一.分布式事务

一个业务由多个服务组成，每个服务都有独立的事务，这些事务具有一致性，那么这个事务我们称为分布式事务。

其中每一个服务的事务称为分支事务。

1.Seata框架解决分布式事务问题的基本原理

TC：事务协调者

TM:  事务管理器

RM： 资源管理器

TM负责发送信号给TC传递全局事务的开始与结束，当事务开始时，RM会在每一个服务执行时注册分布式事务，并报告事务状态。当全局事务结束的时候，由TM报告给TC，然后由TC决定是否回滚全局事务。

其中，TM和RM可以理解为Seata的客户端部分，引入到参与事务的微服务依赖中即可。将来TM和RM就会协助微服务，实现本地分支事务与TC之间交互，实现事务的提交或回滚。

而TC服务则是事务协调中心，是一个独立的微服务，需要单独部署。

2.部署TC

<1>建立数据库表

<2>配置文件

server:
  port: 7099

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-server

logging:
  config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
  file:
    path: ${user.home}/logs/seata
  # extend:
  #   logstash-appender:
  #     destination: 127.0.0.1:4560
  #   kafka-appender:
  #     bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
  #     topic: logback_to_logstash

console:
  user:
    username: admin
    password: admin

seata:
  config:
    # support: nacos, consul, apollo, zk, etcd3
    type: file
    # nacos:
    #   server-addr: nacos:8848
    #   group : "DEFAULT_GROUP"
    #   namespace: ""
    #   dataId: "seataServer.properties"
    #   username: "nacos"
    #   password: "nacos"
  registry:
    # support: nacos, eureka, redis, zk, consul, etcd3, sofa
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: nacos:8848
      group : "DEFAULT_GROUP"
      namespace: ""
      username: "nacos"
      password: "nacos"
#  server:
#    service-port: 8091 #If not configured, the default is '${server.port} + 1000'
  security:
    secretKey: SeataSecretKey0c382ef121d778043159209298fd40bf3850a017
    tokenValidityInMilliseconds: 1800000
    ignore:
      urls: /,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-fe/public/**,/api/v1/auth/login
  server:
    # service-port: 8091 #If not configured, the default is '${server.port} + 1000'
    max-commit-retry-timeout: -1
    max-rollback-retry-timeout: -1
    rollback-retry-timeout-unlock-enable: false
    enable-check-auth: true
    enable-parallel-request-handle: true
    retry-dead-threshold: 130000
    xaer-nota-retry-timeout: 60000
    enableParallelRequestHandle: true
    recovery:
      committing-retry-period: 1000
      async-committing-retry-period: 1000
      rollbacking-retry-period: 1000
      timeout-retry-period: 1000
    undo:
      log-save-days: 7
      log-delete-period: 86400000
    session:
      branch-async-queue-size: 5000 #branch async remove queue size
      enable-branch-async-remove: false #enable to asynchronous remove branchSession
  store:
    # support: file 、 db 、 redis
    mode: db
    session:
      mode: db
    lock:
      mode: db
    db:
      datasource: druid
      db-type: mysql
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.100.1:3306/seata?rewriteBatchedStatements=true&serverTimezone=UTC
      user: root
      password: 1234
      min-conn: 10
      max-conn: 100
      global-table: global_table
      branch-table: branch_table
      lock-table: lock_table
      distributed-lock-table: distributed_lock
      query-limit: 1000
      max-wait: 5000
    # redis:
    #   mode: single
    #   database: 0
    #   min-conn: 10
    #   max-conn: 100
    #   password:
    #   max-total: 100
    #   query-limit: 1000
    #   single:
    #     host: 192.168.150.101
    #     port: 6379
  metrics:
    enabled: false
    registry-type: compact
    exporter-list: prometheus
    exporter-prometheus-port: 9898
  transport:
    rpc-tc-request-timeout: 15000
    enable-tc-server-batch-send-response: false
    shutdown:
      wait: 3
    thread-factory:
      boss-thread-prefix: NettyBoss
      worker-thread-prefix: NettyServerNIOWorker
      boss-thread-size: 1

<3>Docker部署

docker run --name seata \
-p 8099:8099 \
-p 7099:7099 \
-e SEATA_IP=192.168.150.101 \
-v ./seata:/seata-server/resources \
--privileged=true \
--network hm-net \
-d \
seataio/seata-server:1.5.2

3.微服务集成seata

1.引入依赖

<!--统一配置管理-->
  <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <!--读取bootstrap文件-->
  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <!--seata-->
  <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
  </dependency>

2.修改配置

seata:
  registry: # TC服务注册中心的配置，微服务根据这些信息去注册中心获取tc服务地址
    type: nacos # 注册中心类型 nacos
    nacos:
      server-addr: 192.168.150.101:8848 # nacos地址
      namespace: "" # namespace，默认为空
      group: DEFAULT_GROUP # 分组，默认是DEFAULT_GROUP
      application: seata-server # seata服务名称
      username: nacos
      password: nacos
  tx-service-group: hmall # 事务组名称
  service:
    vgroup-mapping: # 事务组与tc集群的映射关系
      hmall: "default"

3.增加数据库表

回滚日志表，全局事务表，分支事务表

4.@GlobalTransactional

用于标记全局事务起点