原文首发地址:github.com/DengSongson…

callHook

生命周期其实就是在源码的某个时间点执行了callHook方法来调用vm.$options的生命周期钩子方法

// vue/src/core/instance/lifecycle.js
export function callHook (vm: Component, hook: string) {
  const handlers = vm.$options[hook] // 获取Vue选项中的生命周期钩子函数
  if (handlers) {
    for (let i = 0, j = handlers.length; i < j; i++) {
      try {
        handlers[i].call(vm) // 执行生命周期函数
      } catch (e) {
        handleError(e, vm, `${hook} hook`)
      }
    }
  }
  if (vm._hasHookEvent) {
    vm.$emit('hook:' + hook)
  }
  popTarget()
}
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例如触发created钩子的方法:callHook(vm, 'created')

new Vue()

创建Vue对象,通过构造函数的形式创建

// vue/src/core/instance/index.js
function Vue (options) {
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    !(this instanceof Vue)
  ) { //判断是否是通过new关键字创建Vue对象
    warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')
  }
  this._init(options) // 初始化各个功能
}
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this._init()

 // vue/src/core/instance/init.js
 Vue.prototype._init = function (options?: Object) {
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      initProxy(vm)
    } else {
      vm._renderProxy = vm
    }
    // expose real self
    vm._self = vm
    initLifecycle(vm) //初始化生命周期
    initEvents(vm) //初始化事件
    initRender(vm) //初始化渲染
    callHook(vm, 'beforeCreate') //触发beforeCreate钩子
    initInjections(vm) // resolve injections before data/props 初始化Inject
    initState(vm) //初始化数据
    initProvide(vm) // resolve provide after data/props 初始化Provide
    callHook(vm, 'created') //触发created钩子

    if (vm.$options.el) { //判断是否有el选项,如果有则执行$mount方法
      vm.$mount(vm.$options.el)
    }
  }
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整个初始化过程中大致做的事情:

  • initLifecycle(vm) //初始化生命周期
  • initEvents(vm) //初始化事件
  • initRender(vm) //初始化渲染
  • callHook(vm, 'beforeCreate') //触发beforeCreate钩子
  • initInjections(vm) // resolve injections before data/props 初始化Inject
  • initState(vm) //初始化数据
  • initProvide(vm) // resolve provide after data/props 初始化Provide
  • callHook(vm, 'created') //触发created钩子

Init Events && Lifecycle

初始化事件和周期周期发生在创建Vue对象的过程中并在触发beforeCreate钩子之前,此过程还包含了初始化渲染

Init Events

// vue/src/core/instance/events.js
export function initEvents (vm: Component) {
  vm._events = Object.create(null)
  vm._hasHookEvent = false
  // init parent attached events
  const listeners = vm.$options._parentListeners
  if (listeners) {
    updateComponentListeners(vm, listeners)
  }
}
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该方法初始化事件的相关属性:on、off、emit

Init Lifecycle

// vue/src/core/instance/render.js
export function initLifecycle (vm: Component) {
  const options = vm.$options

  // locate first non-abstract parent
  let parent = options.parent
  if (parent && !options.abstract) {
    while (parent.$options.abstract && parent.$parent) {
      parent = parent.$parent
    }
    parent.$children.push(vm)
  }

  vm.$parent = parent
  vm.$root = parent ? parent.$root : vm

  vm.$children = []
  vm.$refs = {}

  vm._watcher = null
  vm._inactive = null
  vm._directInactive = false
  vm._isMounted = false
  vm._isDestroyed = false
  vm._isBeingDestroyed = false
}
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该方法主要是为vm对象添加了$parent、$root、$children、$refs等属性,以及一些其它的生命周期相关的标识

initRender(vm)

export function initRender (vm: Component) {
  vm._vnode = null // the root of the child tree
  vm._staticTrees = null // v-once cached trees
  const options = vm.$options
  const parentVnode = vm.$vnode = options._parentVnode // the placeholder node in parent tree
  const renderContext = parentVnode && parentVnode.context
  vm.$slots = resolveSlots(options._renderChildren, renderContext)
  vm.$scopedSlots = emptyObject
  // bind the createElement fn to this instance
  // so that we get proper render context inside it.
  // args order: tag, data, children, normalizationType, alwaysNormalize
  // internal version is used by render functions compiled from templates
  vm._c = (a, b, c, d) => createElement(vm, a, b, c, d, false)
  // normalization is always applied for the public version, used in
  // user-written render functions.
  vm.$createElement = (a, b, c, d) => createElement(vm, a, b, c, d, true)

