使用Docker安装Nextcloud网盘

janthinasnail

322人浏览 · 2026-03-19 09:12:28

janthinasnail · 2026-03-19 09:12:28 发布

1、安装Docker

详见：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/CrjQTLJM0YbJ9SC4GIfKsg

2、安装Nextcloud

详见：https://github.com/nextcloud/docker

创建目录：

mkdir nextcloud

切换目录：

cd nextcloud

2.1、方式1：使用apache镜像

运行容器：

docker run -d \
  --name nextcloud \
  -p 8080:80 \
  -v ./html:/var/www/html \
  nextcloud

查看容器列表：

docker ps

停止容器：

docker stop nextcloud

删除容器：

docker rm nextcloud

删除目录：

rm -rf ./html

删除镜像：

docker rmi nextcloud

2.2、方式2：使用fpm镜像

下载nginx.conf文件：

详见：
https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/tree/master/.examples

# 方式1：未使用代理下载
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nextcloud/docker/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf

# 方式2：使用代理下载
# 详见：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/XTbT3wKp_W2fiK7pGpo7Qg
wget https://gh-proxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nextcloud/docker/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf

查看nginx.conf文件：

详见：
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/postgres/fpm/web/nginx.conf
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/with-nginx-proxy/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/with-nginx-proxy/postgres/fpm/web/nginx.conf

worker_processes auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    types {
        text/javascript mjs;
    }

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens   off;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    # Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
    map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
        "" "";
    default ", immutable";
    }

    #gzip  on;

    resolver 127.0.0.11 valid=2s;
    upstream php-handler {
        zone backends 64k;
        server app:9000 resolve;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;

        # HSTS settings
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;

        # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
        client_max_body_size 512M;
        client_body_timeout 300s;
        fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

        # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwidth.
        # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
        # for tuning hints
        client_body_buffer_size 512k;

        # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
        gzip on;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_comp_level 4;
        gzip_min_length 256;
        gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
        gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

        # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
        # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
        #pagespeed off;

        # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
        add_header Referrer-Policy                      "no-referrer"       always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options               "nosniff"           always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options                      "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies    "none"              always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag                         "noindex, nofollow" always;

        # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
        fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

        # Path to the root of your installation
        root /var/www/html;

        # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
        # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
        # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
        # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
        # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
        # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
        # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
        # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
        # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
        # always provides the desired behaviour.
        index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
        location = / {
            if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
                return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
            }
        }

        location = /robots.txt {
            allow all;
            log_not_found off;
            access_log off;
        }

        # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
        # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
        # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
        # for `/.well-known`.
        location ^~ /.well-known {
            # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
            # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

            location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
            location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

            location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
            location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

            # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
            # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
            return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
        }

        # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
        location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
        location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

        # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
        # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
        # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
        # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
        location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
            # Required for legacy support
            rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode(_arm64)?\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
            set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

            try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
            #fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

            fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
            fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
            fastcgi_pass php-handler;

            fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
            fastcgi_request_buffering on;                   # Required as PHP-FPM does not support chunked transfer encoding and requires a valid ContentLength header.

            fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
        }

        # Serve static files
        location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|ico|jpg|png|webp|wasm|tflite|map|ogg|flac|mp4|webm)$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463$asset_immutable";
            add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
            add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
            add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
            add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
            add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        }

        location ~ \.(otf|woff2?)$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
            expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        }

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
        location /remote {
            return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
        }
    }
}

修改nginx.conf文件：

# 将app替换成nextcloud（容器名称）
sed -i 's/server app:9000 resolve/server nextcloud:9000/g' nginx.conf

运行容器：

# nextcloud：
docker run -d \
  --name nextcloud \
  -v ./html:/var/www/html \
  nextcloud:fpm

# nginx：
docker run -d \
  --name nginx \
  -p 8080:80 \
  -v ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  -v ./html:/var/www/html \
  --link nextcloud \
  nginx:alpine

查看容器列表：

docker ps

停止容器：

docker stop nextcloud nginx

删除容器：

docker rm nextcloud nginx

删除目录：

rm -rf ./html

删除镜像：

docker rmi nextcloud:fpm nginx:alpine

2.3、方式3：基于apache镜像

创建docker-compose.yaml文件：

services:
  # Note: MariaDB is external service. You can find more information about the configuration here:
  # https://hub.docker.com/_/mariadb
  db:
    # Note: Check the recommend version here: https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html#server
    image: mariadb:lts
    restart: always
    command: --transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
    volumes:
      - db:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
      - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud

  # Note: Redis is an external service. You can find more information about the configuration here:
  # https://hub.docker.com/_/redis
  redis:
    image: redis:alpine
    restart: always

  app:
    image: nextcloud
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:80
    depends_on:
      - redis
      - db
    volumes:
      - nextcloud:/var/www/html
    environment:
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
      - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud
      - MYSQL_HOST=db

volumes:
  nextcloud:
  db:

修改docker-compose.yaml文件：

sed -i 's/MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=/MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=nextcloud/g' docker-compose.yaml
sed -i 's/MYSQL_PASSWORD=/MYSQL_PASSWORD=nextcloud/g' docker-compose.yaml

