经测试有效

方案一

sudo mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-8-reg.repo
dnf clean all
dnf makecache
dnf repolist
dnf install -y dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
dnf makecache
dnf install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin --allowerasing
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker.service
systemctl status docker
cat <<-EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
  	"https://docker.xuanyuan.me"
  	]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
docker run hello-world

方案二

sudo mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-8-reg.repo
dnf clean all
dnf makecache
dnf repolist
dnf install -y dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo sed -i 's@download.docker.com@repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce@g' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
sudo dnf makecache
sudo dnf install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin --allowerasing
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker.service
systemctl status docker
cat <<-EOF | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://docker.xuanyuan.me",
    "https://mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://repo.huaweicloud.com",
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com"
  ]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
docker run hello-world