  // $attrs & $listeners are exposed for easier HOC creation.
  // they need to be reactive so that HOCs using them are always updated
  const parentData = parentVnode && parentVnode.data
}
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这部分主要是给vm添加虚拟dom、solt等相关属性和方法

beforeCreate()

该钩子函数在实例初始化之后,数据观测 (data observer) 和 event/watcher 事件配置之前被调用。实现源码参考callHook部分。

Init injections && reactivity

initInjections(vm) && initProvide(vm)

// vue/src/core/instance/inject.js
export function initProvide (vm: Component) {
  const provide = vm.$options.provide
  if (provide) {
    vm._provided = typeof provide === 'function'
      ? provide.call(vm)
      : provide
  }
}

export function initInjections (vm: Component) {
  const result = resolveInject(vm.$options.inject, vm)
  if (result) {
    toggleObserving(false)
    Object.keys(result).forEach(key => {
      /* istanbul ignore else */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
        defineReactive(vm, key, result[key], () => {
          warn(
            `Avoid mutating an injected value directly since the changes will be ` +
            `overwritten whenever the provided component re-renders. ` +
            `injection being mutated: "${key}"`,
            vm
          )
        })
      } else {
        defineReactive(vm, key, result[key])
      }
    })
    toggleObserving(true)
  }
}
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initProvide()和initInjections()两个方法配套使用,以允许一个祖先组件向其所有子孙后代注入一个依赖,不论组件层次有多深,并在起上下游关系成立的时间里始终生效,直白点说就是用于将父组件_provided中定义的值,通过inject注入到子组件。provide 和 inject 绑定并不是可响应的。这是刻意为之的。然而,如果你传入了一个可监听的对象,那么其对象的属性还是可响应的

initState(vm)

// vue/src/core/instance/state.js
export function initState (vm: Component) {
  vm._watchers = []
  const opts = vm.$options
  if (opts.props) initProps(vm, opts.props)
  if (opts.methods) initMethods(vm, opts.methods)
  if (opts.data) {
    initData(vm)
  } else {
    observe(vm._data = {}, true /* asRootData */)
  }
  if (opts.computed) initComputed(vm, opts.computed)
  if (opts.watch && opts.watch !== nativeWatch) {
    initWatch(vm, opts.watch)
  }
}
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这部分主要是对数据进行操作,props、methods、data、computed、watch

created()

在实例创建完成后被立即调用。在这一步,实例已完成以下的配置:数据观测 (data observer),属性和方法的运算,watch/event 事件回调。然而,挂载阶段还没开始,$el 属性目前不可见

判断是否有’el‘选项

// vue/src/core/instance/init.js
if (vm.$options.el) {
  vm.$mount(vm.$options.el)
}
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该部分主要是判断是否有‘el’选项,若有则进行“判断是否有template选项”操作,否则进行“vm.$mount(el) is called”操作

Compile template into render && Compile el's outerHTML as template

// vue/src/platforms/web/entry-runtime-with-compiler.js
const idToTemplate = cached(id => {
  const el = query(id)
  return el && el.innerHTML
})

const mount = Vue.prototype.$mount //保存之前定义的$mount方法,然后重写
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el?: string | Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  el = el && query(el) //内部判断el是否是字符串,不是的话就直接返回

  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (el === document.body || el === document.documentElement) {
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
      `Do not mount Vue to <html> or <body> - mount to normal elements instead.`
    )
    return this
  }

  const options = this.$options
  // resolve template/el and convert to render function
  if (!options.render) { //判断是否有render函数
    let template = options.template
    if (template) { // 判断是否有template
      if (typeof template === 'string') {
        if (template.charAt(0) === '#') {
          template = idToTemplate(template)
          /* istanbul ignore if */
          if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !template) {
            warn(
              `Template element not found or is empty: ${options.template}`,
              this
            )
          }
        }
      } else if (template.nodeType) {
        template = template.innerHTML
      } else {
        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
          warn('invalid template option:' + template, this)
        }
        return this
      }
    } else if (el) {
      template = getOuterHTML(el)
    }
    if (template) {
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile')
      }

      const { render, staticRenderFns } = compileToFunctions(template, {
        shouldDecodeNewlines,
        shouldDecodeNewlinesForHref,
        delimiters: options.delimiters,
        comments: options.comments
      }, this)
      options.render = render
      options.staticRenderFns = staticRenderFns