创建并启动容器：

docker-compose up -d

查看容器列表：

docker ps

查看数据卷列表：

docker volume ls

停止并销毁容器：

docker-compose down

删除数据卷：

docker volume rm nextcloud_nextcloud nextcloud_db

删除镜像：

docker rmi mariadb:lts redis:alpine nextcloud

2.4、方式4：基于fpm镜像

下载nginx.conf文件：

详见：
https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/tree/master/.examples

# 方式1：未使用代理下载
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nextcloud/docker/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf

# 方式2：使用代理下载
# 详见：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/XTbT3wKp_W2fiK7pGpo7Qg
wget https://gh-proxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nextcloud/docker/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf

查看nginx.conf文件：

详见：
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/insecure/postgres/fpm/web/nginx.conf
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/with-nginx-proxy/mariadb/fpm/web/nginx.conf
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker/blob/master/.examples/docker-compose/with-nginx-proxy/postgres/fpm/web/nginx.conf

worker_processes auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    types {
        text/javascript mjs;
    }

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens   off;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    # Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
    map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
        "" "";
    default ", immutable";
    }

    #gzip  on;

    resolver 127.0.0.11 valid=2s;
    upstream php-handler {
        zone backends 64k;
        server app:9000 resolve;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;

        # HSTS settings
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;

        # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
        client_max_body_size 512M;
        client_body_timeout 300s;
        fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

        # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwidth.
        # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
        # for tuning hints
        client_body_buffer_size 512k;

        # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
        gzip on;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_comp_level 4;
        gzip_min_length 256;
        gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
        gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

        # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
        # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
        #pagespeed off;

        # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
        add_header Referrer-Policy                      "no-referrer"       always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options               "nosniff"           always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options                      "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies    "none"              always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag                         "noindex, nofollow" always;

        # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
        fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

        # Path to the root of your installation
        root /var/www/html;

        # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
        # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
        # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
        # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
        # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
        # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
        # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
        # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
        # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
        # always provides the desired behaviour.
        index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
        location = / {
            if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
                return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
            }
        }

        location = /robots.txt {
            allow all;
            log_not_found off;
            access_log off;
        }

        # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
        # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
        # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
        # for `/.well-known`.
        location ^~ /.well-known {
            # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
            # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

            location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
            location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

            location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
            location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

            # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
            # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
            return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
        }

        # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
        location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
        location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

        # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
        # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
        # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
        # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
        location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
            # Required for legacy support
            rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode(_arm64)?\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
            set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

            try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
            #fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

            fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
            fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
            fastcgi_pass php-handler;

            fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
            fastcgi_request_buffering on;                   # Required as PHP-FPM does not support chunked transfer encoding and requires a valid ContentLength header.

            fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
        }

        # Serve static files
        location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|ico|jpg|png|webp|wasm|tflite|map|ogg|flac|mp4|webm)$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463$asset_immutable";
            add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
            add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
            add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
            add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
            add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        }

        location ~ \.(otf|woff2?)$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
            expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        }

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
        location /remote {
            return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
        }
    }
}

创建docker-compose.yaml文件：

services:
  # Note: MariaDB is an external service. You can find more information about the configuration here:
  # https://hub.docker.com/_/mariadb
  db:
    # Note: Check the recommend version here: https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html#server
    image: mariadb:lts
    restart: always
    command: --transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
    volumes:
      - db:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
      - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud

  # Note: Redis is an external service. You can find more information about the configuration here:
  # https://hub.docker.com/_/redis
  redis:
    image: redis:alpine
    restart: always

  app:
    image: nextcloud:fpm
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      - redis
      - db
    volumes:
      - nextcloud:/var/www/html
    environment:
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
      - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud
      - MYSQL_HOST=db

  # Note: Nginx is an external service. You can find more information about the configuration here:
  # https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx/
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine-slim
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:80
    depends_on:
      - app
    volumes:
      # https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro 
    volumes_from:
      - app

volumes:
  nextcloud:
  db:

修改docker-compose.yaml文件：

sed -i 's/MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=/MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=nextcloud/g' docker-compose.yaml
sed -i 's/MYSQL_PASSWORD=/MYSQL_PASSWORD=nextcloud/g' docker-compose.yaml

创建并启动容器：

docker-compose up -d

查看容器列表：

docker ps

查看数据卷列表：

docker volume ls

停止并销毁容器：

docker-compose down

删除数据卷：

docker volume rm nextcloud_nextcloud nextcloud_db

删除镜像：

docker rmi mariadb:lts redis:alpine nextcloud:fpm nginx:alpine-slim

3、浏览器访问

假设当前ip为192.168.186.128
浏览器访问：http://192.168.186.128:8080

创建管理员账号:

"或者"

管理后台：

"仪表盘"、"文件"、"照片"、"动态"

仪表盘：

文件：

照片：

动态：

4、详见

https://nextcloud.com
https://nextcloud.com/install
https://docs.nextcloud.com
https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/user_manual
https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual
https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/developer_manual
https://github.com/nextcloud/docker
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/LD5U8QQED4VuH5ehC0WPpw

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