编码为H264裸流并写文件一
为什么说是裸流呢,因为这篇只讲到把视频编码后写入文件,得到的是一个后缀应该为“.h264”的文件,只能用PotPlayer等功能强大的播放器才能打开,因为它没有容器信息,需要装在MP4、MKV之类的容器中,才是一个真正的视频文件。但这一篇只讲编码后直接写入文件,以生成一个H264裸流文件。代码是从FFMPEG的2.8版本的官方示例中搬运的:https://ffmpeg.org/doxygen/..
为什么说是裸流呢,因为这篇只讲到把视频编码后写入文件,得到的是一个后缀应该为“.h264”的文件,只能用PotPlayer等功能强大的播放器才能打开,因为它没有容器信息,需要装在MP4、MKV之类的容器中,才是一个真正的视频文件。但这一篇只讲编码后直接写入文件,以生成一个H264裸流文件。
代码是从FFMPEG的2.8版本的官方示例中搬运的:https://ffmpeg.org/doxygen/2.8/decoding_encoding_8c-example.html
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 | static void video_encode_example(const char *filename, int codec_id) { AVCodec *codec; AVCodecContext *c= NULL; int i, ret, x, y, got_output; FILE *f; AVFrame *frame; AVPacket pkt; uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 }; printf("Encode video file %s\n", filename); /* find the mpeg1 video encoder */ codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id); if (!codec) { fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n"); exit(1); } c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec); if (!c) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n"); exit(1); } /* put sample parameters */ c->bit_rate = 400000; /* resolution must be a multiple of two */ c->width = 352; c->height = 288; /* frames per second */ c->time_base = (AVRational){1,25}; /* emit one intra frame every ten frames * check frame pict_type before passing frame * to encoder, if frame->pict_type is AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I * then gop_size is ignored and the output of encoder * will always be I frame irrespective to gop_size */ c->gop_size = 10; c->max_b_frames = 1; c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P; if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0); /* open it */ if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n"); exit(1); } f = fopen(filename, "wb"); if (!f) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename); exit(1); } frame = av_frame_alloc(); if (!frame) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n"); exit(1); } frame->format = c->pix_fmt; frame->width = c->width; frame->height = c->height; /* the image can be allocated by any means and av_image_alloc() is * just the most convenient way if av_malloc() is to be used */ ret = av_image_alloc(frame->data, frame->linesize, c->width, c->height, c->pix_fmt, 32); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate raw picture buffer\n"); exit(1); } /* encode 1 second of video */ for (i = 0; i < 25; i++) { av_init_packet(&pkt); pkt.data = NULL; // packet data will be allocated by the encoder pkt.size = 0; fflush(stdout); /* prepare a dummy image */ /* Y */ for (y = 0; y < c->height; y++) { for (x = 0; x < c->width; x++) { frame->data[0][y * frame->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3; } } /* Cb and Cr */ for (y = 0; y < c->height/2; y++) { for (x = 0; x < c->width/2; x++) { frame->data[1][y * frame->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2; frame->data[2][y * frame->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5; } } frame->pts = i; /* encode the image */ ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_output); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n"); exit(1); } if (got_output) { printf("Write frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size); fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f); av_free_packet(&pkt); } } /* get the delayed frames */ for (got_output = 1; got_output; i++) { fflush(stdout); ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, NULL, &got_output); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n"); exit(1); } if (got_output) { printf("Write frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, pkt.size); fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, f); av_free_packet(&pkt); } } /* add sequence end code to have a real mpeg file */ fwrite(endcode, 1, sizeof(endcode), f); fclose(f); avcodec_close(c); av_free(c); av_freep(&frame->data[0]); av_frame_free(&frame); printf("\n"); } |
将上述代码中的AVFrame改为从摄像头获取的AVFrame,就实现了摄像头数据编码为H264裸流了,但有几点要注意。
- 代码中的av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0)声明了编码速度,值有ultrafast、superfast、veryfast、faster、fast、medium、slow、slower、veryslow、placebo,越快视频质量则越差,但如果想实现实时编码(即编码速度不慢于输入速度),还要加一句av_opt_set(pOutputVideoCodecCtx->priv_data, "tune", "zerolatency", 0)。
- 每个packet的pts非常重要,当然也比较简单,设置好帧率(time_base)之后,pts累加即可。
- 最后的“get the delayed frames”也叫作“flush encoder”,意思是编码器中一般会缓存一些数据,最后要取出来。第1点中提到的编码速度越快,编码器中缓存的Packet也会越少,反之则越多。
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