安装 docker-compose

grafana 官网

有的时候官方下载连接会失败，所以这里选择docker镜像来进行安装部署，被墙的头晕

准备

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir -p /home/monitor/prometheus/config/rules
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir -p /home/monitor/grafana/config

步骤

0. 部署 Prometheus
1. 部署 Alertmanager
2. 与 Prometheus 建立连接
3. 使用 Prometheus 配置报警规则

1.创建 docker-compose.yml 配置文件

[root@k8s-master monitor]# pwd
/home/monitor
[root@k8s-master monitor]# cat > docker-compose.yml << eric
# 指定 docker-compose 编译版本，这个很重要
version: '2'
services:
  # 添加 普罗米修斯服务
  prometheus:
    # Docker Hub 镜像
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    # 容器名称
    container_name: prometheus
    # 容器内部 hostname
    hostname: prometheus
    # 容器支持自启动
    restart: always
    # 容器与宿主机 端口映射
    ports:
      - '9090:9090'
    # 将宿主机中的config文件夹，挂载到容器中/config文件夹
    volumes:
      - './prometheus/config:/config'
      - './prometheus/data/prometheus:/prometheus/data'
    # 指定容器中的配置文件
    command:
      - '--config.file=/config/prometheus.yml'
      # 支持热更新
      - '--web.enable-lifecycle'

  # 添加告警模块
  alertmanager:
    image: prom/alertmanager:latest
    container_name: alertmanager
    hostname: alertmanager
    restart: always
    ports:
      - '9093:9093'
    volumes:
      - './prometheus/config:/config'
      - './prometheus/data/alertmanager:/alertmanager/data'
    command:
      - '--config.file=/config/alertmanager.yml'

  # 添加监控可视化面板
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    hostname: grafana
    restart: always
    ports:
      - '3000:3000'
    volumes:
      # 配置grafana 邮件服务器
      - './grafana/config/grafana.ini:/etc/grafana/grafana.ini'
      - './grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana'
eric

[root@k8s-master monitor]#

2.添加告警模块配置文件 alertmanager.yml

[root@k8s-master config]# pwd
/home/monitor/prometheus/config
[root@k8s-master config]# cat > alertmanager.yml << eric
global:
  resolve_timeout: 1m
  # The smarthost and SMTP sender used for mail notifications.
  #smtp_smarthost: ''
  #smtp_from: ''
  #smtp_auth_username: ''
  #smtp_auth_password: ''

route:
  receiver: 'default-receiver'
    # The labels by which incoming alerts are grouped together. For example,
  # multiple alerts coming in for cluster=A and alertname=LatencyHigh would
  # be batched into a single group.
  #group_by: ['alertname']

  # When a new group of alerts is created by an incoming alert, wait at
  # least 'group_wait' to send the initial notification.
  # This way ensures that you get multiple alerts for the same group that start
  # firing shortly after another are batched together on the first
  # notification.
  # group_wait: 5s

  # When the first notification was sent, wait 'group_interval' to send a batch
  # of new alerts that started firing for that group.
  # group_interval: 30s

  # If an alert has successfully been sent, wait 'repeat_interval' to
  # resend them.
  repeat_interval: 1m
receivers:
  - name: 'default-receiver'
eric

[root@k8s-master config]#

3.配置 普罗米修斯配置文件 prometheus.yml

[root@k8s-master config]# pwd
/home/monitor/prometheus/config
[root@k8s-master config]# cat > prometheus.yml << eric
# 全局配置文件（可替换）
global:
  # 指定Prometheus抓取应用程序数据的间隔为15秒。
  scrape_interval:     15s # By default, scrape targets every 15 seconds.

