infoForeground: Overview ruler marker color for infos.
• editorOverviewRuler.bracketMatchForeground: Overview ruler marker color for matching brackets.