k8s中的pod管理

輝太くん

220人浏览 · 2026-08-23 22:15:12

輝太くん · 2026-08-23 22:15:12 发布

1.集群基本操作

查看,创建，删除命名空间

创建与查看pod，当pod出现问题可以使用kubectl describe查看

上传镜像到harbor仓库，使用yaml生成pod

2.kubectl命令使用

创建，查看，删除deployments（create）

修改replica数量使用edit方式（edit）

精准非交互修改参数(patch)

端口暴露（expose）

查看访问记录（logs）

默认进入第一个容器，用 -c 指定容器名可以精确控制。（attach）

进入pods可以-c指定容器（exec）

复制pod的文件到宿主机上，多容器情况也可以用-c指定（cp）

deploment重启与版本更新（rollout）

修改replica数量可以有很多方法例如：scale，attach，edit，修改yaml（scale）

打标签--show-labels（label）

3.利用控制器实现版本更替

3.1建立控制器和svc

3.2更新业务版本

3.3版本回退

声明式添加change-cause

4.利用yaml文件声明资源

4.1在pod中运行多容器

4.2在pod运行主机中暴漏端口

4.3在pod中指定变量

访问node2的ip

4.4选择运行节点

4.5共享宿主机网络

4.6三种资源限制BestEffort，Burstable，Guaranteed

4.7容器重启规则（Always ，OnFailure ，Never ）

5.pod的生命周期

5.1init容器

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl run  webserver --image myapp:v1 --dry-run=client -o yaml > init-example.yml
[root@k8s-master pod]# vim init-example.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  initContainers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:latest
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - "until test -e /testfile;do echo wating for myservice; sleep 2;done"
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: webserver
  restartPolicy: Always


[root@k8s-master pod]# watch -n 1 kubectl get pods  -o wide

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f init-example.yml
pod/webserver created

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl exec -it pods/webserver -c busybox -- /bin/sh
/ #
/ # touch /testfile

5.2Livness存活探针

没有存活探针时

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl run  testpod --image  myapp:v1  --dry-run=client -o yaml > livness-example.yaml
[root@k8s-master pod]# vim livness-example.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: webserver
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
    - |
      nginx -g "daemon off;"
      sleep 10000
  restartPolicy: Always

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f livness-example.yaml

#监控程序
[root@k8s-master pod]# watch -n 1 kubectl get pods  -o wide

#测试操作：
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl exec  -it  pods/webserver -c webserver  -- /bin/sh
# nginx -s stop

#查看pod的状态仍然是runing，但是访问此pod时访问失败
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# curl 10.244.5.47
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 10.244.5.47 port 80: 拒绝连接

5.3存活探针livness

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl delete -f livness-example.yaml  --force
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: testpod
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
    - |
      nginx -g "daemon off;"
      sleep 10000
    livenessProbe:
      tcpSocket:
        port: 80
      initialDelaySeconds: 3
      periodSeconds: 1
      timeoutSeconds: 1
  restartPolicy: Always


[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl get pods  -o wide  -w

[root@k8s-master pod]#  kubectl exec -it pods/webserver -c webserver -- /bin/sh
/ #  nginx -s stop
2026/08/23 03:59:45 [notice] 15#15: signal process started

/ # exit
[root@k8s-master pod]# curl 10.244.5.66
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 10.244.5.66 port 80: 拒绝连接
[root@k8s-master pod]# curl 10.244.5.66
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 10.244.5.66 port 80: 拒绝连接
[root@k8s-master pod]# curl 10.244.5.66
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 10.244.5.66 port 80: 拒绝连接
[root@k8s-master pod]# curl 10.244.5.66
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 10.244.5.66 port 80: 拒绝连接
[root@k8s-master pod]# curl 10.244.5.66
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

5.4readness 就绪探针

没有就绪探针情况

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim readness-example.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: webserver
  restartPolicy: Always

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    run: webserver

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f readness-example.yml
pod/webserver unchanged
service/webserver created
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl describe  svc webserver
Name:                     webserver
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=webserver
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 run=webserver
Type:                     ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.102.162.217
IPs:                      10.102.162.217
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.5.67:80
Session Affinity:         None
Internal Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

#删除默认发布文件
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it pods/webserver -c webserver -- /bin/sh
/ # cd /usr/share/nginx/
/usr/share/nginx # ls
html
/usr/share/nginx # cd html/
/usr/share/nginx/html # ls
50x.html    index.html
/usr/share/nginx/html # rm -fr index.html
/usr/share/nginx/html # ls
50x.html
/usr/share/nginx/html #

#验证是否在访问service时endpoints中被下架
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl describe  svc webserver
Name:                     webserver
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=webserver
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 run=webserver
Type:                     ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.102.162.217
IPs:                      10.102.162.217
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.5.67:80			#还在
Session Affinity:         None
Internal Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>


#业务问题
[root@k8s-master pod]# curl  10.102.162.217
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.2</center>
</body>
</html>

有就绪探针情况

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim readness-example.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: webserver
    readinessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /index.html
        port: 80
      initialDelaySeconds: 3
      periodSeconds: 2
      timeoutSeconds: 1
  restartPolicy: Always
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    run: webserver


[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl get pods  -o wide
NAME        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
webserver   1/1     Running   0          7s    10.244.5.69   k8s-node2   <none>           <none>
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl describe  svc webserver
Name:                     webserver
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=webserver
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 run=webserver
Type:                     ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.110.248.237
IPs:                      10.110.248.237
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.5.69:80
Session Affinity:         None
Internal Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>


#复现问题
/usr/share/nginx/html # command terminated with exit code 137
[root@k8s-master ~]#
/ # rm -fr /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/ # echo timinglee > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/ #

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