1. /usr/bin/python2.7

Python 文件中如果未指定编码 (中文字符)，在执行过程会出现报错。

#!/usr/bin/python

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

print("你好！")

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py
  File "/home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py", line 11
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe4' in file /home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py on line 11, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details

Process finished with exit code 1

#!/usr/bin/python
#!/usr/bin/python3

Python 中默认的编码格式是 ASCII 格式，没修改编码格式时无法正确打印汉字，所以在读取中文时会报错。

在文件开头加入 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 或者 #coding=utf-8 解决问题。必须放在文件开头，#coding=utf-8 的 = 号两边不要空格。

1.1. example 1

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

print("你好！")

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py
你好！

Process finished with exit code 0

1.2. example 2

指定编码必须放在文件开头。

#!/usr/bin/python

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

print("你好！")

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py
  File "/home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py", line 13
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe4' in file /home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py on line 13, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details

Process finished with exit code 1

2. /usr/bin/python3.5

2.1. example 1

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

print("你好！")

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py
你好！

Process finished with exit code 0

2.2. example 2

#!/usr/bin/python3

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

print("你好！")

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/strong/pyqt5_workspace/character_encoding.py
你好！

Process finished with exit code 0

Python 3.x 源码文件默认使用 UTF-8 编码，所以可以正常解析中文，无需指定 UTF-8 编码。

strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ python3 character_encoding.py 
你好！
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 

3. 脚本第一行 #!/usr/bin/python 与 #!/usr/bin/python3

#!/usr/bin/python
#!/usr/bin/python3

脚本语言的第一行，只对 Linux/Unix 用户适用，用来指定脚本用什么解释器来执行。

包含 #!/usr/bin/python 之后，加上执行权限后，可以直接用 ./ 执行。不然无法执行，因为找不到 Python 解释器。#!/usr/bin/python 是告诉操作系统执行这个脚本的时候，调用 /usr/bin 下的 python 解释器。

#!/usr/bin/env python 这种用法是为了防止操作系统用户没有将 Python 装在默认的 /usr/bin 路径里。当系统看到这一行的时候，首先会到 env 设置里查找 Python 的安装路径，再调用对应路径下的解释器程序完成操作。

#!/usr/bin/python 相当于固定了 Python 路径。#!/usr/bin/env python 会去环境设置寻找 Python 目录，可以增强代码的可移植性，推荐这种写法。

1. 如果调用 Python 脚本时，使用:

python script.py 

#!/usr/bin/python 被忽略，等同于注释。

2. 如果调用 Python 脚本时，使用:

./script.py

#!/usr/bin/python 指定解释器的路径，shell 脚本中在第一行也有类似的声明。

所有 Python 程序的第一行应该是 #! 行，它告诉计算机你想让 Python 来执行这个程序，但剩下的内容取决于操作系统。

• 在 Windows 上，第一行是 #!python3。
• 在 OS X，第一行是 #!/usr/bin/env python3。
• 在 Linux 上，第一行是 #!/usr/bin/python3。

没有 #! 行，你也能从 IDE 运行 Python 脚本，但从命令行运行它们就需要这一行

3.1. example 1

#!/usr/bin/python3

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

print("你好！")

strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ ll
total 24
drwxrwxr-x  3 strong strong 4096 Apr 29 19:41 ./
drwxr-xr-x 96 strong strong 4096 Apr 29 17:49 ../
-rw-rw-r--  1 strong strong  451 Apr 29 19:41 character_encoding.py
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 


strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ ./character_encoding.py
bash: ./character_encoding.py: Permission denied
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 


strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ sudo chmod a+x character_encoding.py 
[sudo] password for strong: 
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 


strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ ll
total 24
drwxrwxr-x  3 strong strong 4096 Apr 29 19:41 ./
drwxr-xr-x 96 strong strong 4096 Apr 29 17:49 ../
-rwxrwxr-x  1 strong strong  451 Apr 29 19:41 character_encoding.py*
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 


strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ ./character_encoding.py 
你好！
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 

3.2. example 1

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

print("你好！")

strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ ll
total 24
drwxrwxr-x  3 strong strong 4096 Apr 29 20:00 ./
drwxr-xr-x 96 strong strong 4096 Apr 29 17:49 ../
-rwxrwxr-x  1 strong strong  431 Apr 29 20:00 character_encoding.py*
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 


strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ ./character_encoding.py 
./character_encoding.py: line 9: syntax error near unexpected token `"你好！"'
./character_encoding.py: line 9: `print("你好！")'
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 


strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ python3 character_encoding.py 
你好！
strong@foreverstrong:~/pyqt5_workspace$ 

4. .py 文件起始行

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

#!/usr/bin/python3
# Character Encoding: UTF-8

# ============================================================================================
# Name        : character_encoding.py
# Author      : Yongqiang Cheng
# Version     : April 16, 2019
# Copyright   : Copyright 2019 ForeverStrong License
# Description : Character Encoding for Linux in Python, Ansi-style
# ============================================================================================

References

[1] Yongqiang Cheng, https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/