Docker允许通过外部访问容器或者容器之间互联的方式来提供网络服务。
容器启动之后,容器中可以运行一些网络应用,通过-p或-P参数来指定端口映射。

注意:
宿主机的一个端口只能映射到容器内部的某一个端口上,比如:8080->80之后,就不能8080->81
容器内部的某个端口可以被宿主机的多个端口映射,比如:8080->80,8090->80,8099->80

1)启动容器时,选择一个端口映射到容器内部开放端口上
-p   小写p表示docker会选择一个具体的宿主机端口映射到容器内部开放的网络端口上。
-P   大写P表示docker会随机选择一个宿主机端口映射到容器内部开放的网络端口上。

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

比如:

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx -p 8088:80 docker.io/nginx

2218c7d88ccc917fd0aa0ec24e6d81667eb588f491d3730deb09289dcf6b8125

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx2 -P docker.io/nginx

589237ceec9d5d1de045a5395c0d4b519acf54e8c09afb07af49de1b06d71059

[root@docker-test ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES

589237ceec9d        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   6 seconds ago        Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp   my-nginx2

2218c7d88ccc        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp    my-nginx

 

由上面可知:

容器my-nginx启动时使用了-p,选择宿主机具体的8088端口映射到容器内部的80端口上了,访问http://localhost/8088即可

容器my-nginx2启动时使用了-P,选择宿主机的一个随机端口映射到容器内部的80端口上了,这里随机端口是32770,访问http://localhost/32770即可

2)启动创建时,绑定外部的ip和端口(宿主机ip是192.168.10.214)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx3 -p 127.0.0.1:8888:80 docker.io/nginx 

debca5ec7dbb770ca307b06309b0e24b81b6bf689cb11474ec1ba187f4d7802c

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx4 -p 192.168.10.214:9999:80 docker.io/nginx              

ba72a93196f7e55020105b90a51d2203f9cc4d09882e7848ff72f9c43d81852a

[root@docker-test ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                         NAMES

ba72a93196f7        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   2 seconds ago       Up 1 second         192.168.10.214:9999->80/tcp   my-nginx4

debca5ec7dbb        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        127.0.0.1:8888->80/tcp        my-nginx3

 

由上面可知:

容器my-nginx3绑定的宿主机外部ip是127.0.0.1,端口是8888,则访问http://127.0.0.1:8888或http://localhost:8888都可以,访问http://192.168.10.214:8888就会拒绝!

容器my-nginx4绑定的宿主机外部ip是192.168.10.214,端口是9999,则访问http://192.168.10.214:9999就可以,访问http://127.0.0.1:9999或http://localhost:9999就会拒绝!

3)容器启动时可以指定通信协议,比如tcp、udp

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx5 -p 8099:80/tcp docker.io/nginx

c08eb29e3c0a46386319b475cc95245ccfbf106ed80b1f75d104f8f05d0d0b3e

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx6 -p 192.168.10.214:8077:80/udp docker.io/nginx

992a48cbd3ef0e568b45c164c22a00389622c2b49e77f936bc0f980718590d5b

[root@docker-test ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                 NAMES

992a48cbd3ef        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        80/tcp, 192.168.10.214:8077->80/udp   my-nginx6

c08eb29e3c0a        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   53 seconds ago      Up 51 seconds       0.0.0.0:8099->80/tcp                  my-nginx5

4)查看容器绑定和映射的端口及Ip地址

1

2

3

4

5

6

[root@docker-test ~]# docker port my-nginx5

80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8099

[root@docker-test ~]# docker inspect my-nginx5|grep IPAddress

            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,

            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.6",

                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.6",

5)容器启动绑定多IP和端口(跟多个-p)

1

2

3

4

5

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx8 -p 192.168.10.214:7777:80 -p 127.0.0.1:7788:80 docker.io/nginx

0e86be91026d1601b77b52c346c44a31512138cedc7f21451e996dd2e75d014d

[root@docker-test ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                                 NAMES

0e86be91026d        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   17 seconds ago      Up 15 seconds       127.0.0.1:7788->80/tcp, 192.168.10.214:7777->80/tcp   my-nginx8

6)容器除了在启动时添加端口映射关系,还可以通过宿主机的iptables进行nat转发,将宿主机的端口映射到容器的内部端口上,这种方式适用于容器启动时没有指定端口映射的情况!