  # Attach these labels to any time series or alerts when communicating with
  # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager).
  external_labels:
    monitor: 'line-monitor'

# 普罗米修斯 规则文件
rule_files:
  - "rules/*.yml"

# prometheus自身的Alert功能是根据我们配置的 规则文件 进行触发的，但是它并没有告警发邮件的功能，发送邮件的这件事儿是由 Alertmanager来做的
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - scheme: http
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - "k8s.dev-share.top:9093"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label \`job=<job_name>\` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['k8s.dev-share.top:9090']

  # 后期追加mysql监控
  - job_name: 'uat-mysql'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['k8s.dev-share.top:9104']

  # 后期追加机器监控
  - job_name: 'node-monitor'
    static_configs:
      # 因为阿里云有安全组策略，所以这里使用了外网域名
      - targets: ['k8s.dev-share.top:9100']
eric

[root@k8s-master config]#

4.添加 普罗米修斯 告警规则文件 mysql-rules.yml (mysql相关的监控规则)

[root@k8s-master rules]# pwd
/home/monitor/prometheus/config/rules
[root@k8s-master rules]# cat > mysql-rules.yml << eric
groups:
  - name: SiteDown
    rules:
    - alert: 'MySql离线监控告警'
      # 如果 prometheus 抓取到的mysql_up为0时，则表示监控的mysql已经是离线状态
      # up{instance="k8s.dev-share.top:9104",job="mysql"} 这个语法是在 prometheus web页面中--> Graph 里面查到的，这个说法是可以获取到被监控的mysql在线的数据; 等于0为离线
      expr: up{instance="k8s.dev-share.top:9104",job="mysql"} == 0
      #for: 30s
      for: 5s
      annotations:
        summary: "MySql离线监控告警 : {{.instance}}"
        description: "MySql离线监控告警 : {{.instance}}"
        custom: "mysql"

    - alert: 'Prometheus 离线监控告警'
      # 等于0时，将触发告警
      expr: up{instance="k8s.dev-share.top:9090",job="prometheus"} == 0
      for: 30s
      annotations:
        summary: "Prometheus 离线监控告警 : {{.instance}}"
        description: "Prometheus 离线监控告警 : {{.instance}}"
        custom: "prometheus"
eric

[root@k8s-master rules]#

5.添加grafana配置文件 grafana.ini

[root@dev10 config]# pwd
/home/monitor/grafana/config
[root@dev10 config]# cat > grafana.ini << eric
#################################### SMTP / Emailing ##########################
# 配置邮件服务器
[smtp]
enabled = true
# 发件服务器
host = smtp.exmail.qq.com:465
# smtp账号
user = gsk-portal@pharmeyes.com
# smtp 密码
password = smtp的密码
# 发信邮箱
from_address = gsk-portal@pharmeyes.com
# 发信人
from_name = Grafana
eric

[root@dev10 config]#

6.启动

[root@k8s-master monitor]# pwd
/home/monitor
[root@k8s-master monitor]# docker-compose up -d
Creating network "monitor_default" with the default driver
Creating alertmanager ... done
Creating prometheus   ... done
Creating grafana      ... done
[root@k8s-master monitor]#
# 如果启动后，有挂载盘权限问题，解决如下：虽然此方法并不好，暂时还没有更好的办法
[root@k8s-master home]# chmod -R 777 monitor/

总结，alertmanager 是给 prometheus 本身的alert用的，它是用来告警后触发邮件;

而我们现在使用 Grafana 是在Grafana 的监控面板中 Alerts选项直接可以配置的告警语句的，告警的查询语句可以去 prometheus web页面 --> Graph中 查询

所以在部署使用的时候不要弄混, Alertmanager 与 grafana 中的 alert 它俩没有任何关系

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Grafana 关联 普罗米修斯

Configuration --> Data Sources --> Add data source --> Prometheus

配置 Prometheus

key	value
Name：	Prometheus
URL：	http://k8s.dev-share.top:9090
Access：	Server(Default)
Whitelisted Cookies：	Prometheus
HTTP Method：	GET

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常用的grafana面板

K8S 监控面板 ID: 7532
MySQL 监控面板 ID: 7362
Blackbox 监控面板 ID: 9965
node 监控面板 ID: 9894

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Grafana 安装插件 饼图

[root@k8s-master monitor]# docker exec grafana grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel

[root@k8s-master monitor]# docker-compose restart grafana

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Grafana 添加报警接收者

Alerting --> Notification channels --> Add channel

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普罗米修斯热更新

注意：Only POST or PUT requests allowed 只允许 POST 或 PUT 请求

[root@k8s-master ~]# curl -X POST http://k8s.dev-share.top:9090/-/reload