zuul集成Sentinel,完成对path映射的限流
前面我们讲过了对单体应用的Sentinel限流,以及使用zookeeper对规则的持久化。通过前面的工作,我们可以完成单个实例的细粒度的限流、熔断操作。譬如有一个服务User,在分布式环境下,开启了多个实例,那么每个实例都可以获得如每秒限制10个登录的限流功能。但是有些场景下,我们想要另外一种限流方式,譬如在网关zuul层,想限制对User服务的限流,而不去关心具体它有多少个实例。这时,就需要..
前面我们讲过了对单体应用的Sentinel限流,以及使用zookeeper对规则的持久化。通过前面的工作,我们可以完成单个实例的细粒度的限流、熔断操作。
譬如有一个服务User,在分布式环境下,开启了多个实例,那么每个实例都可以获得如每秒限制10个登录的限流功能。但是有些场景下,我们想要另外一种限流方式,譬如在网关zuul层,想限制对User服务的限流,而不去关心具体它有多少个实例。这时,就需要用到网关限流了。
Sentinel 1.6.0 引入了 Sentinel API Gateway Adapter Common 模块,包含网关限流的规则和自定义 API 的实体和管理逻辑:
GatewayFlowRule:网关限流规则,针对 API Gateway 的场景定制的限流规则,可以针对不同 route 或自定义的 API 分组进行限流,支持针对请求中的参数、Header、来源 IP 等进行定制化的限流。
ApiDefinition:用户自定义的 API 定义分组,可以看做是一些 URL 匹配的组合。比如我们可以定义一个 API 叫 my_api,请求 path 模式为 /foo/** 和 /baz/** 的都归到 my_api 这个 API 分组下面。限流的时候可以针对这个自定义的 API 分组维度进行限流。
注意这个版本,1.6.0以后才有的。
我们直接上代码,进入实战。新建一个SpringCloud项目,选中zuul。并在启动类上加上@EnableZuulProxy注解,代表这是一个zuul网关项目。
pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinelzuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sentinelzuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
<sentinel.version>1.6.1</sentinel.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-datasource-zookeeper</artifactId>
</dependency>-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-zuul-adapter</artifactId>
<version>${sentinel.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-core</artifactId>
<version>${sentinel.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-parameter-flow-control</artifactId>
<version>${sentinel.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>0.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
官方文档上写,只需要引入sentinel-zuul-adapter依赖,实测后发现,只引入这个的话,所依赖的Sentinel-core是1.5.2版本,会导致启动失败。所以我手工加入了其他几个依赖。
yml文件如下:
server:
port: 9999
zuul:
routes:
one:
path: /baoban/**
url: http://localhost:8888/baoban/
spring:
application:
name: sentinelzuul
这里配了一个简单的routes映射。那是另外一个本地服务。
使用zuul的限流很简单,2个类即可。
ZuulConfig.java
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.filters.SentinelZuulErrorFilter;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.filters.SentinelZuulPostFilter;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.filters.SentinelZuulPreFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @author wuweifeng wrote on 2019/7/3.
*/
@Configuration
public class ZuulConfig {
@Bean
public ZuulFilter sentinelZuulPreFilter() {
return new SentinelZuulPreFilter(10000);
}
@Bean
public ZuulFilter sentinelZuulPostFilter() {
return new SentinelZuulPostFilter(1000);
}
@Bean
public ZuulFilter sentinelZuulErrorFilter() {
return new SentinelZuulErrorFilter(-1);
}
}
package com.example.sentinelzuul.config;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.SentinelGatewayConstants;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.ApiDefinition;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.ApiPathPredicateItem;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.ApiPredicateItem;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.GatewayApiDefinitionManager;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayFlowRule;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayParamFlowItem;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayRuleManager;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* @author wuweifeng wrote on 2019/7/3.
*/
@Configuration
public class GatewayRuleConfig {
private static final int URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_EXACT = 0;
private static final int URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_PREFIX = 1;
private static final int URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_REGEX = 2;
@PostConstruct
public void doInit() {
// Prepare some gateway rules and API definitions (only for demo).
