k8s 默认没有 web 管理页面，可以通过安装呢 Dashboard 来增加一个管理界面

下载 Dashboard yaml 文件

$ wget http://pencil-file.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/blog/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
--2019-05-06 09:32:11--  http://pencil-file.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/blog/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
正在解析主机 pencil-file.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com (pencil-file.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com)... 47.110.177.83
正在连接 pencil-file.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com (pencil-file.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com)|47.110.177.83|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：4577 (4.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “kubernetes-dashboard.yaml”

100%[=================================================================================================================================================================>] 4,577       --.-K/s 用时 0.001s

2019-05-06 09:32:11 (7.07 MB/s) - 已保存 “kubernetes-dashboard.yaml” [4577/4577])

✨打开下载的文件添加一项：type: NodePort，暴露出去 Dashboard 端口，方便外部访问。

......
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort    # 新增
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
......

部署

$ kubectl create -f  kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide | grep dashboard
kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard-5f7b999d65-h96kl   1/1     Running   1          23h   10.244.0.7     k8s-master   <none>           <none>

✨这里部署可能存在一个问题，在 yaml 文件 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 中拉取了一个镜像 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1，没有配置 docker 代理网络的可能拉取不下来，这里提供下载，使用 docker load 一下即可。

  还需要修改文件里面的镜像拉取方式如下：

......
spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
......

创建简单用户

创建服务账号和集群角色绑定配置文件

  创建 dashboard-adminuser.yaml 文件，加入以下内容：

$ vim dashboard-adminuser.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system

创建用户和角色绑定

$ kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml

查看 Token

$ kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-kprvh
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: a3f1c6f1-6a29-11e9-b485-001c42296049

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.k_cdBaDqjKRjPyP5Z8L5UDlvkLztVe8TiudfcmdRJyB4K8PBprx1io1UvJdjb3gFRaV4D3g-OPRzudtc_bJhqBoUeOAZs_kmrytrmix-pvTI8ObF9bVcN8dokEiKgSuBinWN37SPicHeL4CRzdmUYMuB3Q8uewZq5SaFCegIf9l_C_441EV7pZHY5m5AHnFZhdK0wKWLMkq-nGxJ-gTKCl5IsrQwuliP23UXlGi0HGQqLwWiFMLClK-bDYoBU54v5Iwo4HXNnQwNXJeuxSKYCi3KrsAlDgWw_I6dR69mk0OALllNglhfkiuMTdQUdHW2PgqjESLKkbqtpVNi7toyCw

✨保留 token 内容。

登录 Dashboard

• 查看 Dashboard 端口号

$ kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10       <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   8d
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.98.135.11     <none>        443:31135/TCP            7d10h

• 访问 Dashboard

  选择令牌，并输入上文中保留的 token 即可登录