我的路由：

const routerMap = [
    {
        path: '/',
        redirect: 'dashboard',
        component: Layout,
        name:'Dashboard',
        children: [
            {
                path: 'dashboard',
                component: () => import('@/view/dashboard'),
                name: 'Dashboard',
                meta: { title: 'dashboard', icon: 'dashboard', noCache: true }
            }
        ]
    },{
        path:'/test',
        component:Layout,
        redirect: '/test/index',
        name:'Test',
        meta:{title:'test',icon:'lock'},
        children:[
            {
                path:'index',
                component:()=>import('@/view/test'),
                name:'test',
                meta:{title:'test', icon: 'example', noCache: true }
            },{
                path:'example',
                component:()=>import('@/view/test/example'),
                name:'example',
                meta:{title:'example',icon:'404'}
            }
        ]
    }
]

面包屑代码：

<template>
    <div class="navbar clearfix">
        <el-breadcrumb class="breadcrumb-container" separator-class="el-icon-arrow-right">
            <el-breadcrumb-item v-for="item in levelList":key="item.path" :to="item.path">{{item.meta.title}}</el-breadcrumb-item>
        </el-breadcrumb>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: 'Navbar',
        data() {
            return {
                levelList: []
            }
        },
        watch: {
            $route() {
                this.getBreadcrumb()
            }
        },
        created(){
            this.getBreadcrumb()
        },
        methods:{
            getBreadcrumb() {
                let matched = this.$route.matched.filter(item => item.name)
                const first = matched[0];
                if (first && first.name.trim().toLocaleLowerCase() !== 'Dashboard'.toLocaleLowerCase()) {
                    matched = [{ path: '/dashboard', meta: { title: 'dashboard' }}].concat(matched)
                }
                this.levelList = matched
            }
        }
    }
</script>

原理：通过监听当前路由的变化，动态更新面包屑的内容。