// It's recommended to leverage dynamic data source or the Sentinel dashboard to push the rules.
initCustomizedApis();
initGatewayRules();
}
private void initCustomizedApis() {
Set<ApiDefinition> definitions = new HashSet<>();
ApiDefinition api1 = new ApiDefinition("baobao_api")
.setPredicateItems(new HashSet<ApiPredicateItem>() {{
//add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/ahas"));
add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/baoban/**")
.setMatchStrategy(URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_PREFIX));
}});
//ApiDefinition api2 = new ApiDefinition("another_customized_api")
// .setPredicateItems(new HashSet<ApiPredicateItem>() {{
// add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/**")
// .setMatchStrategy(URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_PREFIX));
// }});
definitions.add(api1);
//definitions.add(api2);
GatewayApiDefinitionManager.loadApiDefinitions(definitions);
}
private void initGatewayRules() {
Set<GatewayFlowRule> rules = new HashSet<>();
rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("baobao_api")
.setResourceMode(SentinelGatewayConstants.RESOURCE_MODE_CUSTOM_API_NAME)
.setCount(1)
.setIntervalSec(1)
);
rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("aliyun-product-route")
.setCount(2)
.setIntervalSec(2)
//应对突发请求时额外允许的请求数目。
.setBurst(2)
.setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem()
.setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_CLIENT_IP)
)
);
rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("another-route-httpbin")
.setCount(10)
//统计时间窗口,单位是秒,默认是 1 秒。
.setIntervalSec(1)
//流量整形的控制效果,同限流规则的 controlBehavior 字段,目前支持快速失败和匀速排队两种模式,默认是快速失败。
.setControlBehavior(RuleConstant.CONTROL_BEHAVIOR_RATE_LIMITER)
//匀速排队模式下的最长排队时间,单位是毫秒,仅在匀速排队模式下生效。
.setMaxQueueingTimeoutMs(600)
//参数限流配置
.setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem()
.setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_HEADER)
.setFieldName("X-Sentinel-Flag")
)
);
rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("another-route-httpbin")
.setCount(1)
.setIntervalSec(1)
.setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem()
.setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_URL_PARAM)
.setFieldName("pa")
)
);
rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("some_customized_api")
.setResourceMode(SentinelGatewayConstants.RESOURCE_MODE_CUSTOM_API_NAME)
.setCount(5)
.setIntervalSec(1)
.setParamItem(new GatewayParamFlowItem()
.setParseStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.PARAM_PARSE_STRATEGY_URL_PARAM)
.setFieldName("pn")
)
);
GatewayRuleManager.loadRules(rules);
//监听zookeeper,使用zookeeper的规则
//ReadableDataSource<String, Set<GatewayFlowRule>> flowRuleDataSource = new ZookeeperDataSource<>(null, null,
// source -> JSON.parseObject(source, new TypeReference<Set<GatewayFlowRule>>() {
// }));
//GatewayRuleManager.register2Property(flowRuleDataSource.getProperty());
}
}
主要做的有2件事
1是配置一下APIDefinition,也就是给自己的映射规则起个名字。
2是配置Rule,和之前的配置rule差不多。创建一个rule的集合,设置rule规则,具体规则各字段在上面截图中有解释。
这里我配了一个简单的一秒1个QPS的规则。最后用GatewayRuleManager去loadRules即可。
之后测试一下就发现规则已生效。频繁访问被限流的服务时,会报下面的异常。
如果你想自定义这个熔断的返回值的话,可以加个类实现ZuulBlockFallbackProvider:
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.fallback.BlockResponse;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.fallback.DefaultBlockFallbackProvider;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.fallback.ZuulBlockFallbackProvider;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.log.RecordLog;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* @author wuweifeng wrote on 2019/7/3.
*/
public class MyBlockFallbackProvider implements ZuulBlockFallbackProvider {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultBlockFallbackProvider.class);
// you can define route as service level
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "baobao_api";
}
@Override
public BlockResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
RecordLog.info(String.format("[Sentinel DefaultBlockFallbackProvider] Run fallback route: %s", route));
if (cause instanceof BlockException) {
return new BlockResponse(429, "the route is blocked", route);
} else {
return new BlockResponse(500, "System Error", route);
}
}
}
getRoute方法返回的就是上面定义的resouceName。然后注册一下就好了。
当然这也是基于内存的规则,不能动态改变,在实际生产中,如果需要动态改变规则的话,还是需要去用zookeeper之类的。下一篇我们来看看基于zookeeper的动态配置。
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