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

[root@docker-test ~]# docker run -ti -d --name my-nginx9 docker.io/nginx

990752e39d75b977cbff5a944247366662211ce43d16843a452a5697ddded12f

[root@docker-test ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS            NAMES

990752e39d75        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   2 seconds ago       Up 1 second         80/tcp           my-nginx9

 

这个时候,由于容器my-nginx9在启动时没有指定其内部的80端口映射到宿主机的端口上,所以默认是没法访问的!

现在通过宿主机的iptables进行net转发

 

首先获得容器的ip地址

[root@docker-test ~]# docker inspect my-nginx9|grep IPAddress

            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,

            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.9",

                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.9",

 

[root@docker-test ~]# ping 172.17.0.9

PING 172.17.0.9 (172.17.0.9) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 172.17.0.9: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms

64 bytes from 172.17.0.9: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms

.....

 

[root@docker-test ~]# telnet 172.17.0.9 80

Trying 172.17.0.9...

Connected to 172.17.0.9.

Escape character is '^]'

 

 

centos7下部署iptables环境纪录(关闭默认的firewalle)

参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5799210.html

 

将容器的80端口映射到dockers宿主机的9998端口

[root@docker-test ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 9998 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.9:80

[root@docker-test ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 172.17.0.9/32 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 80 -j SNAT --to-source 192.16.10.214

[root@docker-test ~]# iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9998 -j ACCEPT

 

保存以上iptables规则

[root@docker-test ~]# iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables

 

查看/etc/sysconfig/iptables文件,注意下面两行有关icmp-host-prohibited的设置一定要注释掉!否则nat转发会失败!

[root@docker-test ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Fri Aug 10 11:13:57 2018

*nat

:PREROUTING ACCEPT [32:1280]

:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 9998 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.9:80

-A POSTROUTING -d 172.17.0.9/32 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 80 -j SNAT --to-source 192.16.10.214

COMMIT

# Completed on Fri Aug 10 11:13:57 2018

# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Fri Aug 10 11:13:57 2018

*filter

:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]

:OUTPUT ACCEPT [50:5056]

-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9998 -j ACCEPT

#-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

#-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

# Completed on Fri Aug 10 11:13:57 2018

 

最后重启iptbales服务

[root@docker-test ~]# systemctl restart iptables

 

查看iptables规则

[root@docker-test ~]# iptables -L

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination        

ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             state RELATED,ESTABLISHED

ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere           

ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere           

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             state NEW tcp dpt:ssh

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             state NEW tcp dpt:distinct32

 

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination        

 

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination       

 

[root@docker-test ~]# iptables -L -t nat

Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination        

DNAT       tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:distinct32 to:172.17.0.9:80

 

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination        

 

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination        

 

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination        

SNAT       tcp  --  anywhere             172.17.0.9           tcp spt:http to:192.16.10.214

 

然后访问http://192.168.10.214:9998/,就能转发访问到my-nginx9容器的80端口了!!! 

一次性删除所有容器,包括正在运行的容器

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

[root@docker-test ~]# docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`

990752e39d75

0e86be91026d

ff2bc46a8ee4

c08eb29e3c0a

ba72a93196f7

debca5ec7dbb

589237ceec9d

2218c7d88ccc

[root@docker-test ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

如果启动docker 容器时,有如下报错:
/usr/bin/docker-current: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint my-nginx (db5a0edac68d1ea7ccaa3a1e0db31ebdf278076ef4851ee4250221af6167f9ac): (iptables failed: iptables --wait -t nat -A DOCKER -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 8088 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.2:80 ! -i docker0: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.

解决办法

1

2

3

4

1)不需要关闭防火墙

2)重启docker服务:systemctl restart docker

3)docker服务重启后,所有容器都会关闭,应立即批量启动全部容器:docker start `docker ps -a -q`

   启动的容器也会包括上面报错的容器,重启docker后,该容器就能正常启动和使用了!

Logo

权威|前沿|技术|干货|国内首个API全生命周期开发者社区

更多推荐