      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile end')
        measure(`vue ${this._name} compile`, 'compile', 'compile end')
      }
    }
  }
  return mount.call(this, el, hydrating)
}

/**
 * Get outerHTML of elements, taking care
 * of SVG elements in IE as well.
 */
function getOuterHTML (el: Element): string {
  if (el.outerHTML) {
    return el.outerHTML
  } else {
    const container = document.createElement('div')
    container.appendChild(el.cloneNode(true))
    return container.innerHTML
  }
}

Vue.compile = compileToFunctions // 对最后生成的模版进行解析,生成render
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这部分主要是template进行解析编译。先判断是否有render函数,如果有的话不作处理直接执行mount.call(this, el, hydrating)。如果没有render函数,则获取template,template可以是#id、模版字符串、dom元素,如果没有template,则获取el以及其子内容作为模版

beforeMount()

在挂载开始之前被调用:相关的 render 函数首次被调用。该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用。

mountComponent

// vue/src/core/instance/lifecycle.js
// 挂载组件的方法
export function mountComponent (
  vm: Component,
  el: ?Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  vm.$el = el
  if (!vm.$options.render) {
    vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode
  }
  callHook(vm, 'beforeMount') //调用beforeMount钩子 

  let updateComponent
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
    updateComponent = () => {
      const name = vm._name
      const id = vm._uid
      const startTag = `vue-perf-start:${id}`
      const endTag = `vue-perf-end:${id}`

      mark(startTag)
      const vnode = vm._render()
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} render`, startTag, endTag)

      mark(startTag)
      vm._update(vnode, hydrating)
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} patch`, startTag, endTag)
    }
  } else {
    updateComponent = () => {
      vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
    }
  }
  return vm
}
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可以看到在mountComponent()方法中调用了beforeMount钩子,然后在updateComponent中调用了vm._render(),最后返回vm对象

mountComponent在Vue的$mount方法中使用:

// src/platforms/web/runtime/index.js
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el?: string | Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined
  return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
}
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mounted()

el被新创建的vm.$el替换,并挂载到实例上去之后调用该钩子。如果root实例挂载了一个文档内元素,当mounted被调用时vm.$el也在文档内

mountComponent

export function mountComponent (
  vm: Component,
  el: ?Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  vm.$el = el
  // manually mounted instance, call mounted on self
  // mounted is called for render-created child components in its inserted hook
  if (vm.$vnode == null) {
    vm._isMounted = true
    callHook(vm, 'mounted') //调用mounted钩子
  }
  return vm
}
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判断如果vm.$vnode == null,则设置vm._isMounted = true并调用mounted钩子函数

beforeUpdate()

数据更新时调用,发生在虚拟DOM打补丁之前。这里适合在更新之前访问现有的DOM,比如手动移除已添加的事件监听器。

mountComponent

export function mountComponent (
  vm: Component,
  el: ?Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  vm.$el = el
  if (!vm.$options.render) {
    vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode
  }

  let updateComponent
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
    updateComponent = () => {
      const name = vm._name
      const id = vm._uid
      const startTag = `vue-perf-start:${id}`
      const endTag = `vue-perf-end:${id}`

      mark(startTag)
      const vnode = vm._render()
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} render`, startTag, endTag)

      mark(startTag)
      vm._update(vnode, hydrating)
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} patch`, startTag, endTag)
    }
  } else {
    updateComponent = () => {
      vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
    }
  }

  // we set this to vm._watcher inside the watcher's constructor
  // since the watcher's initial patch may call $forceUpdate (e.g. inside child
  // component's mounted hook), which relies on vm._watcher being already defined
  new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, {
    before () {
      if (vm._isMounted) {
        callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
      }
    }
  }, true /* isRenderWatcher */)
  hydrating = false

  return vm
}

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监测数据发生了变化,并且已经dom被挂载了之后,调用beforeUpdate钩子

vm._update

// vue/src/core/instance/lifecycle.js
Vue.prototype._update = function (vnode: VNode, hydrating?: boolean) {
    const vm: Component = this
    const prevEl = vm.$el
    const prevVnode = vm._vnode
    const prevActiveInstance = activeInstance
    activeInstance = vm
    vm._vnode = vnode
    // Vue.prototype.__patch__ is injected in entry points
    // based on the rendering backend used.
    if (!prevVnode) {
      // initial render
      vm.$el = vm.__patch__(vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false /* removeOnly */)
    } else {
      // updates
      vm.$el = vm.__patch__(prevVnode, vnode)
    }
    activeInstance = prevActiveInstance
    // update __vue__ reference
    if (prevEl) {
      prevEl.__vue__ = null
    }
    if (vm.$el) {
      vm.$el.__vue__ = vm
    }
    // if parent is an HOC, update its $el as well
    if (vm.$vnode && vm.$parent && vm.$vnode === vm.$parent._vnode) {
      vm.$parent.$el = vm.$el
    }
    // updated hook is called by the scheduler to ensure that children are
    // updated in a parent's updated hook.
  }
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调用beforeUpdate钩子之后对虚拟dom重新渲染和补丁

updated()

由于数据更改导致的虚拟DOM重新渲染和打补丁,在这之后会调用该钩子。 当这个钩子被调用时,组件DOM已经更新,所以你现在可以执行依赖于DOM的操作。然而在大多数情况下,你应该避免在此期间更改状态。如果要相应状态改变,通常最好使用计算属性或watcher取而代之。

// vue/src/core/observer/scheduler.js
function callUpdatedHooks (queue) {
  let i = queue.length
  while (i--) {
    const watcher = queue[i]
    const vm = watcher.vm
    if (vm._watcher === watcher && vm._isMounted) {
      callHook(vm, 'updated') // 调用updated钩子
    }
  }
}

function flushSchedulerQueue () {
  flushing = true
  let watcher, id
  queue.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id)

  for (index = 0; index < queue.length; index++) {
    watcher = queue[index]
    id = watcher.id
    has[id] = null
    watcher.run()
  }

  const activatedQueue = activatedChildren.slice()
  const updatedQueue = queue.slice()

  resetSchedulerState()

  // 调用组件的updated和activated生命周期
  callActivatedHooks(activatedQueue)
  callUpdatedHooks(updatedQueue)
}

export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) {
  const id = watcher.id
  if (has[id] == null) {
    has[id] = true // 此参数用于判断watcher的ID是否存在
    ……
    if (!waiting) {
      waiting = true
      nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)
    }
  }
}

// src/core/observer/watcher.js
  update () {
    // lazy 懒加载
    // sync 组件数据双向改变
    if (this.lazy) {
      this.dirty = true
    } else if (this.sync) {
      this.run()
    } else {
      queueWatcher(this) // 排队watcher
    }
  }
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队列执行完Watcher数组的update方法后调用了updated钩子,然后再是调用mounted钩子

beforeDestory()

实例销毁之前调用。在这一步,实例仍然完全可用。该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用。

// vue/src/core/instance/lifecycle.js
Vue.prototype.$destroy = function () {
    const vm: Component = this
    if (vm._isBeingDestroyed) {
      return
    }
    callHook(vm, 'beforeDestroy') // 调用beforeDestroy钩子
  }
}
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vm.$destory() is called时被调用

destroyed()

Vue实例销毁后调用。调用后,Vue实例指示的所有东西都会解绑定,所有的事件监听器会被移除,所有的子实例也会被销毁。

Vue.prototype.$destroy = function () {
    const vm: Component = this
    if (vm._isBeingDestroyed) {
      return
    }
    callHook(vm, 'beforeDestroy') //调用beforeDestroy钩子
    vm._isBeingDestroyed = true
    // remove self from parent
    // 清除相关配置
    const parent = vm.$parent
    if (parent && !parent._isBeingDestroyed && !vm.$options.abstract) {
      remove(parent.$children, vm)
    }
    // teardown watchers
    if (vm._watcher) {
      vm._watcher.teardown()
    }
    let i = vm._watchers.length
    while (i--) {
      vm._watchers[i].teardown()
    }
    // remove reference from data ob
    // frozen object may not have observer.
    if (vm._data.__ob__) {
      vm._data.__ob__.vmCount--
    }
    // call the last hook...
    vm._isDestroyed = true
    // invoke destroy hooks on current rendered tree
    vm.__patch__(vm._vnode, null)
    // fire destroyed hook
    callHook(vm, 'destroyed')
    // turn off all instance listeners.
    vm.$off()
    // remove __vue__ reference
    if (vm.$el) {
      vm.$el.__vue__ = null
    }
    // release circular reference (#6759)
    if (vm.$vnode) {
      vm.$vnode.parent = null
    }
  }
}
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这部分销毁Vue实例,将各种配置清空和移除。移除Watchers、child、events。

转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5b02de32f265da0b9265e655

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